Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation for abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal surgery: A systematic review

Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 737-752

  Arnold, Amy ^a   Aitchison, Lucy P ^c   Abbott, Jason ^b  

^a ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN   (Australia)

^b Department of Gynaecological Surgery ^*  (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bowel preparation; Gynaecology; Laparoscopy; Surgery

Indexed keywords

ENEMA; LAXATIVE;

ABDOMINAL ABSCESS; ABDOMINAL SURGERY; ANASTOMOSIS LEAKAGE; COCHRANE LIBRARY; EMBASE; GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY; HUMAN; INTESTINE PREPARATION; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LENGTH OF STAY; MECHANICAL BOWEL PREPARATION; MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS; MEDLINE; OPERATION DURATION; PERITONITIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEPSIS; SURGICAL INFECTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VAGINAL SURGERY; ADULT; ELECTIVE SURGERY; FEMALE; LAPAROSCOPY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PROCEDURES; STOMACH JUICE; SURGERY; VAGINA;

ADULT; ANASTOMOTIC LEAK; CATHARTICS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SURGICAL PROCEDURES; ELECTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL CONTENTS; GYNECOLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HUMANS; LAPAROSCOPY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PREOPERATIVE CARE; VAGINA;

EID: 84938524216     PISSN: 15534650     EISSN: 15534669     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.04.003     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Stearns MW Jr, Schottenfeld D. Techniques for the surgical management of colon cancer. Cancer. 1971;28:165-169.
2. Nichols RL, Condon RE. Preoperative preparation of the colon. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1971;132:323-337.
3. Nichols RL, Gorbach SL, Condon RE. Alteration of intestinal microflora following preoperative mechanical preparation of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum. 1971;14:123-127.
4. Muzii L, Angioli R, Zullo M, et al. Bowel preparation for gynecological surgery. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2003;48:311-315.
5. Jung B, Lannerstad O, Pahlman L, et al. Preoperative mechanical preparation of the colon: the patient's experience. BMC Surg. 2007;7:5.
6. Lijoi D, Ferrero S, Mistrangelo E, et al. Bowel preparation before laparoscopic gynaecological surgery in benign conditions using a 1-week low fibre diet: a surgeon blind, randomized and controlled trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;280:713-718.
7. Won H, Maley P, Salim S, et al. Surgical and patient outcomes using mechanical bowel preparation before laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121: 538-546.
8. Ezri T, Lerner E, Muggia-Sullam M, et al. Phosphate salt bowel preparation regimens alter perioperative acid-base and electrolyte balance. Can J Anaesth. 2006;53:153-158.
9. Keighley MR. A clinical and physiological evaluation of bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. World J Surg. 1982;6:464-470.
10. Ambrose NS, Keighley MR. Physiological consequences of orthograde lavage bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: a review. J R Soc Med. 1983;76:767-771.
11. Okada M, Bothin C, Kanazawa K, et al. Experimental study of the influence of intestinal flora on the healing of intestinal anastomoses. Br J Surg. 1999;86:961-965.
12. Barker P, Trotter T, Hanning C. A study of the effect of Picolax on body weight, cardiovascular variables and haemoglobin concentration. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1992;74:318-319.
13. Yoshioka K, Connolly AB, Ogunbiyi OA, et al. Randomized trial of oral sodium phosphate compared with oral sodium picosulphate (Picolax) for elective colorectal surgery and colonoscopy. Dig Surg. 2000;17: 66-70.
14. Guenaga KF, Matos D, Wille-Jorgensen P. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;CD001544.
15. Businger A, Grunder G, Guenin M-O, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation and antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery in Switzerlandda survey. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2011;396:107-113.
16. Drummond RJ, McKenna RM, Wright DM. Current practice in bowel preparation for colorectal surgery: a survey of the members of the Association of Coloproctology of GB, Ireland. Colorectal Dis. 2011;13: 708-710.
17. Zmora O, Wexner SD, Hajjar L, et al. Trends in preparation for colorectal surgery: survey of the members of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Am Surg. 2003;69:150-154.
18. Wells T, Plante M, McAlpine JN. Preoperative bowel preparation in gynecologic oncology: a review of practice patterns and an impetus to change. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011;21:1135-1142.
19. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8:336-341.
20. Reddy BS, Macfie J, Gatt M, et al. Randomized clinical trial of effect of synbiotics, neomycin and mechanical bowel preparation on intestinal barrier function in patients undergoing colectomy. Br J Surg. 2007; 94:546-554.
21. Sasaki J, Matsumoto S, Kan H, et al. Objective assessment of postoperative gastrointestinal motility in elective colonic resection using a radiopaque marker provides an evidence for the abandonment of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation. J Nippon Med Sch. 2012; 79:259-266.
22. Kale TI, Kuzu MA, Tekeli A, et al. Aggressive bowel preparation does not enhance bacterial translocation, provided the mucosal barrier is not disrupted: a prospective, randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998; 41:636-641.
23. Watanabe M, Murakami M, Nakao K, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the influence of mechanical bowel preparation on faecal microflora in patients undergoing colonic cancer resection. Br J Surg. 2010;97: 1791-1797.
24. Bucher P, Gervaz P, Egger JF, et al. Morphologic alterations associated with mechanical bowel preparation before elective colorectal surgery: a randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49:109-112.
25. Jung B, Matthiessen P, Smedh K, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation does not affect the intramucosal bacterial colony count. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010;25:439-442.
26. Mardini S, Chen HC, Salgado CJ, et al. Bowel preparation before microvascular free colon transfer for head and neck reconstruction: is it necessary? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113:1916-1922.
27. Ahmad M, Abbas S, Asghar MI. Is mechanical bowel preparation really necessary in colorectal surgery? J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003;13: 637-639.
28. Vlot EA, Zeebregts CJ, Gerritsen JJ, et al. Anterior resection of rectal cancer without bowel preparation and diverting stoma. Surg Today. 2005;35:629-633.
29. Jansen JO, O'Kelly TJ, Krukowski ZH, et al. Right hemicolectomy: mechanical bowel preparation is not required. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 2002; 47:557-560.
30. Harris LJ, Moudgill N, Hager E, et al. Incidence of anastomotic leak in patients undergoing elective colon resection without mechanical bowel preparation: our updated experience and two-year review. Am Surg. 2009;75:828-833.
31. Irving AD, Scrimgeour D. Mechanical bowel preparation for colonic resection and anastomosis. Br J Surg. 1987;74:580-581.
32. Ciga M, Oteiza F, Fernandez L, et al. Comparative study of one-stage colectomy of the descending colon in emergency and elective surgery without mechanical preparation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53: 1524-1529.
33. Van Geldere D, Fa-Si-Oen P, Noach LA, et al. Complications after colorectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:40-47.
34. Lins-Neto MA, Leao MJ, Alves EC, et al. Colon mechanical preparation is necessary as routine in medical care? Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2012; 25:25-28.
35. Duthie GS, Foster ME, Price-Thomas JM, et al. Bowel preparation or not for elective colorectal surgery. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1990;35: 169-171.
36. Eskicioglu C, Gagliardi A, Fenech DS, et al. Can a tailored knowledge translation strategy improve short term outcomes? A pilot study to increase compliance with bowel preparation recommendations in general surgery. Surgery. 2011;150:68-74.
37. Barker K, Graham NG, Mason MC, et al. The relative significance of preoperative oral antibiotics, mechanical bowel preparation, and preoperative peritoneal contamination in the avoidance of sepsis after radical surgery for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large bowel. Br J Surg. 1971;58:270-273.
38. Le TH, Timmcke AE, Gathright JB Jr, et al. Outpatient bowel preparation for elective colon resection. South Med J. 1997;90:526-530.
39. O'Connell JR, Johnson DE, Rather J, et al. Rapid preoperative bowel preparation for patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Urology. 1983;21:245-247.
40. Santos JC Jr, Batista J, Sirimarco MT, et al. Prospective randomized trial of mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 1994;81:1673-1676.
41. Casperson KJ, Fronczak CM, Siparsky G, et al. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections after bladder surgery: is mechanical bowel preparation necessary? J Urol. 2011;186:1571-1575.
42. Smith JT, Smith MS. Does a preoperative bowel preparation reduce bowel morbidity and length of stay after scoliosis surgery? A randomized prospective study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2013;33:e69-e71.
43. Tahirkheli MUIS, Iqbal RA. Anastomotic leak in preparated versus unprepared bowel. Gomal J Med Sci. 2013;11:5.
44. Arumainayagam N, McGrath J, Jefferson KP, et al. Introduction of an enhanced recovery protocol for radical cystectomy. BJU Int. 2008; 101:698-701.
45. Arnspiger RC, Helling TS. An evaluation of results of colon anastomosis in prepared and unprepared bowel. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1988; 10:638-641.
46. Brownson PJ, Nott D, Ellenbogen S. Mechanical bowel preparation before colorectal surgery: results of a prospective randomised trial. Br J Surg. 1992;79:2.
47. Burke P, Mealy KG, Traynor O, et al. Anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery: is bowel preparation still relevant? Int J Colorectal Dis. 1993;8:239.
48. Zmora O, Mahajna A, Bar-Zakai B, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation mandatory for left-sided colonic anastomosis? Results of a prospective randomized trial. Tech Coloproctol. 2006;10:131-135.
49. Van't Sant HP, Slieker JC, Hop WCJ, et al. The influence of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colorectal surgery for diverticulitis. Tech Coloproctol. 2012;16:309-314.
50. van't Sant HP, Weidema WF, Hop WC, et al. Evaluation of morbidity and mortality after anastomotic leakage following elective colorectal surgery in patients treated with or without mechanical bowel preparation. Am J Surg. 2011;202:321-324.
51. Van't Sant HP,Weidema WF, Hop WCJ, et al. The influence of mechanical bowel preparation in elective lower colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2010;251:59-63.
52. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, et al. GRADE Working Group. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Br Med J. 2004;328:1490.
53. Dindo DDN, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications. Ann Surg. 2004;240:9.
54. Ballard AC, Parker-Autry CY, Markland AD, et al. Bowel preparation before vaginal prolapse surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:232-238.
55. Siedhoff MT, Clark LH, Hobbs KA, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation before laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:562-567.
56. Hashad MM, Atta M, Elabbady A, et al. Safety of no bowel preparation before ileal urinary diversion. BJU Int. 2012;110:E1109-E1113.
57. Bretagnol F, Panis Y, Rullier E, et al. Rectal cancer surgery with or without bowel preparation: the French GRECCAR III multicenter single-blinded randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2010;252:863-868.
58. Xu R, Zhao X, Zhong Z, et al. No advantage is gained by preoperative bowel preparation in radical cystectomy and ileal conduit: a randomized controlled trial of 86 patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2010;42:947-950.
59. Scabini S, Rimini E, Romairone E, et al. Colon and rectal surgery for cancer without mechanical bowel preparation: one-center randomized prospective trial. World J Surg Oncol. 2010;8:35.
60. Balbaa MASH, El-Sisy A, Abdel-Latif M, Zeid N. Non mechanical bowel preparation for elective left sided colorectal cancer surgery. Egypt J Surg. 2010;29:5.
61. Contant CM, Hop WC, van't Sant HP, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;370:2112-2117.
62. Pena-Soria MJ, Mayol JM, Anula R, et al. Single-blinded randomized trial of mechanical bowel preparation for colon surgery with primary intraperitoneal anastomosis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:2103-2108. discussion 2108-2109.
63. Jung B, Pahlman L, Nystrom PO, et al. Multicentre randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation in elective colonic resection. Br J Surg. 2007;94:689-695.
64. Muzii L, Bellati F, Zullo MA, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation before gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:689-693.
65. Ram E, Sherman Y, Weil R, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation mandatory for elective colon surgery? A prospective randomized study. Arch Surg. 2005;140:285-288.
66. Bucher P, Gervaz P, Soravia C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of mechanical bowel preparation versus no preparation before elective leftsided colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2005;92:409-414.
67. Fa-Si-Oen P, Roumen R, Buitenweg J, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation or not? Outcome of a multicenter, randomized trial in elective open colon surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1509-1516.
68. Terzi C, Canda AE, Unek T, et al. What is the role of mechanical bowel preparation in patients with pilonidal sinus undergoing surgery? Prospective, randomized, surgeon-blinded trial. World J Surg. 2005;29: 1465-1471.
69. Zmora O, Mahajna A, Bar-Zakai B, et al. Colon and rectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg. 2003;237:363-367.
70. Miettinen RP, Laitinen ST, Makela JT, et al. Bowel preparation with oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution vs. no preparation in elective open colorectal surgery: prospective, randomized study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:669-675. discussion 675-667.
71. Burke P, Mealy K, Gillen P, et al. Requirement for bowel preparation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 1994;81:907-910.
72. Kolovrat M, Busic Z, Lovric Z, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation in colorectal surgery. Coll Antropol. 2012;36:1343-1346.
73. Tabibi A, Simforoosh N, Basiri A, et al. Bowel preparation versus no preparation before ileal urinary diversion. Urology. 2007;70:654-658.
74. Mahajna A, Krausz M, Rosin D, et al. Bowel preparation is associated with spillage of bowel contents in colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:1626-1631.
75. Otchy DP, Crosby ME, Trickey AW. Colectomy without mechanical bowel preparation in the private practice setting. Tech Coloproctol. 2014;18:45-51.
76. Sugihara T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, et al. Does mechanical bowel preparation improve quality of laparoscopic nephrectomy? Propensity score-matched analysis in Japanese series. Urology. 2013;81:74-79.
77. Sugihara T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy beneficial? An analysis of a Japanese national database. BJU Int. 2013;112:E76-E81.
78. Kim EK, Sheetz KH, Bonn J, et al. A statewide colectomy experience: the role of full bowel preparation in preventing surgical site infection. Ann Surg. 2014;259:310-314.
79. Sugihara T, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, et al. Does mechanical bowel preparation ameliorate damage from rectal injury in radical prostatectomy? Analysis of 151 rectal injury cases. Int J Urol. 2014;21: 566-570.
80. Large MC, Kiriluk KJ, DeCastro GJ, et al. The impact of mechanical bowel preparation on postoperative complications for patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion. J Urol. 2012;188:1801-1805.
81. Nicholson GA, Finlay IG, Diament RH, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation does not influence outcomes following colonic cancer resection. Br J Surg. 2011;98:866-871.
82. Lavu H, Kennedy EP, Mazo R, et al. Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation does not offer a benefit for patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surgery. 2010;148:278-284.
83. Pitot D, Bouazza E, Chamlou R, et al. Elective colorectal surgery without bowel preparation: a historical control and case-matched study. Acta Chir Belg. 2009;109:52-55.
84. Howard DD, White CQ, Harden TR, et al. Incidence of surgical site infections postcolorectal resections without preoperative mechanical or antibiotic bowel preparation. Am Surg. 2009;75:659-663. discussion 663-654.
85. Bretagnol F, Alves A, Ricci A, et al. Rectal cancer surgery without mechanical bowel preparation. Br J Surg. 2007;94:1266-1271.
86. Zmora O, Lebedyev A, Hoffman A, et al. Laparoscopic colectomy without mechanical bowel preparation. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2006;21: 683-687.
87. Yamazaki K, Takeo S, MaeharaY. Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation unnecessary in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;52:407-410.
88. Shafii M, Murphy DM, Donovan MG, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation necessary in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion? BJU Int. 2002;89:879-881.
89. Memon MA, Devine J, Freeney J, et al. Is mechanical bowel preparation really necessary for elective left sided colon and rectal surgery? Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12:298-302.
90. Yang LC, Arden D, Lee TT, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation for gynecologic laparoscopy: a prospective randomized trial of oral sodium phosphate solution vs single sodium phosphate enema. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2011;18:149-156.
91. Moral MAA, Junca JB, Lopez LM, et al. A prospective randomised, controlled study on the need to mechanically prepare the colon in scheduled colorectal surgery. Cirurg Espanola. 2009;85:6.
92. Platell C, Barwood N, Makin G. Randomized clinical trial of bowel preparation with a single phosphate enema or polyethylene glycol before elective colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2006;93:427-433.
93. Veenhof AA, Sietses C, Giannakopoulos GF, et al. Preoperative polyethylene glycol versus a single enema in elective bowel surgery. Dig Surg. 2007;24:54-57. discussion 57-58.
94. Raynor MC, Lavien G, Nielsen M, et al. Elimination of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion. Urol Oncol. 2013;31:32-35.
95. Collin A, Jung B, Nilsson E, et al. Impact of mechanical bowel preparation on survival after colonic cancer resection. Br J Surg. 2014;101: 1594-1600.
96. Carter J. Fast-track surgery in gynaecology and gynaecologic oncology: a review of a rolling clinical audit. ISRN Surg. 2012;2012:368014.