메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 12, 2014, Pages

Long-term regional shifts in plant community composition are largely explained by local deer impact experiments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECOSYSTEM; EXOTIC SPECIES; FERN; FOREST; GRASS; HERBIVORY; NONHUMAN; PLANT COMMUNITY; PLANT HERBIVORE INTERACTION; POPULATION ABUNDANCE; SHRUB; TREE; UNITED STATES; WHITE TAILED DEER; ANIMAL; BIOTA; DEER; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT; POPULATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 84938614433     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115843     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (68)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0027101175 scopus 로고
    • The problem of pattern and scale in ecology
    • Levin SA (1992) The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73: 1943-1967.
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 1943-1967
    • Levin, S.A.1
  • 2
    • 0000644853 scopus 로고
    • Long-term ecological research
    • Callahan JT (1984) Long-term ecological research. Bioscience 34: 363-367.
    • (1984) Bioscience , vol.34 , pp. 363-367
    • Callahan, J.T.1
  • 3
    • 0001565730 scopus 로고
    • Long term research and the invisible present
    • Magnuson J (1990) Long term research and the invisible present. BioScience 40: 495-501.
    • (1990) BioScience , vol.40 , pp. 495-501
    • Magnuson, J.1
  • 4
    • 0001565733 scopus 로고
    • Long-term ecological research and the invisible place
    • Swanson FJ, Sparks RE (1990) Long-term ecological research and the invisible place. BioScience 40:502-508.
    • (1990) BioScience , vol.40 , pp. 502-508
    • Swanson, F.J.1    Sparks, R.E.2
  • 5
    • 0000754098 scopus 로고
    • Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries
    • Pauly D (1995) Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 10: 430.
    • (1995) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.10 , pp. 430
    • Pauly, D.1
  • 6
    • 0027331734 scopus 로고
    • Eastern Hemlock regeneration and deer browsing in the Northern Great Lakes region: A re-examination and model simulation
    • Mladenoff DJ, Stearns F (1993) Eastern Hemlock regeneration and deer browsing in the northern Great Lakes region: A re-examination and model simulation. Conservation Biology 7: 889-900.
    • (1993) Conservation Biology , vol.7 , pp. 889-900
    • Mladenoff, D.J.1    Stearns, F.2
  • 7
    • 0034234132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of deer browsing, prescribed burns, visitor use, and trails on an oak-pine forest: Pinery Provincial Park, Ontario
    • Patel A, Rapport DJ (2000) Assessing the effects of deer browsing, prescribed burns, visitor use, and trails on an oak-pine forest: Pinery Provincial Park, Ontario. Natural Areas Journal 20: 250-260.
    • (2000) Natural Areas Journal , vol.20 , pp. 250-260
    • Patel, A.1    Rapport, D.J.2
  • 8
    • 0034893065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of deer herbivory on ground vegetation at Wytham Woods, Central England
    • Morecroft MD, Taylor ME, Ellwood SA, Quinn SA (2001) Impacts of deer herbivory on ground vegetation at Wytham Woods, central England. Forestry 74: 251-257.
    • (2001) Forestry , vol.74 , pp. 251-257
    • Morecroft, M.D.1    Taylor, M.E.2    Ellwood, S.A.3    Quinn, S.A.4
  • 9
    • 20444385116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term response of spring flora to chronic herbivory and deer exclusion in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA
    • Webster CR, Jenkins MA, Rock JH (2005) Long-term response of spring flora to chronic herbivory and deer exclusion in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Biological Conservation 125: 297-307.
    • (2005) Biological Conservation , vol.125 , pp. 297-307
    • Webster, C.R.1    Jenkins, M.A.2    Rock, J.H.3
  • 10
    • 84857449605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling the landscape of deer overabundance: Reserve size versus landscape context in the agricultural Midwest
    • Hurley PM, Webster CR, Flaspohler DJ, Parker GR (2012) Untangling the landscape of deer overabundance: Reserve size versus landscape context in the agricultural Midwest. Biological Conservation 146: 62-71.
    • (2012) Biological Conservation , vol.146 , pp. 62-71
    • Hurley, P.M.1    Webster, C.R.2    Flaspohler, D.J.3    Parker, G.R.4
  • 11
    • 80755168878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-level vegetation recovery from herbivory: Progress after four decades of invasive red deer control
    • Tanentzap AJ, Burrows LE, Lee WG, Nugent G, Maxwell JM, et al. (2012) Landscape-level vegetation recovery from herbivory: progress after four decades of invasive red deer control. Forest Ecology and Management 264: 159-166.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.264 , pp. 159-166
    • Tanentzap, A.J.1    Burrows, L.E.2    Lee, W.G.3    Nugent, G.4    Maxwell, J.M.5
  • 16
    • 0027505188 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of browse-sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browsing pressure
    • Anderson RC, Katz AJ (1993) Recovery of browse-sensitive tree species following release from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) browsing pressure. Biological Conservation 63: 203-208.
    • (1993) Biological Conservation , vol.63 , pp. 203-208
    • Anderson, R.C.1    Katz, A.J.2
  • 17
    • 0032495123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and regional variation in hemlock seedling establishment in forests of the Upper Great Lakes region, USA
    • Rooney TP, Waller DM (1998) Local and regional variation in hemlock seedling establishment in forests of the upper Great Lakes region, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 111: 211-224.
    • (1998) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.111 , pp. 211-224
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 18
    • 0034089228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests
    • Cornett MW, Frelich LE, Puettmann KJ, Reich PB (2000) Conservation implications of browsing by Odocoileus virginianus in remnant upland Thuja occidentalis forests. Biological Conservation 93: 359-369.
    • (2000) Biological Conservation , vol.93 , pp. 359-369
    • Cornett, M.W.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Puettmann, K.J.3    Reich, P.B.4
  • 19
    • 0036087317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of tree regeneration in fern-dominated forest understories after reduction of deer browsing
    • de la Cretaz A (2002) Development of tree regeneration in fern-dominated forest understories after reduction of deer browsing. Restoration Ecology 10: 416-426.
    • (2002) Restoration Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 416-426
    • De La Cretaz, A.1
  • 20
    • 0036433974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among deer browse, hunting, and tree regeneration
    • Martin J-L, Baltzinger C (2002) Interactions among deer browse, hunting, and tree regeneration. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32: 1254-1264.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 1254-1264
    • Martin, J.-L.1    Baltzinger, C.2
  • 21
    • 84856434225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of deer browsing: Composition, structure and productivity in a Northeastern Minnesota old-growth forest
    • White M (2012) Long-term effects of deer browsing: Composition, structure and productivity in a northeastern Minnesota old-growth forest. Forest Ecology and Management 269: 222-228.
    • (2012) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.269 , pp. 222-228
    • White, M.1
  • 22
    • 0031786775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: Herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance
    • Augustine DJ, McNaughton SJ (1998) Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 1165-1183.
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , pp. 1165-1183
    • Augustine, D.J.1    McNaughton, S.J.2
  • 23
    • 65949097477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty-seven year changes in vegetation at the Apostle Islands: Effects of deer on the forest understory
    • Mudrak EL, Johnson SE, Waller DM (2009) Forty-seven year changes in vegetation at the Apostle Islands: Effects of deer on the forest understory. Natrual Areas Journal 29: 167-176.
    • (2009) Natrual Areas Journal , vol.29 , pp. 167-176
    • Mudrak, E.L.1    Johnson, S.E.2    Waller, D.M.3
  • 24
    • 0034915536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on plants, plant populations and communities: A review
    • Russell FL, Zippen DB, Fowler NL (2001) Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on plants, plant populations and communities: a review. The American Midland Naturalist 146: 1-26.
    • (2001) The American Midland Naturalist , vol.146 , pp. 1-26
    • Russell, F.L.1    Zippen, D.B.2    Fowler, N.L.3
  • 25
    • 84857487756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) herbivory in herbaceous plant communities in Northeastern Illinois
    • Urbanek RE, Nielsen CK, Glowacki GA, Preuss TS (2012) White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) herbivory in herbaceous plant communities in Northeastern Illinois. Natural Areas Journal 32: 6-14.
    • (2012) Natural Areas Journal , vol.32 , pp. 6-14
    • Urbanek, R.E.1    Nielsen, C.K.2    Glowacki, G.A.3    Preuss, T.S.4
  • 26
    • 0000265899 scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer as keystone species within forested habitats of Virginia
    • McShea WJ, Rappole JH (1992) White-tailed deer as keystone species within forested habitats of Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science 43: 177-186.
    • (1992) Virginia Journal of Science , vol.43 , pp. 177-186
    • McShea, W.J.1    Rappole, J.H.2
  • 27
    • 0034001855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring
    • Canterbury G, Martin T, Petit D, Petit L, Bradford D (2000) Bird communities and habitat as ecological indicators of forest condition in regional monitoring. Conservation Biology 14: 544-558.
    • (2000) Conservation Biology , vol.14 , pp. 544-558
    • Canterbury, G.1    Martin, T.2    Petit, D.3    Petit, L.4    Bradford, D.5
  • 28
    • 84855942502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling large-scale relationships between changes in woodland deer and bird populations
    • Newson S, Johnston A, Renwick A, Baillie S, Fuller R (2012) Modeling large-scale relationships between changes in woodland deer and bird populations. Journal of Applied Ecology 49: 278-286.
    • (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 278-286
    • Newson, S.1    Johnston, A.2    Renwick, A.3    Baillie, S.4    Fuller, R.5
  • 29
    • 84870712885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of how variation in deer density affects vegetation and songbird assemblages of recently harvested boreal forests
    • Cardinal E, Martin JL, Tremblay JP, Côté SD (2012) An experimental study of how variation in deer density affects vegetation and songbird assemblages of recently harvested boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90: 704-713.
    • (2012) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.90 , pp. 704-713
    • Cardinal, E.1    Martin, J.L.2    Tremblay, J.P.3    Côté, S.D.4
  • 30
    • 84859398184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on litter-dwelling arthropod communities
    • Christopher C, Cameron G (2012) Effects of invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on litter-dwelling arthropod communities. American Midland Naturalist 167: 256-272.
    • (2012) American Midland Naturalist , vol.167 , pp. 256-272
    • Christopher, C.1    Cameron, G.2
  • 32
    • 2542474342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic impoverishment and homogenization in unfragmented forest understory communities
    • Rooney TP, Wiegmann SM, Rogers DA, Waller DM (2004) Biotic impoverishment and homogenization in unfragmented forest understory communities. Conservation Biology 18: 787-798.
    • (2004) Conservation Biology , vol.18 , pp. 787-798
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Wiegmann, S.M.2    Rogers, D.A.3    Waller, D.M.4
  • 33
    • 31144451095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotic homogenization in forest understories: Identity and traits of historical "winners" and "losers"
    • Wiegmann SM, Waller DM (2006) Biotic homogenization in forest understories: identity and traits of historical "winners" and "losers". Biological Conservation 129: 109-123.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.129 , pp. 109-123
    • Wiegmann, S.M.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 34
    • 0028180761 scopus 로고
    • Height of white-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity
    • Anderson RC (1994) Height of white-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer browsing intensity. Ecological Applications 4: 104-109.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 104-109
    • Anderson, R.C.1
  • 35
    • 0031667986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of white-tailed deer on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests
    • Augustine DJ, Frelich LE (1998) Effects of white-tailed deer on populations of an understory forb in fragmented deciduous forests. Conservation Biology 12: 995-1004.
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 995-1004
    • Augustine, D.J.1    Frelich, L.E.2
  • 36
    • 13644264268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer browsing and population viability of forest understory plant
    • McGraw JB, Furedi MA (2005) Deer browsing and population viability of forest understory plant. Science 307: 920-922.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 920-922
    • McGraw, J.B.1    Furedi, M.A.2
  • 37
    • 0042905782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of deer in forest ecosystems
    • Rooney TP, Waller DM (2003) Direct and indirect effects of deer in forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 181: 165-176.
    • (2003) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.181 , pp. 165-176
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 38
    • 0031766904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for two alternative stable states in an ungulate grazing system
    • Augustine DJ, Frelich LE, Jordan PA (1998) Evidence for two alternative stable states in an ungulate grazing system. Ecological Applications 8: 1260-1269.
    • (1998) Ecological Applications , vol.8 , pp. 1260-1269
    • Augustine, D.J.1    Frelich, L.E.2    Jordan, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 0030846630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are overabundant deer herds in the Eastern United States creating alternate stable states in forest plant communities?
    • Stromayer KAK, Warren RJ (1997) Are overabundant deer herds in the eastern United States creating alternate stable states in forest plant communities? Wildlife Society Bulletin 25: 227-234.
    • (1997) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 227-234
    • Stromayer, K.A.K.1    Warren, R.J.2
  • 40
    • 33748549370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the formation of dense understory layers in forests worldwide: Consequences and implications for forest dynamics, biodiversity, and succession
    • Royo AA, Carson WP (2006) On the formation of dense understory layers in forests worldwide: consequences and implications for forest dynamics, biodiversity, and succession. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 1345-1362.
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.36 , pp. 1345-1362
    • Royo, A.A.1    Carson, W.P.2
  • 41
    • 77956873959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring forest herb communities through landscape level deer herd reductions: Is recovery limited by legacy effects?
    • Royo AA, Stout SL, deCalesta DS, Pierson TG (2010) Restoring forest herb communities through landscape level deer herd reductions: Is recovery limited by legacy effects? Biological Conservation 143: 2425-2434.
    • (2010) Biological Conservation , vol.143 , pp. 2425-2434
    • Royo, A.A.1    Stout, S.L.2    DeCalesta, D.S.3    Pierson, T.G.4
  • 42
    • 70349682588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape-level vegetation recovery from herbivory: Progress after four decades of invasive red deer control
    • Tanentzap AJ, Burrows LE, Lee WG, Nugent G, Maxwell JM, et al. (2009) Landscape-level vegetation recovery from herbivory: progress after four decades of invasive red deer control. Journal of Applied Ecology 46: 1064-1072.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.46 , pp. 1064-1072
    • Tanentzap, A.J.1    Burrows, L.E.2    Lee, W.G.3    Nugent, G.4    Maxwell, J.M.5
  • 43
    • 77954951678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow responses of understory plants of maple-dominated forests to white-tailed deer experimental exclusion
    • Collard A, Lapointea L, Ouelletb J-P, Crêtec M, Lussierd A, et al. (2010) Slow responses of understory plants of maple-dominated forests to white-tailed deer experimental exclusion. Forest Ecology and Management 260: 649-662.
    • (2010) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.260 , pp. 649-662
    • Collard, A.1    Lapointea, L.2    Ouelletb, J.-P.3    Crêtec, M.4    Lussierd, A.5
  • 44
    • 77953523656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of growth form and carbohydrate reserves on tolerance to simulated deer herbivory and subsequent recovery in Liliaceae
    • Lapointe L, Bussières J, Crête M, Ouellet J-P (2010) Impact of growth form and carbohydrate reserves on tolerance to simulated deer herbivory and subsequent recovery in Liliaceae. American Journal of Botany 97: 913-924.
    • (2010) American Journal of Botany , vol.97 , pp. 913-924
    • Lapointe, L.1    Bussières, J.2    Crête, M.3    Ouellet, J.-P.4
  • 45
    • 70450235205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paying the extinction debt: The increasing influence of patch size and landscape factors on vegetation community composition and dynamics in Southern Wisconsin upland forests
    • Rogers DA, Rooney TP, Hawbaker TJ, Radeloff VC, Waller DM (2009) Paying the extinction debt: The increasing influence of patch size and landscape factors on vegetation community composition and dynamics in southern Wisconsin upland forests. Conservation Biology 23: 1497-1506.
    • (2009) Conservation Biology , vol.23 , pp. 1497-1506
    • Rogers, D.A.1    Rooney, T.P.2    Hawbaker, T.J.3    Radeloff, V.C.4    Waller, D.M.5
  • 46
    • 0031424289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species loss over sixty six years in the ground-layer vegetation of Heart's Content, an old growth forest in Pennsylvania, USA
    • Rooney TP, Dress WJ (1997) Species loss over sixty six years in the ground-layer vegetation of Heart's Content, an old growth forest in Pennsylvania, USA. Natural Areas Journal 17: 297-305.
    • (1997) Natural Areas Journal , vol.17 , pp. 297-305
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Dress, W.J.2
  • 50
    • 0034882155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of white-tailed deer to forest ecosystems: A North American perspective
    • Rooney TP (2001) Impacts of white-tailed deer to forest ecosystems: a North American perspective. Forestry 74: 201-208.
    • (2001) Forestry , vol.74 , pp. 201-208
    • Rooney, T.P.1
  • 51
    • 63949086290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High white-tailed deer densities benefit graminoids and contribute to biotic homogenization of forest ground-layer vegetation
    • Rooney TP (2009) High white-tailed deer densities benefit graminoids and contribute to biotic homogenization of forest ground-layer vegetation. Plant Ecology 202: 103-111.
    • (2009) Plant Ecology , vol.202 , pp. 103-111
    • Rooney, T.P.1
  • 52
    • 0028994676 scopus 로고
    • The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in Northern Wisconsin, USA
    • Balgooyen CP, Waller DM (1995) The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of White-tailed Deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin, USA. Natural Areas Journal 15: 308-318.
    • (1995) Natural Areas Journal , vol.15 , pp. 308-318
    • Balgooyen, C.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 55
    • 0035036128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of common forest forbs to measure browsing pressure by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) in Virginia, USA
    • Fletcher JD, McShea WJ, Shipley LA, Shumway D (2001) Use of common forest forbs to measure browsing pressure by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) in Virginia, USA. Natural Areas Journal 21: 172-176.
    • (2001) Natural Areas Journal , vol.21 , pp. 172-176
    • Fletcher, J.D.1    McShea, W.J.2    Shipley, L.A.3    Shumway, D.4
  • 56
    • 0000733128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer populations and the widespread failure of hemlock regeneration in northern forests
    • McShea W, Rappole J, editors. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Inst. Press
    • Alverson WS, Waller DM (1997) Deer populations and the widespread failure of hemlock regeneration in northern forests. In: McShea W, Rappole J, editors. The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Inst. Press. pp. 280-297.
    • (1997) The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management , pp. 280-297
    • Alverson, W.S.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 57
    • 33244497812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A natural experiment on the impact of overabundant deer on forest invertebrates
    • Allombert S, Stockton S, Martin J-L (2005) A natural experiment on the impact of overabundant deer on forest invertebrates. Conservation Biology 19: 1917-1929.
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , pp. 1917-1929
    • Allombert, S.1    Stockton, S.2    Martin, J.-L.3
  • 58
    • 84861378095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large herbivore effects on songbirds in boreal forests: Lessons from deer introduction on Anticosti Island
    • Cardinal E, Martin JL, Côté. SD (2012) Large herbivore effects on songbirds in boreal forests: lessons from deer introduction on Anticosti Island. Ecoscience 19: 38-47.
    • (2012) Ecoscience , vol.19 , pp. 38-47
    • Cardinal, E.1    Martin, J.L.2    Côté, S.D.3
  • 59
    • 0033044181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moose, trees, and ground-living invertebrates: Indirect interactions in Sweedish pine forests
    • Suominen O, Danell K, Bergstrom R (1999) Moose, trees, and ground-living invertebrates: indirect interactions in Sweedish pine forests. Oikos 84: 215-226.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.84 , pp. 215-226
    • Suominen, O.1    Danell, K.2    Bergstrom, R.3
  • 61
    • 84857463267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in a changing world
    • McShea WJ (2012) Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in a changing world. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: 45-56.
    • (2012) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , pp. 45-56
    • McShea, W.J.1
  • 62
    • 77952745894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top-down and bottom-up consequences of unchecked ungulate browsing on plan and animal diversity in temperate forests: Lessons from a deer introduction
    • Martin JL, Stockton SA, Allomber S, Gaston AJ (2010) Top-down and bottom-up consequences of unchecked ungulate browsing on plan and animal diversity in temperate forests: lessons from a deer introduction. Biological Invasions: 353-371.
    • (2010) Biological Invasions , pp. 353-371
    • Martin, J.L.1    Stockton, S.A.2    Allomber, S.3    Gaston, A.J.4
  • 63
    • 84921377288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term consequences of invasive deer on songbird communities: Going from bad to worse?
    • Chollet S, Bergman C, Gaston AJ, Martin JL (2014) Long-term consequences of invasive deer on songbird communities: Going from bad to worse? Biological Invasions: doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0768-0.
    • (2014) Biological Invasions
    • Chollet, S.1    Bergman, C.2    Gaston, A.J.3    Martin, J.L.4
  • 64
    • 84875065856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declining woodland birds in North America: Should we blame Bambi?
    • Chollet S, Martin JL (2013) Declining woodland birds in North America: Should we blame Bambi? Diversity and Distributions 19: 481-483.
    • (2013) Diversity and Distributions , vol.19 , pp. 481-483
    • Chollet, S.1    Martin, J.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.