A review of methodologies and success indicators for coastal wetland restoration

Ecological Indicators

Volumn 60, Issue , 2016, Pages 442-452

  Zhao, Qingqing ^a   Bai, Junhong ^a   Huang, Laibin ^b   Gu, Binhe ^b   Lu, Qiongqiong ^a   Gao, Zhaoqin ^a  

^a BEIJING NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Coastal wetlands; Ecological restoration; Success indicator system; Success indicators

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEMS; RESTORATION;

ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY; COASTAL WETLANDS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; ECOLOGICAL SERVICES; RESTORATION PROJECT; SUCCESS EVALUATIONS; SUCCESS INDICATORS; WETLAND RESTORATION;

WETLANDS;

COASTAL WETLAND; COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE; HABITAT LOSS; HUMAN ACTIVITY; LITERATURE REVIEW; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; URBANIZATION; WETLAND MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84938783767     PISSN: 1470160X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.07.003     Document Type: Review

References (166)

1. P. Adam Salt Marsh Restoration. Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystems Approach 2009 Elsevier 737 756
2. M. Alfaro, and M. Clara Assemblage of shorebirds and seabirds on Rocha Lagoon sandbar, Uruguay Ornitol. Neotrop. 18 2007 421 432
3. E.B. Allen New directions and growth of restoration ecology Restor. Ecol. 11 2003 1 2
4. D.M. Alongi Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 76 2008 1 13
5. S.Q. An, H.B. Li, B.H. Guan, C.F. Zhou, Z.S. Wang, Z.F. Deng, Y.B. Zhi, Y.H. Liu, C. Xu, S.B. Fang, J.H. Jiang, and H.L. Li China's natural wetlands: past problems, current status, and future challenges BioOne 36 2007 335 342
6. D.J.S. Azevêdo, J.E.L. Barbosa, W.I.A. Gomes, D.E. Porto, J.C. Marques, and J. Molozzi Diversity measures in macroinvertebrate and zooplankton communities related to the trophic status of subtropical reservoirs: contradictory or complementary responses? Ecol. Indic. 50 2015 135 149
7. J.H. Bai, R. Xiao, K.J. Zhang, H. Gao, B.S. Cui, and X.H. Liu Soil organic carbon as affected by land use in young and old reclaimed regions of a coastal estuary wetland, China Soil Use Manag. 29 2013 57 64
8. J.H. Bai, L.B. Huang, Z.Q. Gao, Q.Q. Lu, J.J. Wang, and Q.Q. Zhao Soil seed banks and their germination responses to cadmium and salinity stresses in coastal wetlands affected by reclamation and urbanization based on indoor and outdoor experiments J. Hazard. Mater. 280 2014 295 303
9. A.H. Baldwin, R.S. Hammerschlag, and D.R. Cahoon Evaluation of Restored Tidal Freshwater Wetlands Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystems Approach 2009 Elsevier 801 828
10. R. Ballinger, A. Pickaver, G. Lymbery, and M. Ferreria An evaluation of the implementation of the European ICZM principles Ocean Coast. Manag. 53 2010 738 749
11. W.K. Bao, Z.G. Liu, and Q. Liu Ecological restoration and rehabilitation: development, researching features and existing major problems World Sci. Technol. Res. Dev. 23 2001 44 48
12. E.B. Barbier Coastal wetland restoration and the deepwater Horizon oil spill Vanderbilt Law Rev. 2011 64
13. E.B. Barbier Valuing ecosystem services for coastal wetland protection and restoration: progress and challenges Resources 2 2013 213 230
14. E.B. Barbier, S.D. Hacker, C. Kennedy, E.W. Koch, A.C. Stier, and B.R. Silliman The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services Ecol. Monogr. 81 2011 169 193
15. G.R. Bastyan, and M.L. Cambridge Transplantation as a method for restoring the seagrass Posidonia australis Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 79 2008 289 299
16. R. Billé Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Four Entrenched Illusions 2009 SAPIENS Surveys and Perspectives Integrating Environment and Society (1.2)
17. B. Bossuyt, and O. Honnay Can the seed bank be used for ecological restoration? An overview of seed bank characteristics in European communities J. Veg. Sci. 19 2008 875 884
18. A.C. Brito, A. Newton, P. Tett, and T.F. Fernandes Changes in the yield of microphytobenthic chlorophyll from nutrients: considering denitrification Ecol. Indic. 19 2012 226 230
19. S.W. Broome, and C.B. Craft Tidal Marsh Creation. Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystems Approach 2009 Elsevier 715 733
20. S.W. Broome, E.D. Seneca, and W.W. Woodhouse Jr. Tidal salt marsh restoration Aquat. Bot. 32 1988 1 22
21. D.M. Burdick, M. Dionne, R.M. Boumans, and F.T. Short Ecological responses to tidal restorations of two northern New England salt marshes Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 4 1996 129 144
22. J.M. Burkholder, D.A. Tomasko, and B.W. Touchette Seagrasses and eutrophication J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 350 2007 46 72
23. S.D. Carrier, G.L. Bruland, L.J. Cox, and C.A. Lepczyk The perceptions of coastal resource managers in Hawai'i: the current situation and outlook for the future Ocean Coast. Manag. 69 2012 291 298
24. B. Chen Restoration and assessment methods of degraded wetland ecosystem Guangdong Landsc. Archit. 31 2008 25 28 (in Chinese)
25. D.N. Collins Sediment concentration in melt waters as an indicator of erosion processes beneath an Alpine glacier J. Glaciol. 23 1979 247 257
26. J. Cooper Progress in integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in Northern Ireland Mar. Policy 35 2011 794 799
27. R.O. Costanza, O. Pérez-Maqueo, M.L. Martinez, P. Sutton, S.J. Anderson, and K. Mulder The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection AMBIO: J. Hum. Environ. 37 2008 241 248
28. T. Couto, B. Duarte, I. Caçador, A. Baeta, and J.C. Marques Salt marsh plants carbon storage in a temperate Atlantic estuary illustrated by a stable isotopic analysis based approach Ecol. Indic. 32 2013 305 311
29. C. Craft Freshwater input structures soil properties, vertical accretion, and nutrient accumulation of Georgia and US tidal marshes Limnol. Oceanogr. 52 2007 1220 1230
30. C.B. Craft, J. Reader, J.N. Sacco, and S.W. Broome Twenty-five years of ecosystem development of constructed Spartina alterniflora (Loisel) marshes Ecol. Appl. 9 1999 1405 1419
31. B.S. Cui, and Z.F. Yang Establishing an indicator system for ecosystem health evaluation on wetlands I. A theoretical framework Acta Ecol. Sin. 22 2002 1005 1011
32. B.S. Cui, and Z.F. Yang Wetlands 2006 Beijing Normal University Press Beijing 248 250
33. B.S. Cui, N. Tang, X.S. Zhao, and J.H. Bai A management-oriented valuation method to determine ecological water requirement for wetlands in the Yellow River Delta of China J. Nat. Conserv. 17 2009 129 141
34. B.S. Cui, Q.C. Yang, Z.F. Yang, and K.J. Zhang Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta, China Ecol. Eng. 35 2009 1090 1103
35. B.S. Cui, Z.M. Zhang, and X.X. Lei Implementation of diversified ecological networks to strengthen wetland conservation Clean Soil Air Water 40 2012 1015 1026
36. A.H. Cunha, N.N. Marbá, M.M. van Katwijk, C. Pickerell, M. Henriques, G. Bernard, A. Ferreira, S. Garcia, J.M. Garmendia, and P. Manent Changing paradigms in seagrass restoration Restor. Ecol. 20 2012 427 430
37. M. Cvetkovic, and P. Chow-Fraser Use of ecological indicators to assess the quality of Great Lakes coastal wetlands Ecol. Indic. 11 2011 1609 1622
38. G.C. Daily Restoring value to the world's degraded lands Science 269 1995 350 354 New York Washington
39. P.E.R. Dale, and J.M. Knight Managing salt marshes for mosquito control: impacts of runnelling, open marsh water management and grid ditching in sub-tropical Australia Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 14 2006 211 220
40. J.W. Day, R.R. Lane, and R. Robert Wetland restoration using mangroves in southern Louisiana SPE Americas E&P Health Safety Security and Environmental Conference 2013 Society of Petroleum Engineers 10.2118/163789-MS
41. R.D. DeLaune, and J.R. White Will coastal wetlands continue to sequester carbon in response to an increase in global sea level?: A case study of the rapidly subsiding Mississippi river deltaic plain Clim. Change 110 2012 297 314
42. C.M. Duarte, W.C. Dennison, R.J.W. Orth, and T.J.B. Carruthers The charisma of coastal ecosystems: addressing the imbalance Estuar. Coasts 31 2008 233 238
43. B. Duarte, J. Freitas, and I. Caçador Sediment microbial activities and physic-chemistry as progress indicators of salt marsh restoration processes Ecol. Indic. 19 2012 231 239
44. G.J. Edgar, G.R. Russ, and R.C. Babcock Marine protected areas Mar. Ecol. 2007 533 555
45. J.G. Ehrenfeld Defining the limits of restoration: the need for realistic goals Restor. Ecol. 8 2000 2 9
46. A.M. Ellison Mangrove restoration: do we know enough? Restor. Ecol. 8 2000 219 229
47. C. Elster Reasons for reforestation success and failure with three mangrove species in Colombia For. Ecol. Manag. 131 2000 201 214
48. S.G.E. Findlay Functional assessment of a reference wetland set as a tool for science, management and restoration Aquat. Sci. 64 2002 107 117
49. O.N. Fitzsimmons, B.M. Ballard, M.T. Merendino, G.A. Baldassarre, and K.M. Hartke Implications of coastal wetland management to nonbreeding waterbirds in Texas Wetlands 32 2012 1057 1066
50. M.S. Fonseca, W.J. Kenworthy, F.X. Courtney, and M.O. Hall Seagrass planting in the southeastern United States: methods for accelerating habitat development Restor. Ecol. 2 1994 198 212
51. I. Fujisaki, F.J. Mazzotti, K.M. Hart, K.G. Rice, D. Ogurcak, M. Rochford, B.M. Jefferya, L.A. Brandt, and M.S. Cherkiss Use of alligator hole abundance and occupancy rate as indicators for restoration of a human-altered wetland Ecol. Indic. 23 2012 627 633
52. A.K. Gain, and C. Giupponi A dynamic assessment of water scarcity risk in the Lower Brahmaputra River Basin: an integrated approach Ecol. Indic. 48 2015 120 131
53. A. Gil-Tena, R. Lecerf, and A. Ernoult Disentangling community assemblages to depict an indicator of biological connectivity: a regional study of fragmented semi-natural grasslands Ecol. Indic. 24 2013 48 55
54. M.B. Griffith, B.H. Hill, F.H. McCormick, P.R. Kaufmannd, A.T. Herlihye, and A.R. Selle Comparative application of indices of biotic integrity based on periphyton, macroinvertebrates, and fish to southern Rocky Mountain streams Ecol. Indic. 5 2005 117 136
55. A. Guilpart, J.M. Roussel, J. Aubin, T. Caquet, M. Marle, and H. Le Bris The use of benthic invertebrate community and water quality analyses to assess ecological consequences of fish farm effluents in rivers Ecol. Indic. 23 2012 356 365
56. R.A. Guldemond, M.J. Grainger, and M.J. Trimble Where is the evidence for assessing evidence-based restoration? Comments on Ntshotsho et al. (2010) Restor. Ecol. 20 2012 7 9
57. D. Hagen, and M. Evju Using short-term monitoring data to achieve goals in a large-scale restoration Ecol. Soc. 18 2013 29
58. J. Harttera, and S.J. Ryan Top-down or bottom-up? Decentralization, natural resource management, and usufruct rights in the forests and wetlands of western Uganda Land Use Policy 27 2010 815 826
59. R.J. Hobbs, and D.A. Norton Towards a conceptual framework for restoration ecology Restor. Ecol. 4 1996 93 110
60. K.D. Holl, and T.M. Aide When and where to actively restore ecosystems? For. Ecol. Manag. 261 2011 1558 1563
61. R.G. Hunter, S.P. Faulkner, and K.A. Gibson The importance of hydrology in restoration of bottomland hardwood wetland functions Wetlands 28 2008 605 615
62. J. Ilmonen, R. Virtanen, L. Paasivirta, and T. Muotka Detecting restoration impacts in inter-connected habitats: spring invertebrate communities in a restored wetland Ecol. Indic. 30 2013 165 169
63. C. Jackson, and S. Vallaire Effects of salinity and nutrients on microbial assemblages in Louisiana wetland sediments Wetlands 29 2009 277 287
64. R.D. Jarzemsky, M.R. Burchell II, and R.O. Evans The impact of manipulating surface topography on the hydrologic restoration of a forested coastal wetland Ecol. Eng. 58 2013 35 43
65. R. Jaunatre, E. Buisson, I. Muller, H. Morlon, F. Mesléard, and T. Dutoit New synthetic indicators to assess community resilience and restoration success Ecol. Indic. 29 2013 468 477
66. X. Jin, D.H. Yan, H. Wang, C. Zhang, Y. Tang, G.Y. Yang, and L.H. Wang Study on integrated calculation of ecological water demand for basin system Sci. China Technol. Sci. 2011 10.1007/s11431-011-4535-5
67. B. Kamali, and R. Hashim Mangrove restoration without planting Ecol. Eng. 37 2011 387 391
68. J.L. Kauffman-Axelrod, and S.J. Steinberg Development and application of an automated GIS based evaluation to prioritize wetland restoration opportunities Wetlands 30 2010 437 448
69. M.E. Kentula Perspectives on setting success criteria for wetland restoration Ecol. Eng. 15 2000 199 209
70. J. Kevin, L. Yannick, V. Paul, V. Eric, T. Doug, and F.P. Diego Monitoring and assessment of wetlands using Earth Observation: The Globe Wetland project J. Environ. Manag. 90 2009 2154 2169
71. M.A.T. Koçer, and H. Sevgili Parameters selection for water quality index in the assessment of the environmental impacts of land-based trout farms Ecol. Indic. 36 2014 672 681
72. E.W. Koch, E.B. Barbier, B.R. Silliman, and et al. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection Front. Ecol. Environ. 7 2009 29 37
73. J.Z. Kosicki, and P. Chylarecki The Hooded Crow Corvus cornix density as a predictor of wetland bird species richness on a large geographical scale in Poland Ecol. Indic. 38 2014 50 60
74. S.N. Lane, S.M. Reaney, and A.L. Heathwaite Representation of landscape hydrological connectivity using a topographically driven surface flow index Water Resour. Res. 45 2009 10.1029/2008WR007336
75. A.D. Lemly, R.T. Kingsford, and J.R. Thompson Irrigated agriculture and wildlife conservation: conflict on a global scale Environ. Manag. 25 2000 485 512
76. J.C. LeoPold Getting a handle on ecosystem health Science 276 1997 876
77. R.R. Lewis III Ecological engineering for successful management and restoration of mangrove forests Ecol. Eng. 24 2005 403 418
78. R.R. Lewis III Methods and Criteria for Successful Mangrove Forest Restoration. Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystems Approach 2009 Elsevier 787 798
79. Y.F. Li, and H.Y. Liu Comprehensive study on biological integrity index method and hydro-geomorphology evaluation method in wetland ecosystem assessment J. Anhui Agric. Sci. 35 2007 11188 11191
80. H.P. Li, and L.Q. Zhang An experimental study on physical controls of an exotic Plant Spartina alterniflora in Shanghai, China Ecol. Eng. 32 2008 11 21
81. M.L. Lin, X.Y. Li, and M.H. Li Probe into the index system for evaluating the health of the rivers in the Pearl River basin Pearl River 4 2006 1 4
82. H. López-Rosas, P. Moreno-Casasola, F. López-Barrera, L.E. Sánchez-Higueredo, V.E. Espejel-González, and J. Vázquez Interdune Wetland Restoration in Central Veracruz, Mexico: Plant Diversity Recovery Mediated by the Hydroperiod, Restoration of Coastal Dunes 2013 Springer New York, USA 255 269
83. S.Z. Luo, C. Wang, F.F. Pan, G.C. Li, S. Nie, and S.B. Xia Estimation of wetland vegetation height and leaf area index using airborne laser scanning data Ecol. Indic. 48 2015 550 559
84. X.G. Lv, and X.H. Liu Wetland research progresses in China - dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS Sci. Geogr. Sin. 28 2008 301 308
85. D.D. Macdonald, R.S. Carr, F.D. Calder, E.R. Long, and C.G. Ingersoll Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters Ecotoxicology 5 1996 253 278
86. M.P. Marchetti, M. Garr, and A.N. Smith Evaluating wetland restoration success using aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the Sacramento Valley, California Restor. Ecol. 18 2010 457 466
87. F.J. Mazzotti, G.R. Best, L.A. Brandt, M.S. Cherkiss, B.M. Jeffery, and K.G. Rice Alligators and crocodiles as indicators for restoration of Everglades ecosystems Ecol. Indic. 9 2009 S137 S149
88. E.J.B. McIntire, C.B. Schultz, and E.E. Crone Designing a network for butterfly habitat restoration: where individuals, populations and landscapes interact J. Appl. Ecol. 44 2007 725 736
89. L.C. McManus, S. Yurek, P.B. Teare, T.E. Dolan, and J.E. Serafy Killifish habitat suitability as a measure of coastal restoration performance: integrating field data, behavioral trials and simulation Ecol. Indic. 44 2014 173 181
90. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends 2005
91. J.L. Meyer Stream health: incorporating the human dimension to advance stream ecology J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 16 1997 439 447
92. W.J. Mitsch, and J.G. Gosselink Wetlands 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 270 382
93. W.J. Mitsch, and N. Wang Large-scale coastal wetland restoration on the Laurentian Great Lakes: determining the potential for water quality improvement Ecol. Eng. 15 2000 267 282
94. W.J. Mitsch, and R.F. Wilson Improving the success of wetland creation and restoration with know-how, time, and self-design Ecol. Appl. 6 1996 77 83
95. J.T. Morris, P.V. Sundareshwar, C.T. Nietch, B. Kjerfve, and D.R. Cahoon Responses of coastal wetlands to rising sea level Ecology 83 2002 2869 2877
96. H.A. Neckles, M. Dionne, D.M. Burdick, C.T. Roman, R. Buchsbaum, and E. Hutchins A monitoring protocol to assess tidal restoration of salt marshes on local and regional scales Restor. Ecol. 10 2002 556 563
97. K.P. Neff, K. Rusello, and A.H. Baldwin Rapid seed bank development in restored tidal freshwater wetlands Restor. Ecol. 17 2009 539 548
98. A. Newton, T.J. Carruthers, and J. Icely The coastal syndromes and hotspots on the coast Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 96 2012 39 47
99. C. Nilsson, and Á.L. Aradóttir Ecological and social aspects of ecological restoration: new challenges and opportunities for northernregions Ecol. Soc. 18 2013 35
100. National Research Council (NRC) Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act. Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Water Science and Technology Board 2001 National Research Council
101. E.I. Paling, M. Fonseca, M.M. van Katwijk, and M. van Keulen Seagrass Restoration. Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystems Approach 2009 Elsevier 687 713
102. S. Pellerin, and C. Lavoie Reconstructing the recent dynamics of mires using a multitechnique approach J. Ecol. 91 2003 1008 1021
103. M.R. Perrow, and A.J. Davy Hand Book of Ecological Restoration: Restoration in Practice 2002 Cambridge University Press New York, USA 5 6
104. T. Petursdottir, O. Arnalds, S. Baker, L. Montanarella, and Á.L. Aradóttir A social-ecological system approach to analyze stakeholders' interactions within a large-scale rangeland restoration program Ecol. Soc. 18 2013 29
105. G.M. Perillo, E. Wolanski, D.R. Cahoon, and M.M. Brinson Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach 2009 Elsevier 1 56
106. J.T. Quigley, and D.J. Harper Effectiveness of fish habitat compensation in Canada in achieving no net loss Environ. Manag. 37 2006 351 366
107. H. Ren, and S.L. Peng An Introduction to Restoration Ecology 2002 Science Press Beijing
108. H. Ren, X.M. Wu, T.Z. Ning, G. Huang, J. Wang, S.G. Jian, and H.F. Lu Wetland changes and mangrove restoration planning in Shenzhen Bay, Southern China Landsc. Ecol. Eng. 7 2011 241 250
109. C.J. Richardson, N.E. Flanagan, M. Ho, and J.W. Pahl Integrated stream and wetland restoration: a watershed approach to improved water quality on the landscape Ecol. Eng. 37 2011 25 39
110. L.P. Rozas, T.J. Minello, R.J. Zimmerman, and P. Caldwell Nekton populations, long-term wetland loss, and the effect of recent habitat restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA Mar. Ecol. Prog. 344 2007 119 130
111. M.C. Ruiz-Jaén, and T.M. Aide Restoration success: how is it being measured? Restor. Ecol. 13 2005 569 577
112. M.C. Ruiz-Jaén, and T.M. Aide Vegetation structure, species diversity, and ecosystem processes as measures of restoration success For. Ecol. Manag. 218 2005 159 173
113. S.G. Salmo III, C. Lovelock, and N.E. Duke Vegetation and soil characteristics as indicators of restoration trajectories in restored mangroves Hydrobiologia 720 2013 1 18
114. B. Saint-Béat, D. Baird, H. Asmus, R. Asmus, C. Bacher, S.R. Pacella, G.A. Johnson, V. David, A.F. Vézina, and N. Niquil Trophic networks: How do theories link ecosystem structure and functioning to stability properties? A review Ecol. Indic. 52 2015 458 471
115. O.J. Schmitz Restoration of ailing wetlands PLOS Biol. 10ss 2012 e1001248
116. T.S. Seilheimer, T.P. Mahoney, and P. Chow-Fraser Comparative study of ecological indices for assessing human-induced disturbance in coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes Ecol. Indic. 9 2009 81 91
117. State Environmental Protection Administration of China (SEPAC) Environmental Report 2005 http://www.zhb.gov.cn/
118. SER (Society for Ecological Restoration International Science & Policy Working Group) The SER International Primer on Ecological Restoration 2004 Society for Ecological Restoration International Tucson, Arizona Available from http://www.ser.org (accessed in July 2005)
119. State Forestry Administration of China (SFAC) China's National Wetland Conservation: Action Plan 2000 China Forestry Publishing House Beijing (in Chinese)
120. State Forestry Administration of China (SFAC) Wildlife and Wetland Reserves Information 2005 http://www.cnwm.org.cn/wildlife/index.asp
121. N. Shackelford, R.J. Hobbs, and J.M. Burgar Primed for change: developing ecological restoration for the 21st century Restor. Ecol. 21 2013 297 304
122. C. Simenstad, D. Reed, and M. Ford When is restoration not?: Incorporating landscape-scale processes to restore self-sustaining ecosystems in coastal wetland restoration Ecol. Eng. 26 2006 27 39
123. L.A. Smith-Cartwright, and P. Chow-Fraser Application of the index of marsh bird community integrity to coastal wetlands of Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario, Canada Ecol. Indic. 11 2011 1482 1486
124. B.N. Sowińska-͆wierkosz, and D. Soszyński Landscape structure versus the effectiveness of nature conservation: Roztocze region case study (Poland) Ecol. Indic. 43 2014 143 153
125. J.A. Stanturf, S.H. Schoenholtz, C.J. Schweitzer, and J.P. Shepard Achieving restoration success: myths in bottomland hardwood forests Restor. Ecol. 9 2001 189 200
126. L.A. Staszak, and A.R. Armitage Evaluating salt marsh restoration success with an Index of Ecosystem Integrity J. Coast. Res. 29 2012 410 418
127. T. Stojanovic, and N. Barker Improving governance through local coastal partnerships in the UK Geogr. J. 174 2008 344 360
128. W.J. Streever Performance standards for wetland creation and restoration under Section 404 Natl. Wetl. Newsl. May-June 1999 10 13
129. K.N. Suding Toward an era of restoration in ecology: successes, failures, and opportunities ahead Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 42 2011 465
130. N. Tang, B.S. Cui, and X.S. Zhao The restoration of reed (Phragmites australi) wetland in the Yellow River Delta Acta Ecol. Sin. 26 2006 2616 2624
131. J.M. Teal, and L. Weishar Ecological engineering, adaptive management, and restoration management in Delaware Bay salt marsh restoration Ecol. Eng. 25 2005 304 314
132. M.N. Thormann, and S.E. Bayley Aboveground plant production and nutrient content of the vegetation in six peatlands in Alberta, Canada Plant Ecol. 131 1997 1 16
133. The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 2010 COP 10 Decision X/2 Nagoya, Japan
134. R.E. Turner, and R.R. Lewis III Hydrologic restoration of coastal wetlands Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 4 1996 65 72
135. R.K. Turner, J.C. Van Den Bergh, T. Söderqvist, and et al. Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy Ecol. Econ. 35 2000 7 23
136. I. Valiela, E. Kinney, J. Culbertson, E. Peacock, and S. Smith Global Losses of Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2009
137. M.M. Van Katwijk, A.R. Bos, V.N. de Jong, L.S.A.M. Hanssen, D.C.R. Hermus, and D.J. de Jong Guidelines for seagrass restoration: importance of habitat selection and donor population, spreading of risks, and ecosystem engineering effects Mar. Pollu. Bull. 58 2009 179 188
138. J.M. Visser, C.E. Sasser, R.H. Chabreck, and R.G. Linscombe Long-term vegetation change in Louisiana tidal marshes, 1968-1992 Wetlands 19 1999 168 175
139. M.G. Von Bertrab, A. Krein, S. Stendera, F. Thielen, and D. Hering Is fine sediment deposition a main driver for the composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages? Ecol. Indic. 24 2013 589 598
140. K.I. Wagner, S.K. Gallagher, M. Hayes, B.A. Lawrence, and J.B. Zedler Wetland restoration in the new millennium: do research efforts match opportunities? Restor. Ecol. 16 2008 367 372
141. H. Wang Study on the Method and Index System of River Ecosystem Restoration Assessment - Huangpu River and Suzhou River (Dissertation) 2006 East China Normal University
142. L. Wang A review on wetland ecosystem restoration Environ. Sci. Manag. 33 2008 152 156
143. T. Ward Evaluating individual health metrics of pumpkinseed as a proxy for restoration success in coastal wetlands of the St. Lawrence River 144th Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society 2014
144. M.P. Weinstein, J.M. Teal, J.H. Balletto, and K.A. Strait Restoration principles emerging from one of the world's largest tidal marsh restoration projects Wetl. Ecol. Manag. 9 2001 387 407
145. WHO (World Health Organization) Climate Change and Health: Impact and Adaptation 2000 http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/who-SDE-OEH-00.4.pdf (accessed 16.10.08)
146. D.A. Wilcox, and T.H. Whillans Techniques for restoration of disturbed coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes Wetlands 19 1999 835 857
147. G.L. Wingard, and J.J. Lorenz Integrated conceptual ecological model and habitat indices for the southwest Florida coastal wetlands Ecol. Indic. 44 2014 92 107
148. E. Wolanski Estuarine Ecohydrology 2007 Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1 8
149. M. Wolters, A. Garbutt, and J.P. Bakker Salt-marsh restoration: evaluating the success of de-embankments in north-west Europe Biol. Conserv. 123 2005 249 268
150. L. Wortley, J.M. Hero, and M. Howes Evaluating ecological restoration success: a review of the literature Restor. Ecol. 21 2013 537 543
151. J.G. Wu Dissipative structure, hierarchy theory and ecosystem Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 2 1991 181 186
152. D.N. Xiao, W.B. Chen, and F.L. Guo On the basic concepts and contents of ecological security Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 13 2002 354 358
153. D.H. Yan, G. Wang, H. Wang, and T.L. Qin Assessing ecological land use and water demand of river systems: a case study in Luanhe River, North China Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 16 2012 2469 2483
154. T.P. Young Restoration ecology and conservation biology Biol. Conserv. 92 2000 73 83
155. J.S. Young, E.M. Ammon, P.J. Weisberg, T.E. Dilts, W.E. Newton, D.C. Wong-Kone, and L.G. Heki Comparison of bird community indices for riparian restoration planning and monitoring Ecol. Indic. 34 2013 159 167
156. J. Yu, X.L. Wang, Y.J. Wu, and N.F. Yin Changes of Shennongjia Dajiuhu landscape pattern and the strategies of wetland ecological restoration J. Huazhong Agric. Univ. 27 2008 122 126
157. L. Yuan, L.Q. Zhang, D.R. Xiao, J. Zhang, R.Z. Wang, L.Q. Yuan, Z.Q. Gu, X. Chen, Y. Ping, and Z.C. Zhu A demonstration study using the integrated technique of cutting plus waterlogging for the control of Spartina alterniflora Acta Ecol. Sin. 28 2008 5723 5730
158. J.B. Zedler Handbook for Restoring Tidal Wetlands 2001 CRC Press Washington, DC
159. J.B. Zedler Progress in wetland restoration ecology Trends. Ecol. Evol. 15 2000 402 407
160. J.B. Zedler Success: an unclear, subjective descriptor of restoration outcomes Ecol. Restor. 25 2007 162 168
161. J.B. Zedler, and S. Kercher Wetland resources: status, trends, ecosystem services, and restorability Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 30 2005 39 74
162. J. Zhang, and Y.L. Sun Eco-environmental quality and ecological restoration: a case study in wetland of the Loushan River Estuary, Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao International Workshop on Education Technology and Training and 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 1 2009 186 189
163. M.X. Zhang, G.Q. Liu, and X.P. Tang Techniques and methods for wetland restoration Wetl. Sci. Manag. 5 2009 12 15
164. Y.R. Zhang, R.Q. Wang, D. Kaplan, and J. Liu Which components of plant diversity are most correlated with ecosystem properties? A case study in a restored wetland in northern China Ecol. Indic. 49 2015 228 236
165. J.L. Zhuo, L. Ge, and X.T. Shi Study on eco-water supplement for freshwater wetlands in the Yellow River Estuary J. Hydroecol. 34 2013 14 20
166. Y.A. Zou, J. Liu, X.T. Yang, M.T. Zhang, D. Chen, and T.H. Wang Impact of coastal wetland restoration strategies in the Chongming Dongtan wetlands, China: waterbird community composition as an indicator Acta Zool. Acad. Sci. 60 2014 185 198