The new industrial state

The New Industrial State

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 1-518

  Galbraith, John Kenneth ^a   Galbraith, James K ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937947230     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (197)

1. John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State, 3d ed. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), 125
2. George Akerlof and Paul Romer, "Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit," in Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1993:2
3. William K. Black, The Best Way to Rob a Bank Is to Own One(Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005).
4. "Professor Galbraith's 'New Industrial State.'" Fortune (July 1967).
5. "The New Industrial State or Son of Affluence." The Public Interest, No. 9 (Fall 1967), p. 100
6. "The Close of the Galbraithian System." Journal of Political Economy, No. 4, pt. I (July-August 1968).
7. The Next American Frontier (New York: Times Books, 1983).
8. William N. Leonard, "Mergers, Industrial Concentration, and Antitrust Policy," Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. X, No. 2 (June 1976), p. 356.
9. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 187.
10. Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1969 (United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics), Bulletin No. 1630, p. 351;
11. Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1976 (United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics), Bulletin No. 1905, p. 297.
12. Do You Know Your Economic ABC's? Profits and the American Economy, United States Department of Commerce, 1965.
13. Allan Nevins, Ford: The Times, The Man, The Company (New York: Scribner, 1954), p. 220
14. Fortune, July 1964.
15. "Was Ford a Fraud?" in The Liberal Hour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), p. 141
16. Garrett Mattingly, The Armada (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1959), p. 80.
17. Robin Marris, The Economic Theory of "Managerial" Capitalism (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964), p. 232.
18. Harold Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, Essentials of Management(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), p. 61.
19. Richard Austin Smith, Corporations in Crisis (New York: Doubleday, 1963), p. 91
20. M. A. Adelman, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-Eighth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to S. Res. 262, Part I. Economic Concentration: Overall and Conglomerate Aspects (1964), p. 228.
21. Carl Kaysen, "The Corporation: How Much Power? What Scope?" in The Corporation in Modern Society, Edward S. Mason, ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 89.
22. "Market Structure and Innovation: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XIII, No. 1 [March 1975], p. 18.
23. Economic Concentration: Concentration, Invention and Innovation (1965), p. 1164.
24. Economic Report of the President, 1977, pp. 214, 187.
25. Wallace C. Peterson in his 1976 presidential address, "Institutionalism, Keynes, and the Real World," to the Association for Evolutionary Economics. Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XI, No. 2 (June 1977), p. 201
26. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 214.
27. Irwin Friend and Stanley Schor, "Who Saves?" Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. XLI, No. 2, Part 2 (May 1959), p. 239.
28. James S. Duesenberry, Income, Saving and the Theory of Consumer Behavior (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949), p. 28
29. Wilbert E. Moore, The Conduct of the Corporation (New York: Random House, 1962), p. 227.
30. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money (New York: Harcourt, 1936).
31. Economic Report of the president, 1970, p. 218.
32. Economic Report of the president, 1976, p. 192.
33. Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), p. 537.
34. Karl Marx, Capital (New York: Modern Library, 1936), Chapter 32, p. 836.
35. Do You Know Your Economic ABC's? Profits and the American Economy, United States Department of Commerce, 1965, p. 13.
36. Carl Kaysen, "The Corporation: How Much Power? What Scope?" in The Corporation in Modern Society, Edward S. Mason, ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 99.
37. Edward S. Mason, "The Apologetics of Managerialism," Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, Vol. 31, no. 1 (January 1958), p. 1
38. "Comment" in A Survey of Contemporary Economics, Bernard F. Haley, ed., Vol. 2 (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1952), pp. 221-222.
39. Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Power Without Property (New York: Harcourt, 1959), p. 98
40. Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, Vol. 1. The First Crusade (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1951), p. 92.
41. David Ricardo, The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, Picro Sraffa, ed., Vol. 1 (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1951), p. 292.
42. Adam Smith, "Of the Rent of Land," Wealth of Nations, Book 1 (New York: Modern Library, 1937)
43. Alexander Gray, The Development of Economic Doctrine (London: Longmans, 1931), p. 137.
44. Paul E. Holden, Lounsbury S. Fish and Hubert L. Smith, Top Management Organization and Control (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951), p. 59.
45. Justin G. Longnecker, Principles of Management and Organizational Behavior, 3rd ed. (Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, 1973), p. 263.
46. Kenneth J. Arrow, "On the Agenda of Organizations" in The Corporate Society, Robin Marris, ed. (New York: Wiley, 1974), p. 224.
47. William J. Baumol and Maco Stewart, "On the Behavioral Theory of the Firm" in The Corporate Economy, Robin Marris and Adrian Wood, eds. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 139.
48. Henry De Wolf Smyth, Atomic Energy for Military Purposes (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1945).
49. Daniel Bell, has published his important and widely discussed The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (New York: Basic Books, 1973).
50. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 2nd ed. (New York: Harper, 1947), p. 132.
51. Harry G. Guthmann and Herbert E. Dougall, Corporate Financial Policy, 2nd ed. (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948), p. 9.
52. Economic Report of the President, 1977, pp. 218, 224.
53. Research and Development in Industry, 1974 (National Science Foundation, September 1976).
54. Fortune, May 1977, p. 366.
55. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 290.
56. United States Bureau of the Census, Governmental Finances in 1974-1975 (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976), p. 47.
57. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 267.
58. Joe S. Bain, "Changes in Concentration in Manufacturing Industries in the U.S., 1947-1966: Trends and Relationships to the Levels of 1954 Concentration," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LII, No. 4 (November 1970), p. 416.
59. Willard F. Mueller and Larry G. Hamm, "Trends in Industrial Market Concentration, 1947 to 1970," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LVI, No. 4 (November 1974), p. 519.
60. S. J. Prais, "A New Look at the Growth of Industrial Concentration," Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 26, No. 2 (July 1974), p. 273
61. Frederic L. Pryor, "An International Comparison of Concentration Ratios," Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. LIV, No. 2 (May 1972), p. 130
62. Joe S. Bain, "Economies of Scale, Concentration, and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries," American Economic Review, Vol. 44, No. 1 (March 1954), p. 15
63. Adolf A. Berle, Jr., and Gardiner C. Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Macmillan, 1948), pp. 82-83.
64. M. R. Werner and John Starr, Teapot Dome (New York: Viking Press, 1959), pp. 274-275.
65. R. A. Gordon, Business Leadership in the Large Corporation(Washington: Brookings Institution, 1945), Chapter 2, p. 43.
66. Mabel Newcomer, The Big Business Executive (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955)
67. R. J. Larner, "Ownership and Control in the 200 Largest Nonfinancial Corporations, 1929 and 1963," American Economic Review, Vol. 56, No. 4, Part 1 (September 1966), p. 777
68. Management Control and the Large Corporation (New York: Dunellen Publishing Company, Inc., 1970).
69. William G. Shepherd, Market Power and Economic Welfare (New York: Random House, 1970).
70. David Mermelstein, "Large Industrial Corporations and Asset Shares," American Economic Review, Vol. LIX, No. 4, Part I (September 1969), p. 531
71. United States Steel Corporation, Annual Report 1958.
72. H. M. Flagler, John D. Archbold, H. H. Rogers, Charles Pratt, Oliver H. Payne and others. Cf. Allan Nevins, Study in Power: John D. Rockefeller. Vol. 2 (New York: Scribner, 1953)
73. "The American Corporation: Ideology and Reality," Dissent, Vol. XI, No. 3, Summer 1964, p. 323.
74. Peter Drucker has come to similar conclusions in his The Practice of Management (New York: Harper, 1954), pp. 111-120.
75. Fortune (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1956), p. 192.
76. Francis X. Sutton, Seymour E. Harris, Carl Kaysen and James Tobin, The American Business Creed (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 251.
77. Earl F. Cheit in The Business Establishment, Earl F. Cheit, ed. (New York: Wiley, 1964), p. 155.
78. Charles G. Burck, "A Group Profile of the Fortune 500 Chief Executive," Fortune, May 1976, p. 308.
79. "The Alcoholic Executive," Fortune, January 1960, p. 99
80. Mabel Newcomer, The Big Business Executive (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955), p. 93
81. John T. Connor, then President of Merck & Company, in Elliott, Men at the Top, p. 10.
82. C. A. R. Crosland, "The Private and Public Corporation in Great Britain" in The Corporation in Modern Society, Edward S. Mason, ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 268.
83. A. M. F. Palmer, "On Public Accountability," Socialist Commentary, January 1960, p. 13.
84. Elliott J. Berg, "Socialism and Economic Development in Tropical Africa," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. LXXVIII, No. 4 (November 1964), p. 570.
85. Barry M. Richman, Management Development and Education in the Soviet Union (East Lansing, Michigan: M.S.U. International Business Studies, 1967), pp. 80-81.
86. Ely Devons, "The Enigma of the Russian Economic System," The Listener, Vol. LVIII, No. 1483 (August 29, 1957), p. 299.
87. V. S. Nemchinov, "Socialist Economic Management and Production Planning," Kommunist, 1964, No. 5, Myron E. Sharpe, ed. (White Plains, New York: International Arts and Sciences Press, Inc., 1966), pp. 173-174.
88. David Granick's The Red Executive (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1960), p. 162
89. Joseph S. Berliner, Factory and Manager in the USSR (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957), p. 265.
90. David Granick, The Red Executive, p. 205.
91. David Granick, Managerial Comparisons of Four Developed Countries: France, Britain, United States, and Russia (Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1972), p. 51.
92. George J. Stigler, The Theory of Price, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1952), p. 149.
93. Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 133.
94. Theodore Levitt, "The Dangers of Social Responsibility," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 36, No. 5 (September-October 1958), pp. 41-50.
95. Ben W. Lewis, "Economics by Admonition," American Economic Review, Supplement, Vol. XLIX, No. 2 (May 1959), p. 395.
96. David B. McCall, "Profit: Spur for Solving Social Ills," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 51, No. 3 (May-June 1973), p. 52.
97. Wilbert E. Moore, The Conduct of the Corporation (New York: Random House, 1962), p. 13.
98. William Allen White, A Puritan in Babylon (New York: Macmillan, 1938), pp. 337-338.
99. Adolf A. Berle, Jr., and Gardiner C. Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Macmillan, 1948), p. 354.
100. Robin Marris in his important The Economic Theory of "Managerial" Capitalism(New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964), p. 5.
101. The Price System (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1964), p. 42.
102. Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), p. 508.
103. Shorey Peterson, "Corporate Control and Capitalism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. LXXIX, No. 1 (February 1965), p. 14.
104. American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No. 1 (March 1968), p. 240
105. William J. Baumol, Business Behavior, Value and Growth(New York: Macmillan, 1959).
106. Jack Downie, The Competitive Process (London: Duckworth, 1958).
107. Carl Kaysen, "The Social Significance of the Modern Corporation." American Economic Review, Vol. 47, No. 2 (May 1957), p. 311
108. "Another View of Corporate Capitalism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. LXXIX, No. 1 (February 1965), p. 41
109. Eugene V. Rostow in "To Whom and for What Ends are Corporate Managements Responsible?" in The Corporation in Modern Society, p. 60.
110. Chester I. Barnard, The Functions of the Executive (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 73.
111. Herbert A. Simon, Administrative Behavior, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1957), p. 115.
112. James G. March and Herbert A. Simon, Organizations (New York: Wiley, 1958), p. 65.
113. Robert William Fogel's and Stanley L. Engerman's Time on the Cross (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974).
114. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, Book 3 (New York: Modern Library, 1937), Chapter 2, p. 366.
115. Robin Barlow, Harvey E. Brazer and James N. Morgan, Economic Behavior of the Affluent (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1966)
116. Wealth of Nations, Book 3 (New York: Modern Library, 1937), Chapter 2, p. 365.
117. The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 1945, p. 34.
118. Burton H. Klein, Germany's Economic Preparations for War(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 144.
119. National Planning Association (New York: Holt, 1955), p. 179.
120. James G. March and Herbert A. Simon, Organizations (New York: Wiley, 1958), pp. 65-66.
121. William H. Whyte, Jr., concluded that ". . . the average executive spends roughly six of his eight office hours talking with other executives in meetings and conferences, and he would be considered an odd bird indeed if he went out to lunch by himself." The Executive Life, by the Editors of Fortune (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1956), p. 69.
122. George de Mare, Corporate Lives (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1976), p. 123.
123. Harold Koontz and Cyril O'Donnell, Essentials of Management (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), p. 122.
124. R. A. Gordon, Business Leadership in the Large Corporation(Washington: Brookings Institution, 1945), p. 312
125. Mabel Newcomer, The Big Business Executive (New York: Columbia University Press, 1955), p. 121
126. Robin Barlow, Harvey E. Brazer and James N. Morgan, Economic Behavior of the Affluent (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1966).
127. R. A. Gordon, Business Leadership in the Large Corporation (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1945), p. 324.
128. William J. Baumol, in Business Behavior, Value and Growth (New York: Macmillan, 1959), especially pp. 48-53
129. Robin Marris in The Economic Theory of "Managerial" Capitalism (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
130. "The Corporation: How Much Power? What Scope?" in The Corporation in Modern Society, Edward S. Mason, ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 90.
131. Tom Burns, "On the Rationale of the Corporate System" in The Corporate Society, Robin Marris, ed. (New York: Wiley, 1974), p. 131.
132. "Corporate Control and Capitalism," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. LXXIX, No. 1 [February 1965], p. 11
133. R. Joseph Monsen, John S. Chiu and David E. Cooley, "The Effect of Separation of Ownership and Control on the Performance of the Large Firm," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. LXXXII, No. 3 (August 1968), p. 435
134. Robert Dorfman, Prices and Markets, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972), p. 159.
135. Do You Know Your Economic ABC's? Profits and the American Economy, United States Department of Commerce, 1965, p. 13.
136. Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), p. 532.
137. Carl Kaysen and Donald F. Turner, Antitrust Policy: An Economic and Legal Analysis (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 41.
138. Richard Hofstadter, "What Happened to the Antitrust Movement?" in The Business Establishment, Earl F. Cheit, ed. (New York: Wiley, 1964), p. 113
139. John R. Meyer and Edwin Kuh, The Investment Decision (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957).
140. George J. Stigler, The Theory of Price, rev. ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1952), pp. 256-257.
141. Robert Dorfman, Prices and Markets, 2nd ed. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1972), p. 168.
142. Franklin M. Fisher, Zvi Griliches and Carl Kaysen, "The Costs of Automobile Model Changes Since 1949," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 70, No. 5 (October 1962), p. 433
143. Thomas A. Wilson, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. XLIX, No. 4 [November 1967], p. 423
144. Robert Ayanian, "Advertising and Rate of Return," Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. XVIII (2) (October 1975), p. 479
145. Stanley I. Ornstein, "The Advertising-Concentration Controversy," Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 43, No. 1 (July 1976), p. 892
146. Andrew Hacker, "A Country Called Corporate America," The New York Times Magazine, July 3, 1966.
147. Franklin M. Fisher, Zvi Griliches and Carl Kaysen, "The Costs of Automobile Model Changes Since 1949," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. LXX, No. 5 (October 1962), p. 434.
148. A. Samuelson, Economics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), pp. 435-436.
149. Francis X. Sutton, Seymour E. Harris, Carl Kaysen and James Tobin, The American Business Creed (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 361.
150. John R. Meyer and Edwin Kuh, The Investment Decision (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957), p. 204.
151. Economic Report of the President, 1970, p. 198.
152. Economic Report of the President, 1976, p. 192.
153. J. K. Galbraith and G. G. Johnson, The Economic Effects of the Federal Public Works Expenditures, 1933-1938.
154. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 270.
155. Economic Report of the President, 1977, pp. 277-279.
156. Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 10th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976), pp. 820-821.
157. E. Silberman, "The Real News About Automation," Fortune, January 1965.
158. Ben B. Seligman, "Automation and the Unions" in Dissent, Vol. XII, No. 1, Winter 1965.
159. Employment and Training Report of the President, 1977. United States Departments of Labor and of Health, Education and Welfare, pp. 135, 162-163.
160. Employment and Training Report of the President, 1976. United States Departments of Labor and of Health, Education and Welfare, p. 336.
161. Bob Whitmore, "Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1975," United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 99, No. 2 (February 1976), pp. 46-48.
162. United States Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 46, p. 25.
163. Paul A. Samuelson, Economics, 8th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970), p. 816
164. Carl Kaysen, "Government and Business in the United States: A 225 Year Perspective" in Business and The American Economy, Jules Backman, ed. (New York: New York University Press, 1976), p. 79.
165. A. H. Raskin, "The Squeeze on the Unions," The Atlantic Monthly, April 1961. Reprinted in Bowen, p. 8.
166. Economic Report of the President, 1962, p. 189.
167. Economic Report of the President, 1977, pp. 221, 241.
168. The Affluent Society (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), pp. 298-307.
169. Richard Austin Smith, Corporations in Crisis (New York: Doubleday, 1963), p. 157
170. Employment and Training Report of the President, 1977. United States Departments of Labor and of Health, Education and Welfare, p. 161.
171. A. A. Blum, "Prospects for Organization of White Collar Workers," United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 87, No. 2 (February 1964), p. 125
172. Derek C. Bok and John T. Dunlop, Labor and the American Community (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970), p. 44.
173. Clark Kerr, John T. Dunlop, Frederick H. Harbison and Charles A. Myers, Industrialism and Industrial Man (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 292.
174. Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1969, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 1630, p. 351.
175. Directory of National and International Labor Unions in the United States, 1967, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 1596, p. 61.
176. Solomon Barkin, "The Decline of the Labor Movement" in The Corporation Take-Over, Andrew Hacker, ed. (New York: Harper, 1964), pp. 223-245.
177. David Granick, The Red Executive (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1960), p. 219
178. Emily Clark Brown, "The Local Union in Soviet Industry: Its Relations with Members, Party, and Management," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 13, No. 2 (January 1960), p. 209
179. The Condition of Education, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Vol. III, Part 1 (1977), p. 187.
180. Thorstein Veblen, The Higher Learning in America. A memorandum on the conduct of universities by businessmen (Stanford: Academic Reprints, 1954), pp. 67-68.
181. Seymour Martin Lipset in Political Man (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1960), p. 318
182. Louis Lasagna, "Why Are Doctors Out of Step?" The New Republic, Vol. 152, No. 1, January 2, 1965, p. 15.
183. Adolf A. Berle, Jr., and Gardiner C. Means, The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Macmillan, 1948), p. 94.
184. Francis X, Sutton, Seymour E. Harris, Carl Kaysen and James Tobin, The American Business Creed (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 369.
185. H. L. Nieburg, In the Name of Science (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1966), pp. 188-189.
186. Julius Duscha, Arms, Money, and Politics (New York: Ives Washburn, 1965), p. 2.
187. Thomas S. Power, General, USAF Ret., Design for Survival (New York: Coward, 1964), pp. 43-44.
188. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1890-1969, Robert I. Vexler, ed. (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1970), p. 143.
189. Richard Austin Smith, Corporations in Crisis (New York: Doubleday, 1963), p. 67
190. Economic Report of the President, 1962, p. 238
191. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 226.
192. John D. Owen, "Workweeks and leisure: an analysis of trends, 1948-1975," United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 99, No. 8 (August 1976), p. 3.
193. Economic Report of the President, 1977, p. 227.
194. Murray L. Weidenbaum, "The Defense-Space Complex: Impact on Whom?" Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, Vol. 13, No. 4 (April 1965), p. 46.
195. Richard J. Barber, The American Corporation (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1970), pp. 191-192.
196. F. H. Knight, "Wages and Labor Union Action in the Light of Economic Analysis," in The Public Stake in Union Power, P. D. Bradley, ed. (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1959), p. 21
197. Edward S. Mason in The Corporation in Modern Society, Edward S. Mason, ed. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959), p. 4.