Pregnancy as a window to future health: Excessive gestational weight gain and obesity

Seminars in Perinatology

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 296-303

  Gilmore, L Anne ^a   Klempel Donchenko, Monica ^a   Redman, Leanne M ^a  

^a PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Adiposity; Diabetes; Food intake; Pregnancy; Visceral fat

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN; WATER;

ABDOMINAL FAT; ABDOMINAL OBESITY; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; BONE MINERAL; CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; EXCESSIVE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN; FAT FREE MASS; FAT MASS; FEMALE; FETAL HEALTH; FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HEALTH; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LIPID STORAGE; MATERNAL WELFARE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PHENOTYPE; POSTPARTUM WEIGHT RETENTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY DIABETES MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TOTAL BODY WATER; WEIGHT GAIN; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; DIABETES, GESTATIONAL; DIRECTIVE COUNSELING; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROCEDURES; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES, GESTATIONAL; DIRECTIVE COUNSELING; FEMALE; HUMANS; OBESITY; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84937969475     PISSN: 01460005     EISSN: 1558075X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.05.009     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Gender, Health, and Popular Culture 2011, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Canda. C. Warsh (Ed.).
2. IOM, Sciences NAO. Nutrition During Pregnancy: Part I: Weight Gain, Part II: Nutrient Supplements: Institute of Medicine (US), National Research Council (US), National Academy of Engineering (US), and National Academy of Sciences (US), Committee on Nutrition Status During Pregnancy and Lactation; 1990.
3. IOM. Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexaming the Guidelines: Institute of Medicine (US), National Research Council (US), Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines; 2009.
4. WHO. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation; 2000. 0512-3054 (Print) 0512-3054 (Linking).
5. Viswanathan M., Siega-Riz A.M., Moos M.K., et al. Outcomes of maternal weight gain. Evid Rep Technol Assess 2008, 168:1-223.
6. Gore S.A., Brown D.M., West D.S. The role of postpartum weight retention in obesity among women: a review of the evidence. Ann Behav Med 2003, 26(2):149-159.
7. Rooney B.L., Schauberger C.W. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later. Obstet Gynecol 2002, 100(2):245-252.
8. Cohen A.K., Chaffee B.W., Rehkopf D.H., Coyle J.R., Abrams B. Excessive gestational weight gain over multiple pregnancies and the prevalence of obesity at age 40. Int J Obes 2014, 38(5):714-718.
9. Keppel K.G., Taffel S.M. Pregnancy-related weight gain and retention: implications of the 1990 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Am J Public Health 1993, 83(8):1100-1103.
10. Beyerlein A., Lack N., von Kries R. Within-population average ranges compared with Institute of Medicine recommendations for gestational weight gain. Obstet Gynecol 2010, 116(5):1111-1118.
11. Frederick I.O., Williams M.A., Sales A.E., Martin D.P., Killien M. Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and other maternal characteristics in relation to infant birth weight. Matern Child Health J 2008, 12(5):557-567.
12. Whitaker R.C. Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: the role of maternal obesity in early pregnancy. Pediatrics 2004, 114(1):e29-e36.
13. Kinnunen T.I., Luoto R., Gissler M., Hemminki E. Pregnancy weight gain from 1960s to 2000 in Finland. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003, 27(12):1572-1577.
14. DHHS, CDC. Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance 2009 Report: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2011.
15. Larciprete G., Valensise H., Vasapollo B., et al. Body composition during normal pregnancy: reference ranges. Acta Diabetol 2003, 40(Suppl 1):S225-S232.
16. Despres J.P. Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome. Ann Med 2006, 38(1):52-63.
17. Takahashi K., Ohkuchi A., Furukawa R., Matsubara S., Suzuki M. Establishing measurements of subcutaneous and visceral fat area ratio in the early second trimester by magnetic resonance imaging in obese pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014, 40(5):1304-1307.
18. Butte N.F., Wong W.W., Treuth M.S., Ellis K.J., O'Brian Smith E. Energy requirements during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79(6):1078-1087.
19. Lederman S.A., Paxton A., Heymsfield S.B., Wang J., Thornton J., Pierson R.N. Body fat and water changes during pregnancy in women with different body weight and weight gain. Obstet Gynecol 1997, 90(4 Pt 1):483-488.
20. Ellis K.J., Shypailo R.J. Whole body potassium measurements independent of body size. Basic Life Sci 1993, 60:371-375.
21. Boddy K., King P.C., Hume R., Weyers E. The relation of total body potassium to height, weight, and age in normal adults. J Clin Pathol 1972, 25(6):512-517.
22. Beshyah S.A., Freemantle C., Thomas E., Johnston D.G. Comparison of measurements of body composition by total body potassium, bioimpedance analysis, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in hypopituitary adults before and during growth hormone treatment. Am J Clin Nutr 1995, 61(6):1186-1194.
23. Hytten F.E., Leitch I. The Physiology of Human Pregnancy 1980, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2nd ed.
24. Luke B., Hediger M.L., Scholl T.O. Point of diminishing returns: when does gestational weight gain cease benefiting birthweight and begin adding to maternal obesity?. J Matern Fetal Med 1996, 5(4):168-173.
25. Sohlstrom A., Wahlund L.O., Forsum E. Total body fat and its distribution during human reproduction as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Basic Life Sci 1993, 60:181-184.
26. Ehrenberg H.M., Huston-Presley L., Catalano P.M. The influence of obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus on accretion and the distribution of adipose tissue in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003, 189(4):944-948.
27. Kinoshita T., Itoh M. Longitudinal variance of fat mass deposition during pregnancy evaluated by ultrasonography: the ratio of visceral fat to subcutaneous fat in the abdomen. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2006, 61(2):115-118.
28. Martin A.M., Berger H., Nisenbaum R., et al. Abdominal visceral adiposity in the first trimester predicts glucose intolerance in later pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(7):1308-1310.
29. Cisneiros R.M., Dutra L.P., Silveira F.J., et al. Visceral adiposity in the first half of pregnancy predicts newborn weight among adolescent mothers. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2013, 35(8):704-709.
30. Luoto R., Mannisto S., Raitanen J. Ten-year change in the association between obesity and parity: results from the National FINRISK Population Study. Gend Med 2011, 8(6):399-406.
31. Knabl J., Riedel C., Gmach J., et al. Prediction of excessive gestational weight gain from week-specific cutoff values: a cohort study. J Perinatol 2014, 34(5):351-356.
32. Tomedi L.E., Simhan H.N., Chang C.C., McTigue K.M., Bodnar L.M. Gestational weight gain, early pregnancy maternal adiposity distribution, and maternal hyperglycemia. Matern Child Health J 2014, 18(5):1265-1270.
33. Thomas D.M., Navarro-Barrientos J.E., Rivera D.E., et al. Dynamic energy-balance model predicting gestational weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr 2012, 95(1):115-122.
34. Swinburn B., Sacks G., Ravussin E. Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 90(6):1453-1456.
35. Tataranni P.A., Harper I.T., Snitker S., et al. Body weight gain in free-living Pima Indians: effect of energy intake vs expenditure. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003, 27(12):1578-1583.
36. Hill R.J., Davies P.S. The validity of self-reported energy intake as determined using the doubly labelled water technique. Br J Nutr 2001, 85(4):415-430.
37. Trabulsi J., Schoeller D.A. Evaluation of dietary assessment instruments against doubly labeled water, a biomarker of habitual energy intake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001, 281(5):E891-E899.
38. Melzer K., Schutz Y., Boulvain M., Kayser B. Pregnancy-related changes in activity energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate in Switzerland. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009, 63(10):1185-1191.
39. Davis E.M., Stange K.C., Horwitz R.I. Childbearing, stress and obesity disparities in women: a public health perspective. Matern Child Health J 2012, 16(1):109-118.
40. Mamun A.A., Kinarivala M., O'Callaghan M.J., Williams G.M., Najman J.M., Callaway L.K. Associations of excess weight gain during pregnancy with long-term maternal overweight and obesity: evidence from 21 y postpartum follow-up. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 91(5):1336-1341.
41. Linne Y., Neovius M. Identification of women at risk of adverse weight development following pregnancy. Int J Obes 2006, 30(8):1234-1239.
42. Amorim A.R., Rossner S., Neovius M., Lourenco P.M., Linne Y. Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI?. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007, 15(5):1278-1286.
43. Gunderson E.P., Abrams B. Epidemiology of gestational weight gain and body weight changes after pregnancy. Epidemiol Rev 2000, 22(2):261-274.
44. Nehring I., Schmoll S., Beyerlein A., Hauner H., von Kries R. Gestational weight gain and long-term postpartum weight retention: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2011, 94(5):1225-1231.
45. Maddah M., Nikooyeh B. Weight retention from early pregnancy to three years postpartum: a study in Iranian women. Midwifery 2009, 25(6):731-737.
46. Olson C.M., Strawderman M.S., Hinton P.S., Pearson T.A. Gestational weight gain and postpartum behaviors associated with weight change from early pregnancy to 1 y postpartum. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003, 27(1):117-127.
47. Gunderson E.P., Abrams B., Selvin S. Does the pattern of postpartum weight change differ according to pregravid body size?. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001, 25(6):853-862.
48. Mamun A.A., O'Callaghan M.J., Williams G.M., Najman J.M. Change in maternal body mass index is associated with offspring body mass index: a 21-year prospective study. Eur J Nutr 2013, 52(6):1597-1606.
49. Cho G.J., Yoon H.J., Kim E.J., Oh M.J., Seo H.S., Kim H.J. Postpartum changes in body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011, 19(12):2425-2428.
50. McClure C.K., Catov J.M., Ness R., Bodnar L.M. Associations between gestational weight gain and BMI, abdominal adiposity, and traditional measures of cardiometabolic risk in mothers 8 y postpartum. Am J Clin Nutr 2013, 98(5):1218-1225.
51. Gunderson E.P., Sternfeld B., Wellons M.F., et al. Childbearing may increase visceral adipose tissue independent of overall increase in body fat. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008, 16(5):1078-1084.
52. Smith D.E., Lewis C.E., Caveny J.L., Perkins L.L., Burke G.L., Bild D.E. Longitudinal changes in adiposity associated with pregnancy. The CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. J Am Med Assoc 1994, 271(22):1747-1751.
53. Lederman S.A. Influence of lactation on body weight regulation. Nutr Rev 2004, 62(7 Pt 2):S112-S119.
54. McClure C.K., Schwarz E.B., Conroy M.B., Tepper P.G., Janssen I., Sutton-Tyrrell K.C. Breastfeeding and subsequent maternal visceral adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011, 19(11):2205-2213.
55. Gur E.B., Genc M., Eskicioglu F., Kurtulmus S., Guclu S. Ultrasonographic visceral fat thickness measurement may be a good scan test for prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014, 11:1-2.
56. Bellamy L., Casas J.P., Hingorani A.D., Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2009, 373(9677):1773-1779.
57. Lee A.J., Hiscock R.J., Wein P., Walker S.P., Permezel M. Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis. Diabetes Care 2007, 30(4):878-883.
58. Inturrisi M., Lintner N.C., Sorem K.A. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2011, 40(4):703-726.
59. Harville E.W., Juonala M., Viikari J.S., Raitakari O.T. Preconception metabolic indicators predict gestational diabetes and offspring birthweight. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014, 9:1-5.
60. Liu Z., Ao D., Yang H., Wang Y. Gestational weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese women. Chin Med J 2014, 127(7):1255-1260.
61. Ferrara A., Kahn H.S., Quesenberry C.P., Riley C., Hedderson M.M. An increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: Northern California, 1991-2000. Obstet Gynecol 2004, 103(3):526-533.
62. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012, 35(Suppl 1):S64-S71.
63. DeSisto C.L., Kim S.Y., Sharma A.J. Prevalence estimates of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2007-2010. Prev Chronic Dis 2014, 11:E104.
64. Verma A., Boney C.M., Tucker R., Vohr B.R. Insulin resistance syndrome in women with prior history of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87(7):3227-3235.
65. Lauenborg J., Mathiesen E., Hansen T., et al. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a danish population of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus is three-fold higher than in the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90(7):4004-4010.
66. Kaur J. A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome. Cardiol Res Pract 2014, 2014:943162.
67. Puhkala J., Kinnunen T.I., Vasankari T., Kukkonen-Harjula K., Raitanen J., Luoto R. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome one year after delivery in Finnish women at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. J Pregnancy 2013, 2013:139049.
68. Harper L.M., Tita A., Biggio J.R. The Institute of Medicine Guidelines for Gestational Weight Gain after a diagnosis of gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Perinatol 2015, 32(3):239-246.
69. Scifres C.M., Catov J.M., Simhan H.N. The impact of maternal obesity and gestational weight gain on early and mid-pregnancy lipid profiles. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014, 22(3):932-938.
70. Berggren E.K., Stuebe A.M., Boggess K.A. Excess maternal weight gain and large for gestational age risk among women with gestational diabetes. Am J Perinatol 2015, 32(3):251-6.
71. Johnsson I.W., Haglund B., Ahlsson F., Gustafsson J. A high birth weight is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Pediatr Obes 2015, 10(2):77-83.
72. Catalano P.M., McIntyre H.D., Cruickshank J.K., et al. The hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome study: associations of GDM and obesity with pregnancy outcomes. Diabetes Care 2012, 35(4):780-786.
73. Dabelea D., Knowler W.C., Pettitt D.J. Effect of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring: follow-up research in the Pima Indians. J Matern Fetal Med 2000, 9(1):83-88.
74. Keely E.J., Malcolm J.C., Hadjiyannakis S., Gaboury I., Lough G., Lawson M.L. Prevalence of metabolic markers of insulin resistance in offspring of gestational diabetes pregnancies. Pediatr Diabetes 2008, 9(1):53-59.
75. Boney C.M., Verma A., Tucker R., Vohr B.R. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 2005, 115(3):e290-e296.