Hydrological modelling of urbanized catchments: A review and future directions

Journal of Hydrology

Volumn 529, Issue P1, 2015, Pages 62-81

  Salvadore, Elga ^a,b   Bronders, Jan ^b   Batelaan, Okke ^a,c  

^a VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

^b FLEMISH INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH VITO   (Belgium)

^c FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Hydrological modelling; Urban catchment; Urban hydrology

Indexed keywords

HYDROLOGY; REMOTE SENSING; RUNOFF; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; WATERWORKS;

COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE; DISTRIBUTED CALIBRATION; HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING; PROCESS-BASED APPROACH; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL RESOLUTIONS; TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALE; URBAN CATCHMENT; URBAN HYDROLOGY;

CATCHMENTS;

CATCHMENT; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; DIGITIZATION; FUTURE PROSPECT; HYDRAULICS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; PIPE; RUNOFF; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; URBANIZATION;

EID: 84937779568     PISSN: 00221694     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.028     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Annunziato S., Stocchino A., M.Colombini Case study: design of flood control systems on the vara river by numerical and physical modeling. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 2009, 135(12):1063-1072.
2. Appleyard S. The impact of urban development on recharge and groundwater quality in a coastal aquifer near Perth, Western Australia. Hydrogeol. J. 1995, 3(2):65-75.
3. Arnfield A.J. Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island. Int. J. Climatol. 2003, 23(1):1-26.
4. Arnold J.G., Fohrer N. SWAT2000: current capabilities and research opportunities in applied watershed modeling. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19(3):563-572.
5. Arnold C.L., Gibbons C.J. Impervious surface coverage - the emergence of a key environmental indicator. J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 1996, 62(2):243-258.
6. Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R., Muttiah R.S., Williams J.R. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment - Part 1: Model development. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 1998, 34(1):73-89.
7. Aronica G., Cannarozzo M. Studying the hydrological response of urban catchments using a semi-distributed linear non-linear model. J. Hydrol. 2000, 238(1-2):35-43.
8. Aronica G.T., Lanza L.G. Drainage efficiency in urban areas: a case study. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19(5):1105-1119.
9. Bach P.M., Rauch W., Mikkelsen P.S., McCarty D.T., Deletic A. A critical review of integrated urban water modelling - urban drainage and beyond. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2014, 54:88-107.
10. Barbee R., Vermij P., van de Laak W.J. Policy development for reduction of pollution caused by traffic experiences from the Netherlands. Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 49(3):183-188.
11. Beck M. Vulnerability of water quality in intensively developing urban watersheds. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2005, 20(4):381-400.
12. Bellal M., Sillen X., Zech Y. Coupling GIS with a Distributed Hydrological Model for Studying the Effect of Various Urban Planning Options on Rainfall-runoff Relationship in Urbanized watersheds 1996, vol. 235. IAHS-AISH Publication, (pp. 99-106).
13. Berezowski T., Chormański J., Batelaan O., Canters F., Van de Voorde T. Impact of remotely sensed land-cover proportions on urban runoff production. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2012, 16:54-65.
14. Berndtsson R., Niemczynowicz J. Spatial and temporal scales in rainfall analysis - some aspects and future perspectives. J. Hydrol. 1988, 100(1-3):293-313.
15. Berne A., Delrieu G., Creutin J.D., Obled C. Temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall measurements required for urban hydrology. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):166-179.
16. Berthier E., Andrieu H., Creutin J.D. The role of soil in the generation of urban runoff: development and evaluation of a 2D model. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):252-266.
17. Berthier E., Dupont S., Mestayer P.G., Andrieu H. Comparison of two evapotranspiration schemes on a sub-urban site. J. Hydrol. 2006, 328(3-4):635-646.
18. Beven K.J. Rainfall-Runoff Modelling 2008, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, (February 2008 received).
19. Blöschl G., Sivapalan M. Scale issues in hydrological modelling: a review. Hydrol. Process. 1995, 9(3-4):251-290.
20. Boyd M.J., Bufill M.C., Knee R.M. Pervious and impervious runoff in urban catchments. Hydrol. Sci. J. 1993, 38(6):463-478.
21. Brabec E., Schulte S., Richards P.L. Impervious surface and water quality: a review of current literature and its implications for watershed planning. J. Plan. Lit. 2002, 16(4):499-514.
22. Braud I., Fletcher T.D., Andrieu H. Hydrology of per-urban catchments: process and modelling. J. Hydrol. 2013, 485:1-4.
23. Bronstert A., Carrera J., Kabat P., Lütkemeier S. Coupled models for the Hydrological Cycle. Integrating Atmosphere, Biosphere, and Pedosphere 2005, Springer.
24. Brun S.E., Band L.E. Simulating runoff behavior in an urbanizing watershed. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 2000, 24(1):5-22.
25. Hydrology an Introduction 2005, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. first ed. W. Brutsaert (Ed.).
26. Burian, S.J., Edwards, F.G., 2002. Historical Perspectives of Urban Drainage. Portland, Oregon, sn.
27. Burns D., Vitvar T., McDonnell J., Hassett J., Duncan J., Kendall C. Effects of suburban development on runoff generation in the Croton River basin, New York, USA. J. Hydrol. 2005, 311(1-4):266-281.
28. Carey R.O., Hochmuth G.J., Martinez D.J., Boyer T.H., Dukes M.D., Toor G.S., Cisar J.L. Evaluating nutrient impacts in urban watersheds: challenges and research opportunities. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 173:138-149.
29. Carle M.V., Halpin P.N., Stow C.A. Patterns of watershed urbanization and impacts on water quality. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 2005, 41(3):693-708.
30. CEC, 2007. Directive Concerning EU Floods. 2007/60/EEC. CEC, Luxemburg.
31. CEN, 1996. Drain and Sewers Systems Outside Buildings - Part 2: Performance Requirements, European Standards, European Committee for Standardization CEN, Brussels, Belgium.
32. CEN, 1997. Drain and Sewer Systems Outside Buildings - Part 4: Hydraulic Design and Environmental Considerations, European Standard, European Committee for Standardization CEN, Brussels, Belgium.
33. Changming L., Jingjie Y., Kendy E. Groundwater exploitation and its impact on the environment in the north China plain. Water Int. 2001, 26(2):265-272.
34. Chen J., Arleen A.H., Lensyl D.U. A GIS-based model for flood inundation. J. Hydrol. 2009, 373(1-2):184-192.
35. Cheng L., Zongxue X., Wang D., Cai X. Assessing interannual variability of evapotranspiration at the catchment scale using satellite-based evapotranspiration data sets. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47(9):W09509.
36. Chormański J., Van de Voorde T., De Roeck T., Batelaan O., Canters F. Improving distributed runoff prediction in urbanized catchments with remote sensing based estimates of impervious surface cover. Sensors 2008, 8(2):910-932.
37. Cronin A.A., Taylor R.G., Powell K.L., Barrett M.H., Trowsdale S.A., Lerner D.N. Temporal variations in the depth-specific hydrochemistry and sewage-related microbiology of an urban sandstone aquifer, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Hydrogeol. J. 2003, 11(2):205-216.
38. Cuo L., Lettenmaier D.P., Mattheussen B.V., Storck P., Wiley M. Hydrologic prediction for urban watersheds with the distributed hydrology - soil - vegetation model. Hydrol. Process. 2008, 22(21):4205-4213.
39. Dabberdt W.F., Hales J., Zubrick S., Crook A., Krajewski W., Doran K.C., Mueller C., King C., Keener R.N., Bornstein R., Rodenhuis D., Kocin P., Rossetti M.A., Sharrocks F., Stanley E.M. Forecast issues in the urban zone: report of the 10th prospectus development team of the U.S. weather research program. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2000, 81(9):2047-2064.
40. Danso-Amoako E., Scholz M., Kalimeris N., Yang Q., Shao J. Predicting dam failure risk for sustainable flood retention basins: a generic case study for the wider Great Manchester area. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 2012, 36(5):423-433.
41. David O., Ascough J.C., Lloyd W., Green T.R., Rojas K.W., Leavesley G.H., Ahuja L.R. A software engineering perspective on environmental modeling framework design: the object modeling system. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2013, 39:201-213.
42. De Vleeschauwer K., Weustenraad J., Nolf C., Wolfs V., De Meulder B., Shannon K., Willems P. Green-blue water in the city: quantification of impact of source control versus end-of-pipe solutions on sewer and river floods. Water Sci. Technol. 2014, 70(11):1825-1837.
43. DeFries R., Eshleman N.K. Land-use change and hydrologic processes: a major focus of the future. Hydrol. Process. 2004, 18(11):2183-2186.
44. Delleur J.W. The evolution of urban hydrology: past, present, future. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE 2003, 129(8):563-573.
45. Dingman S.L. Physical Hydrology 2002, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. second ed.
46. Dirckx G., Bixio D., Thoeye C., De Gueldre G., Van De Steene B. Dilution of sewage in Flanders mapped with mathematical and tracer methods. Urban Water J. 2009, 6(2):81-92.
47. Dixon B., Earls J. Effects of urbanization on streamflow using SWAT with real and simulated meteorological data. Appl. Geogr. 2012, 35(1-2):174-190.
48. Dixon P.G., Mote T.L. Patterns and causes of Atlanta's urban heat island-initiated precipitation. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2003, 42(9):1273-1284.
49. Dotto C.B.S., Kleidorfer L., Deletic A., Rauch W., McCarthy D.T., Fletcher T.D. Performance and sensitivity of stormwater models using a Bayesian approach and long-term high resolution data. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2011, 26(10):1225-1239.
50. Dujardin J., Batelaan O., Canters F., Boel S., Anibas C., Bronders J. Improving surface-subsurface water budgeting using high resolution satellite imagery applied on a brownfield. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409(4):800-809.
51. Easton Z.M., Gérard-Merchant P., Walter M.T., Petrovic A.M., Steenhuis T.S. Hydrologic assessment of an urban variable source watershed in the northeast United States. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43(3):W03413.
52. Egodawatta P., Ziyath A., Goonetilleke A. Characterizing metal build-up on urban road surfaces. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 176:87-91.
53. Einfalt T., Arnbjerg-Nielsen K., Golz C., Jensen N.-E., Quirmbach M., Vaes G., Vieux B. Towards a roadmap for use of radar rainfall data in urban drainage. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):186-202.
54. Eiswirth M., Wolf L., Hötzl H. Balancing the contaminant input into urban water resources. Environ. Geol. 2003, 46(2):246-256.
55. European Parliament, Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 Establishing a Framework for Community Action in the Field of Water Policy.
56. Fabry F., Bellon A., Ducan M., Austin G. High resolution rainfall measurements by radar for very small basins: the sampling problem reexamined. J. Hydrol. 1994, 161(1-4):415-428.
57. Fassman-Beck E., Voyde E., Simcock R., Hong Y.S. 4 Living roofs in 3 locations: does configuration affect runoff mitigation?. J. Hydrol. 2013, 490:11-20.
58. Faulkner D.S., Barber S. Performance of the revitalised flood hydrograph method. J. Flood Risk Manage. 2009, 2(4):254-261.
59. Fewtrell T.J., Neal J.C., Bates P.D., Harrison P.J. Geometric and structural river channel complexity and the prediction of urban inundation. Hydrol. Process. 2011, 25(20):3173-3186.
60. Fletcher T.D., Andrieu H., Hamel P. Understanding, management and modelling of urban hydrology and its consequences for receiving waters: a state of the art. Adv. Water Resour. 2013, 51:261-279.
61. Foster S.S.D. Impacts of Urbanization on Groundwater. Hydrological Processes and Water Management in Urban Areas 1990, vol. 198. IAHS Publication, (pp. 187-207).
62. Foster S.S.D., Chilton P.J. Groundwater: the processes and global significance of aquifer degradation. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. 2003, 358(1440):1957-1972.
63. Franczyk J., Chang H. The effect of climate change and urbanization on the runoff of the Rock Creek basin in the Portland metropolitan area, Oregon, USA. Hydrol. Process. 2009, 23(6):805-815.
64. Garcia-Fresca B., Sharp J.M. Hydrogeological considerations of urban development: urban-induced recharge. Rev. Eng. Geol. 2005, 16:123-136.
65. Gires A., Tchiguirinskaia I., Schertzer D., Schellart A., Berne A., Lovejoy S. Influence of small rainfall variability on standard comparison tools between radar and rain gauge data. Atmos. Res. 2014, 138:125-138.
66. Gironás J., Niemann J.D., Roesner L.A., Rodriguez F., Andrieu H. A morpho-climatic instantaneous unit hydrograph model for urban catchments based on the kinematic wave approximation. J. Hydrol. 2009, 377(3-4):317-334.
67. Gironás J., Niemann J.D., Roesner L.A., Rodriguez F., Andrieu H. Evaluation of methods for representing urban terrain in storm-water modeling. J. Hydrol. Eng. 2010, 15(1):1-14.
68. Göbel P., Stubbe H., Weinert M., Zimmermann J., Fach S., Dierkes C., Kories H., Messer J., Mertsch V., Geiger W.F., Coldewey W.G. Near-natural stormwater management and its effects on the water budget and groundwater surface in urban areas taking account of the hydrogeological conditions. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):267-283.
69. Greene R.G., Cruise J.F. Urban watershed modeling using geographic information-system. J. Water Res. Plan. ASCE 1995, 121(4):318-325.
70. Grimmond C.S.B., Oke T.R. An evapotranspiration-interception model for urban areas. Water Resour. Res. 1991, 27(7):1739-1755.
71. Hall M.J. Urban Hydrology 1984, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers.
72. Hamdi R., Termonia P., Baguis P. Effects of urbanization and climate change on surface runoff of the Brussels Capital Region: a case study using and urban soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer model. Int. J. Climatol. 2010, 31(13):1959-1974.
73. Hamel P., Fletcher T.D. Modelling the impact of stormwater source control infiltration techniques on catchment baseflow. Hydrol. Process. 2013, 28(24):5817-5831.
74. Hancock P.J. Human impacts on the stream-groundwater exchange zone. Environ. Manage. 2002, 29(6):763-781.
75. Hendriks M.R. Introduction to Physical Hydrology 2010, Oxford University Press.
76. Hsu M.H., Chen S.H., Chang T.J. Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system. J. Hydrol. 2000, 234(1-2):21-37.
77. Huang S., Cheng S., Wen J., Lee J. Identifying peak-imperviousness-recurrence relationships on a growing-impervious watershed, Taiwan. J. Hydrol. 2008, 362(3-4):320-336.
78. Huber, W.C., Dickinson, R.E., 1988. Storm Water Management Model. User's Manual. Ver. IV, sl: US EPA Environmental Protection Agency.
79. Huff F.A., Changnon S.A.J. Climatological assessment of urban effects on precipitation at St. Louis. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1972, 11(5):823-842.
80. Hurford A.P., Maksimovic C., Leitao J.P. Urban pluvial flooding in Jakarta: applying state-of-the-art technology in a data scarce environment. Water Sci. Technol. 2010, 62(10):2246-2255.
81. Im S., Kim L., Kim C., Jang C. Assessing the impacts of land use changes on watershed hydrology using MIKE SHE. Environ. Geol. 2009, 57(1):231-239.
82. Jacobson C.R. Identification and quantification of the hydrological impacts of imperviousness in urban catchments: a review. J. Environ. Manage. 2011, 92(6):1438-1448.
83. Jia Y., Ni G., Kawahara Y., Suetsugi T. Development of WEP model and its application to an urban watershed. Hydrol. Process. 2001, 15(11):2175-2194.
84. Jonkman S.N., Vrijling J.K. Loss of life due to floods. J. Flood Risk Manage. 2008, 1(1):43-56.
85. Joss A., Siegrist H., Ternes T.A. Are we about to upgrade wastewater treatment for removing organic micropollutants?. Water Sci. Technol. 2008, 57(2):251-255.
86. Kang I.S., Park J.I., Singh V.P. Effect of urbanization on runoff characteristics of the On-Cheon stream watershed in Pusan, Korea. Hydrol. Process. 1998, 12(2):351-363.
87. Kim Y.-Y., Lee K.-K., Sung I.H. Urbanization and the groundwater budget, metropolitan Seoul area, Korea. Hydrogeol. J. 2001, 9(4):401-412.
88. Kjeldsen, T.R., Stewart, E.J., Packman, J.C., Folwell, S.S., Bayliss, A.C., 2005. Revitalisation of the FSR/FEH rainfall-runoff method., CEH Wallingford, UK: Defra R&D Technical Report FD1913/TR.
89. Kleidorfer M., Deletic A., Fletcher T.D., Rauch W. Impact of input data uncertainties on urban stormwater model parameters. Water Sci. Technol. 2009, 60(6):1545-1554.
90. Klemeš V. Conceptualization and scale in hydrology. J. Hydrol. 1983, 65(1-3):1-23.
91. Krebs G., Kokkonen T., Setälä H., Koivusalo H. Spatial resolution considerations for urban hydrological modelling. J. Hydrol. 2014, 512:482-497.
92. Kron W., Steuer M., Löw P., Wirtz A. How to deal properly with a natural catastrophe database - analysis of flood losses. Nat. Hazards Earth Sys. 2012, 12(3):535-550.
93. Labadie J.W., Wan Y. Fuzzy optimal control of reservoir-assisted stormwater treatment areas for aquatic ecosystem restoration. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2010, 25:1692-1701.
94. Lee J.G., Heaney J.P. Estimation of urban imperviousness and its impacts on storm water systems. J. Water Res. Plan. ASCE 2003, 129(5):419-426.
95. Leniak G.F., Olchin G., Goodall J., Voinov A., Hill M., Glynn P., Whelan G., Geller G., Quinn N., Blind M., Peckham S., Reaney S., Gaber N., Kennedy R., Hughes A. Integrated environmental modeling: a vision and roadmap for the future. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2013, 39:3-23.
96. Leopold L.B. Hydrology for Urban Land Planning - A guidebook on the Hydrologic Effects of urban Land Use 1968, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
97. Lerner D.N. Groundwater recharge in urban areas. Atmos. Environ. Part B Urban Atmos. 1990, 24(1):29-33.
98. Lerner D.N. Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review. Hydrogeol. J. 2002, 10(1):143-152.
99. Lhomme J., Bouvier C., Perrin J.-L. Applying a GIS-based geomorphological routing model in urban catchments. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):203-216.
100. Mackay R., Last E. SWITCH city water balance: a scoping model for integrated urban water management. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 2010, 9(4):291-296.
101. Maidment D.R. Handbook of Hydrology 1992, Mc-Graw-Hill Inc., New York, USA.
102. Mark O., Weesakul S., Apirumanekul C., Aroonnet S.B., Djordjević S. Potential and limitations of 1D modelling of urban flooding. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):284-299.
103. Marsalek J., Jiménez-Cisneros B., Karamouz M., Malmquist P.-A., Goldenfum J., Chocat B. Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions: Urban Water Series - UNESCO-IHP 2007, Springer, Berlin.
104. McColl C., Aggett G. Land-use forecasting and hydrologic model integration for improved land-use decision support. J. Environ. Manage. 2007, 84(4):494-512.
105. Mejía A.I., Moglen G.E. Impact of the spatial distribution of imperviousness on the hydrologic response of an urbanizing basin. Hydrol. Process. 2010, 24(23):3359-3373.
106. Meyer S.C. Analysis of base flow trends in urban streams, northeastern Illinois, USA. Hydrogeol. J. 2005, 13(5-6):871-885.
107. Mitchell V.G., Diaper C. UVQ: a tool for assessing the water and contamination balance impacts of urban development scenarios. Water Sci. Technol. 2005, 52(12):91-98.
108. Mitchell V.G., McMahon T.A., Mein R.G. Components of the total water balance of an urban catchment. Environ. Manage. 2003, 32(6):735-746.
109. Mitchell, V.G., Duncan, H., Inman, M., Rahilly, M., Stewart, J., Vieritz, A., Holt, P., Grant, A., Fletcher, T.D., Coleman, J., Maheepala, S., Sharma, A., Deletic, A., Breen, P., 2007. State of the Art Review of Integrated Urban Water Models. Lyon, France, sn, pp. 507-514.
110. Mitchell V.G., Cleugh H.A., Grimmond C.S.B., Xu J. Linked urban water balance and energy balance models to analyse urban design options. Hydrol. Process. 2008, 22(16):2891-2900.
111. Moglen G.E., Kim S. Limiting imperviousness - are threshold-based policies a good idea?. J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 2007, 73(2):161-171.
112. Morris B., Rueedi J., Cronin A.A., Diaper C., DeSilva D. Using linked process models to improve urban groundwater management: an example from Doncaster England. Water Environ. J. 2007, 21(4):229-240.
113. Nagler P. The role of remote sensing observations and models in hydrology: the science of evapotranspiration. Hydrol. Process. 2011, 25(26):3977-3978.
114. Niemczynowicz J. Urban hydrology and water management - present and future challenges. Urban Water 1999, 1(1):1-14.
115. Nouri H., Beecham S., Hassanli A.M., Kazemi F. Water requirements of urban landscape plants: a comparison of three factor-based approaches. Ecol. Eng. 2013, 57:276-284.
116. Nouri H., Beecham S., Kazemi F., Hassanli A.M. A review of ET measurement techniques for estimating the water requirements of urban landscape vegetation. Urban Water J. 2013, 10(4):247-259.
117. Ogden F.L., Pradhan N.R., Downer C.W., Zahner J.A. Relative importance of impervious area, drainage density, width function, and subsurface storm drainage on flood runoff from an urbanized catchment. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47(12):W12503.
118. Oke T.R. The energetic basis of urban heat island. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 1982, 108(455):1-24.
119. O'Loughlin G., Huber W., Chocat B. Rainfall-runoff processes and modelling. J. Hydraul. Res. 1996, 34(6):733-751.
120. Pan A., Hou A., Tian F., Ni G., Hu H. Hydrologically enhanced distributed urban drainage model and its application in Beijing city. J. Hydrol. Eng. 2012, 17(6):667-678.
121. Paul M.J., Meyer J.L. Streams in the urban landscape. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2001, 32:333-365.
122. Perica S., Foufoula-Georgiou E. Model for multiscale disaggregation of spatial rainfall based on coupling meteorological and scaling descriptions. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101(D21):26347-26361.
123. Petrucci G., Bonhomme C. The dilemma of spatial representation for urban hydrology semi-distributed modelling: trade-offs among complexity, calibration and geographical data. J. Hydrol. 2014, 517:997-1007.
124. Praskievicz S., Chang H. A review of hydrological modelling of basin-scale climate change and urban development impacts. Prog. Phys. Geog. 2009, 33(5):650-671.
125. Price R.K., Vojinović Z. Urban Hydroinformatics: Data, Models and Decision support for Integrated Urban Water Management 2011, IWA Publishing, London, UK.
126. Ragab R., Rosier P., Dixon A., Bromley J., Cooper J.D. Experimental study of water fluxes in a residential area: 2. Road infiltration, runoff and evaporation. Hydrol. Process. 2003, 17(12):2423-2437.
127. Ramier D., Berthier E., Andrieu H. The hydrological behaviour of urban streets: long-term observations and modelling of runoff losses and rainfall-runoff transformation. Hydrol. Process. 2011, 25(14):2161-2178.
128. Rizwan A.M., Dennis Y.C., Liu C. A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island. J. Environ. Sci. 2008, 20(1):120-128.
129. Rodriguez F., Andrieu H., Zech Y. Evaluation of a distributed model for urban catchments using a 7-years continuous data series. Hydrol. Process. 2000, 14(5):899-914.
130. Rodriguez F., Andrieu H., Creutin J.-D. Surface runoff in urban catchments: morphological identification of unit hydrographs from urban databanks. J. Hydrol. 2003, 283(1-4):146-168.
131. Rodriguez F., Andrieu H., Morena F. A distributed hydrological model for urbanized areas - model development and application case studies. J. Hydrol. 2008, 351(3-4):268-287.
132. Roy A.H., Shuster W.D. Assessing impervious surface connectivity and applications for watershed management. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. 2009, 45(1):198-209.
133. Rueedi J., Cronin A.A., Morris B.L. Estimation of sewer leakage to urban groundwater using depth-specific hydrochemistry. Water Environ. J. 2009, 23(2):134-144.
134. Rumman N., Lin G., Li J. Investigation of GIS-based surface hydrological modelling for identifying infiltration zones in an urban watershed. Int. Soc. Environ. Inform. Sci. 2005, 1(5):315-322.
135. Rutsch M., Rieckermann J., Krebs P. Quantification of sewer leakage: a review. Water Sci. Technol. 2006, 54(6-7):135-144.
136. Salvador R., Bautista-Capetillo C., Playán E. Irrigation performance in private urban landscapes: a case study in Zaragoza (Spain). Landscape Urban Plan. 2011, 100(3):302-311.
137. Schirmer M., Leschik S., Musolff A. Current research in urban hydrogeology - a review. Adv. Water Resour. 2012, 51:280-291.
138. Schmitt T.G., Thomas M., Ettrich N. Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):300-311.
139. Selvalingam S., Liong P.C., Manoharan P.C. Use of RORB and SWMM models to an urban catchment in Singapore. Adv. Water Resour. 1987, 10(2):78-86.
140. Shepherd J.M. Evidence of urban-induced precipitation variability in arid climate regimes. J. Arid Environ. 2006, 67(4):607-628.
141. Shepherd J.M., Pierce H., Negri A.J. Rainfall modification by major urban areas: observations from spaceborne rain radar on the TRMM satellite. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2002, 41(7):689-701.
142. Sherlock R.L. Man as a Geological Agent: An Account of his Action on Inanimate Nature 1922, H.F. & G. Witherby, London.
143. Shuster W.D., Bonta J., Thurston H., Warnemuende E., Smith D.R. Impacts of impervious surface on watershed hydrology: a review. Urban Water J. 2005, 2(4):263-275.
144. Shuster W.D., Gehring R., Gerken J. Prospects for enhanced groundwater recharge via infiltration of urban storm water runoff: a case study. J. Soil Water Conserv. 2007, 62(3):129-137.
145. Shuttleworth W.J. Putting the 'vap' into evaporation. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sc. 2007, 11(1):210-244.
146. Singh, R., Maheshwari, B., Malano, H.M., 2009. Developing a Conceptual Model for Water Accounting in Peri-urban Catchments. Cairns, Australia, sn, pp. 3654-3660.
147. Stovin V. The potential of green roofs to manage Urban Stormwater. Water Environ. J. 2010, 24:192-199.
148. Suriya S., Mudgal B.V. Impact of urbanization on flooding: the Thirusoolam sub watershed - a case study. J. Hydrol. 2011, 412-413:210-219.
149. Taha H. Urban climates and heat islands: albedo, evapotranspiration, and anthropogenic heat. Energy Build. 1997, 25(2):99-103.
150. Taylor R.G., Cronin A.A., Lerner D.N., Tellam J.H., Bottrell S.H., Rueedi J., Barrett M.H. Hydrochemical evidence of the depth of penetration of anthropogenic recharge in sandstone aquifers underlying two mature cities in the UK. Appl. Geochem. 2006, 21(9):1570-1592.
151. Te Linde A.H., Aerts J.C.J.H., Kwadijk J.C.J. Effectiveness of flood management measures on peak discharges in the Rhine basin under climate change. J. Flood Risk Manage. 2010, 3(4):248-269.
152. Thielen J., Creutin J.-D. An urban hydrological model with high spatial resolution rainfall from a meteorological model. J. Hydrol. 1997, 200(1-4):58-83.
153. Tholin, A.L., Keifer, C.J., 1960. The hydrology of urban runoff. In: Trans. ASCE 125. sl: sn, pp. 1308-1379.
154. Thorndahl S., Willems P. Probabilistic modelling of overflow, surcharge and flooding in urban drainage using the first-order reliability method and parameterization of local rain series. Water Res. 2008, 42(1-2):455-466.
155. Tilford K.A., Fox N.I., Collier C.G. Application of weather radar data for urban hydrology. Meteorol. Appl. 2002, 9(1):95-104.
156. Tsihrintzis V.A., Hamid R. Runoff quality prediction from small urban catchments using SWMM. Hydrol. Process. 1998, 12(2):311-329.
157. United Nations, 2010. World Population Prospects: The 2009 Revision, New York, sn.
158. Valeo C., Moin S.M.A. Grid-resolution effects on a model for integrating urban and rural areas. Hydrol. Process. 2000, 14(14):2505-2525.
159. Van de Ven F.H.M. Water Balances of Urban Areas. Hydrological Processes and Water Management in Urban Areas 1990, vol. 198. IAHS Publication, (pp. 21-32).
160. Verbeiren B., Van De Voorde T., Canters F., Binard M., Cornet Y., Batelaan O. Assessing urbanisation effects on rainfall-runoff using a remote sensing supported modelling strategy. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 2013, 21:92-102.
161. Vieux B.E., Bedient P.B. Assessing urban hydrologic prediction accuracy through event reconstruction. J. Hydrol. 2004, 299(3-4):217-236.
162. Vizintin G., Souvent P., Veselič M., Curk C. Determination of urban groundwater pollution in alluvial aquifer using linked process models considering urban water cycle. J. Hydrol. 2009, 377(3-4):261-273.
163. Voinov A., Shugart H. 'Integronsters', integral and integrated modelling. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2013, 39:149-158.
164. Vrebos D., Vansteenkiste T., Staes J., Willems P., Meire P. Water displacement by sewer infrastructure in the Grote Nete catchment, Belgium, and its hydrological regime effects. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2014, 18(3):1119-1136.
165. Ward R., Robinson M. Principles of Hydrology 1999, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Berkshire, England. fourth ed.
166. Weiß G., Brombach H., Haller B. Infiltration and inflow in combined sewer systems: long-term analysis. Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 45(7):11-19.
167. Weng Q. Remote sensing of impervious surfaces in the urban area: requirements, methods, and trends. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 117:34-49.
168. Wiles T.J., Sharp J.M. The secondary permeability of impervious cover. Environ. Eng. Geosci. 2008, 14(4):251-265.
169. Willems P. Parsimonious model for combined sewer overflow pollution. J. Environ. Eng. ASCE 2010, 136(3):316-325.
170. Wolf L., Klinger J., Hoetzl H. Quantifying mass fluxes from urban drainage systems to the urban soil-aquifer system. J. Soil. Sediment. 2007, 7(2):85-95.
171. Wolfs V., Villazon Gomez M.F., Willems P. Development of a semi-distributed model identification and calibration tool for conceptual modeling of sewer systems. Water Sci. Technol. 2013, 68(1):167-175.
172. Wu C., Murray A.T. Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis. Remote Sens. Environ. 2003, 84:493-505.
173. Xiao Q., McPherson E.G., Simpson J.R., Ustin S.L. Hydrologic processes at the urban residential scale. Hydrol. Process. 2007, 21(16):2174-2188.
174. Yang Y., Lerner D.N., Barrett M.H., Tellam J.H. Quantification of groundwater recharge in the city of Nottingham, UK. Environ. Geol. 1999, 38(3):183-198.
175. Zektser I.S., Everett L.G. Groundwater Resources of the World and their Use 2004, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris.
176. Zhou Y., Wang Y., Gold A.J., August P.V. Modeling watershed rainfall-runoff relations using impervious surface-area data with high spatial resolution. Hydrogeol. J. 2010, 18(6):1413-1423.