The Cinmar discovery and the proposed pre-Late Glacial Maximum occupation of North America

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

Volumn 2, Issue , 2015, Pages 708-713

  Eren, Metin I ^a,b   Boulanger, Matthew T ^a   O'Brien, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

^b CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bi point; Cinmar Biface; Clovis; Peopling of North America; Pre Clovis; Solutrean

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937897851     PISSN: 2352409X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.03.001     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Boulanger M.T., Eren M.I. On the inferred age and origin of lithic bi-points on the Eastern Seaboard and their relevance to the Pleistocene peopling of North America. Am. Antiq. 2015, 80:134-145.
2. Bradley B., Stanford D. The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: a possible Paleolithic route to the new world. World Archaeol. 2004, 36:459-478.
3. Bradley B., Stanford D. The Solutrean-Clovis connection: reply to Straus, Meltzer, and Goebel. World Archaeol. 2006, 38:704-714.
4. City of Fort Collins Finding America - Seeking New Paleolithic Paradigms December 4, 2014. Electronic document, (accessed February 7, 2015). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T2XhKtU0hA.
5. Collins M., Stanford D., Lowery D., Bradley B. North America before Clovis: variance in temporal/spatial cultural patterns, 27,000-13,000calyr BP. Center for the Study of the First Americans 2013, 521-539. A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. K. Graf, C. Ketron, M. Waters (Eds.).
6. Daily Press [Newport News, Virginia] Obituary: Liston K. Shackleford Jr. 28 November 2006, Newport News, Virginia.
7. Daily Press [Newport News, Virginia] Obituary: Charles Thurston Shawn. 9 September 2008, Newport News, Virginia.
8. Dulik M.C., Zhadanov S.I., Osipova L.P., Askapull A., Gau L., et al. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome variation provides evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2012, 90:229-246.
9. Eren M.I., Patten R.J., O'Brien M.J., Meltzer D.J. Refuting the technological cornerstone of the ice-age Atlantic crossing hypothesis. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2013, 40:2934-2941.
10. Eren M.I., Patten R.J., O'Brien M.J., Meltzer D.J. More on the rumor of "intentional overshot flaking" and the purported ice-age Atlantic crossing. Lithic Technol. 2014, 39:55-65.
11. Eriksson A., Betti L., Friend A.D., Lycett S.J., Singarayer J.S., et al. Late Pleistocene climate change and the global expansion of anatomically modern humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2012, 109:16089-16094.
12. Ghose T. In Images: A Mastodon Skull and Tool from Chesapeake Bay. Live Science 2014, (http://www.livescience.com/47290-images-chesapeake-mastodon-tool.html, accessed 31 January 2015).
13. Goebel T., Waters M.R., O'Rourke D.H. The Late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas. Science 2008, 319:1497-1502.
14. Gustavus Adolphus College Dennis J. Stanford at Nobel Conference 44 2012, (Electronic document, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCWyvu6RCCl, accessed December 1, 2014).
15. Gwynn Island Museum The Gwynn's Island Museum; "For a Glimpse into the Past." Electronic document, (accessed December 14, 2014). http://gwynnsislandmuseum.org/page_2.html.
16. Gwynn Island Museum Earliest Man Made Tool Found in the Americas; The Cinmar Discovery Electronic document, (accessed December 14, 2014). http://gwynnsislandmuseum.org/cinmar.html.
17. Kashani B.H., Perego U.A., Olivieri A., Angerhofer N., Gandini F., et al. Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: a rare lineage entering America through the ice-free corridor?. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2012, 147:35-39.
18. Lewis S.E. Gwynn's Island Museum: Museum Within a Museum. Daily Press-Middle Peninsula Edition 8 November 2007, Newport News, Virginia, (Electronic version, available: http://articles.dailypress.com/2007-11-08/news/0711080080_1_first-museum-seafaring-heritage-algonquin-indians, accessed December 29, 2014).
19. Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun [Lewiston, Maine] Maine Fisherman Claims Boat was Hit by Tanker (22 May, p. 10. Lewiston, Maine. (http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19800522&id=WAYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lWQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1835,4444446)).
20. Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun [Lewiston, Maine] Seaborne Hit-and-Run 26 May, p. 4. Lewiston, Maine. (http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19800526&id=WgYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lWQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5998,5209052).
21. Lowery D. Geoarchaeological Investigations at Selected Coastal Archaeological Sites on the Delmarva Peninsula: The Long Term Interrelationship Between Climate, Geology, and Culture 2009, (Ph.D. dissertation), Department of Geology, University of Delaware.
22. Marble J. Looking Back. Daily Press-Middle Peninsula Edition 3 March 1995, Newport News, Virginia, (Electronic version, available: http://articles.dailypress.com/1995-05-03/news/9505020186_1_island-museum-donated-building).
23. McCloud T. Island Treasures on Display. Daily Press-Middle Peninsula Edition 11 December 1991, Newport News, Virginia, (Electronic version, available: http://articles.dailypress.com/1991-06-22/news/9106230120_1_displays-museum-first-ferry).
24. McGee J.A., Tillett R.H. Hangs and Obstructions to Trawl Fishing: Atlantic Coast of the United States 1983, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, (Sea Grant Publication no. UNC SG-83-01).
25. Meltzer D.J. First Peoples in a New World: Colonizing Ice Age Americas 2009, University of California Press, Berkeley.
26. O'Brien M.J., Boulanger M.J., Collard M., Buchanan B., Tarle L., Straus L.G., Eren M.I. On thin ice: problems with Stanford and Bradley's proposed Solutrean-Clovis colonization. Antiquity 2014, 88:606-613.
27. O'Brien M.J., Boulanger M.J., Collard M., Buchanan B., Tarle L., Straus L.G., Eren M.I. Solutreanism. Antiquity 2014, 88:622-624.
28. O'Rourke D.H., Raff J.A. The human genetic history of the Americas: the final frontier. Curr. Biol. 2010, 20:R202-R-207.
29. Oppenheimer S., Bradley B., Stanford D. Solutrean hypothesis: genetics, the mammoth in the room. World Archaeol. 2014, 46:752-774.
30. PalisadesPrehistory A Visit to the Gwynn Island Museum July 24, 2013. Electronic document, (accessed December 1, 2014). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPzkC4qkt6Q.
31. Philips K. Solutrean seal hunters? Modeling trans-Atlantic migration parameters fundamental to the 'Solutrean solution' for the peopling of the Americas. J. Anthropol. Res. 2014, 70:573-600.
32. Pollack S. Trawler meets tanker, sinks. The East Hampton Star (newspaper) 1980, Vol. XCV, No. 38. (Thursday, May 22).
33. Preston D. The Lost Man. New Yorker 1997, 70-78. (June 16).
34. Raff J.A., Bolnick D.A. Palaeogenomics: genetic roots of the first Americans. Nature 2014, 506:162-163.
35. Raghavan M., Skoglund P., Graf K., Metspalu M., Albrechtsen A., Moltke I., Rasmussen S., Stafford T., Orlando L., Metspalu E., Karmin M., Tambets K., Rootsi S., Mägi R., Campos P., Balanovska E., Balanovsky O., Khusnutdinova E., Litvinov S., Osipova L., Fedorova S., Voevoda M., DeGiorgio M., Sicheritz-Ponten T., Brunak S., Demeshchenko S., Kivisild T., Villems R., Nielsen R., Jakobsson M., Willerslev E. Genome sequence of an Upper Palaeolithic Siberian reveals shared origins for Native Americans and Western Eurasians. Nature 2014, 505:87-91.
36. Rasmussen M., Anzick S., Waters M., Skoglund P., DeGiorgio M., Stafford T., Rasmussen S., Moltke I., Albrechtsen A., Doyle S., Poznik G., Gudmundsdottir V., Yadav R., Malaspinas A.-S., White S., Allentoft M., Cornejo O., Tambets K., Eriksson A., Heintzman P., Karmin M., Korneliussen T., Meltzer D., Pierre T., Stenderup J., Saag L., Warmuth V., Lopes M., Malhi R., Brunak S., Sicheritz-Ponten T., Barnes I., Collins M., Orlando L., Balloux F., Manica A., Gupta R., Metspalu M., Bustamante C., Jakobsson M., Nielsen R., Willerslev E. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in Western Montana. Nature 2014, 506:225-229.
37. Stanford D. Alternative views on the peopling of the Americas. Paper Presented at the Clovis and Beyond Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico 1999.
38. Stanford D., Bradley B. The Solutrean solution. Sci. Am. Discov. Archaeol. 2000, 2:54-55.
39. Stanford D., Bradley B. Ocean trails and prairie paths? Thoughts about Clovis origins. The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World, San Francisco: Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco 2002, vol. 27:255-271. N. Jablonski (Ed.).
40. Stanford D., Bradley B. Across Atlantic Ice: The Origin of America's Clovis Culture 2012, University of California Press, Berkeley.
41. Stanford D., Bradley B. Response to O'Brien et al. Antiquity 2014, 88:614-621.
42. Stanford D., Lowery D., Jodry M., Bradley B., Kay M., Stafford T., Speakman R. Evidence for a possible Paleolithic occupation of the Eastern North American continental shelf at the Last Glacial Maximum. Prehistoric Archaeology on the Continental Shelf 2014, 73-93. Springer, New York. A. Evans, J. Flatman, N. Flemming (Eds.).
43. Stanford, D., Stenger, A. (Co-Chairs), 2014. Pre-Clovis in the Americas: International Science Conference Proceedings. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; Smithsonian Institution ed.
44. Stevenson D., Chiarella L., Stephan D., Reid R., Wilhelm K., McCarthy J., Pentony M. Characterization of the fishing practices and marine benthic ecosystems of the northeast U.S. shelf and an evaluation of the potential effects of fishing on essential fish habitat (NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-NE-181). Report Prepared for the U.S. Department of Commerce, Woods Hole, MA 2004.
45. Straus L.G. Solutrean settlement of North America? A review of reality. Am. Antiq. 2000, 65:219-226.
46. Straus L.G., Meltzer D.J., Goebel T. Ice age Atlantis? Exploring the Solutrean-Clovis 'connection'. World Archaeol. 2005, 37:507-532.
47. U.S.Coast Guard Merchant Vessels of the United States. Digital Database Dated 4 August Available at:, (Accessed December 30, 2014). https://homeport.uscg.mil/mycg/portal/ep/contentView.do%3FchannelId=-18374%26contentId=166847%26programId=91343%26programPage=%2Fep%2Fprogram%2Feditorial.jsp%26pageTypeId=13489%26contentType=EDITORIAL%26BV%5FSessionID=%40%40%40%401523309175.1419969410%40%40%40%40&BV%5FEngineID=cccdadgemmihfmjcfngcfkmdfhfdfgo.0.
48. U.S.Treasury Department Merchant Vessels of the United States 1965 (Including Yachts) 1965, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
49. Westley K., Dix J. The Solutrean Atlantic hypothesis: a view from the ocean. J. North Atl. 2008, 1:85-98.