메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

Factors that lead to the use of crack cocaine in combination with marijuana in Brazil: A qualitative study Health behavior, health promotion and society

Author keywords

Brazil; Cannabis; Crack cocaine; Crack cocaine and cannabis association

Indexed keywords

CANNABIS; COCAINE;

EID: 84937772965     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712458     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2063-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 0029930570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crack cocaine: An increase in use among patients attending clinics in Saõ Paulo: 1990-1993
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FgsVGjtg%3D%3D 8851815
    • Dunn J, Laranjeira RR, Da Silveira DX, Formigoni ML, Ferri CP. Crack cocaine: an increase in use among patients attending clinics in Saõ Paulo: 1990-1993. Substance Use Misuse. 1996;31:519-27.
    • (1996) Substance Use Misuse , vol.31 , pp. 519-527
    • Dunn, J.1    Laranjeira, R.R.2    Da Silveira, D.X.3    Formigoni, M.L.4    Ferri, C.P.5
  • 2
    • 0001875851 scopus 로고
    • Monteiro MG, Inciardi JA, editors São Paulo: CEBRID a- Centro Brasileiro de InformaçÃμ es sobre Drogas PsicotrÃpicas
    • Inciardi JA. In: Monteiro MG, Inciardi JA, editors. Brazil-United States. Binational Research. São Paulo: CEBRID a- Centro Brasileiro de InformaçÃμ es sobre Drogas PsicotrÃpicas; 1993. p. 63a-75.
    • (1993) Brazil-United States. Binational Research , pp. 63a-75
    • Inciardi, J.A.1
  • 3
    • 70349087807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resposta à AIDS no Brasil: Contribuições dos movimentos sociais e da reforma sanitaria
    • Grangeiro A, Silva LL, Teixeira PR. Resposta à AIDS no Brasil: contribuições dos movimentos sociais e da reforma sanitaria. Pan Am J Public Health. 2009;26(1):87-94.
    • (2009) Pan Am J Public Health , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-94
    • Grangeiro, A.1    Silva, L.L.2    Teixeira, P.R.3
  • 4
    • 0033660983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIDS and pauperization: Principal concepts and empirical evidence
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvhtVyiuw%3D%3D 10904390
    • Bastos FI, Szwarcwald CL. AIDS and pauperization: principal concepts and empirical evidence. Cad Saúde Pública. 2000;16(1):65-76.
    • (2000) Cad Saúde Pública , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-76
    • Bastos, F.I.1    Szwarcwald, C.L.2
  • 5
    • 34648823124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Descentralization, AIDS, and harm reduction: The implementation of public policies in Rio de Janeiro Brazil
    • 17700948
    • Fonseca EM, Nunn A, Souza-Junior PB, Bastos FI, Ribeiro JM. Descentralization, AIDS, and harm reduction: the implementation of public policies in Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2007;23(9):2134-44.
    • (2007) Cad Saúde Pública , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 2134-2144
    • Fonseca, E.M.1    Nunn, A.2    Souza-Junior, P.B.3    Bastos, F.I.4    Ribeiro, J.M.5
  • 7
    • 54349087634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the crack cocaine culture in the city of Saõ Paulo: A controlled patterned of use
    • 18641794-71, 2008
    • Oliveira LG, Nappo SA. Characterization of the crack cocaine culture in the city of Saõ Paulo: a controlled patterned of use. Rev Saude Publica. 2008;42(4):664.-71, 2008.
    • (2008) Rev Saude Publica , vol.42 , Issue.4 , pp. 664
    • Oliveira, L.G.1    Nappo, S.A.2
  • 8
    • 0035504934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of HIV infection among injection drug users in Brazil in the 1990s: The impact of changes in patterns of drug use
    • Santos Metropolitan Region Collaborative Study Group 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnltFansg%3D%3D 11694840
    • Mesquita F, Kral A, Reingold A, Bueno R, Trigueiros D, Araujo PJ, et al. Trends of HIV infection among injection drug users in Brazil in the 1990s: the impact of changes in patterns of drug use. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;28(3):298-302.
    • (2001) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 298-302
    • Mesquita, F.1    Kral, A.2    Reingold, A.3    Bueno, R.4    Trigueiros, D.5    Araujo, P.J.6
  • 9
    • 79959584663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crack usage circuits in the downtown area of the city of Saõ Paulo (SP, Brazil)
    • Raupp L, Adorno RCF. Crack usage circuits in the downtown area of the city of Saõ Paulo (SP, Brazil). Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2011;16(5):2613-22.
    • (2011) Ciência & Saúde Coletiva , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 2613-2622
    • Raupp, L.1    Adorno, R.C.F.2
  • 10
    • 80052332091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rate among crack/cocaine-dependent patients: A 12-year prospective cohort study conducted in Brazil
    • Dias AC, Ribeiro MA, Dunn J, Sesso R, Laranjeira R. Mortality rate among crack/cocaine-dependent patients: A 12-year prospective cohort study conducted in Brazil. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2011;4(3):273-8.
    • (2011) J Subst Abuse Treat , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 273-278
    • Dias, A.C.1    Ribeiro, M.A.2    Dunn, J.3    Sesso, R.4    Laranjeira, R.5
  • 11
    • 34547850957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crack use in North American cities: The neglected "epidemic"
    • 17697268
    • Fischer B, Coghlan M. Crack use in North American cities: the neglected "epidemic". Addiction. 2007;102:1340-1.
    • (2007) Addiction , vol.102 , pp. 1340-1341
    • Fischer, B.1    Coghlan, M.2
  • 13
    • 67650799286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health consequences of illegal drug use
    • 19378381
    • Chen CY, Lin KM. Health consequences of illegal drug use. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2009;22:287-92.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 287-292
    • Chen, C.Y.1    Lin, K.M.2
  • 15
    • 78049384831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surviving crack: A qualitative study of the strategies and tatics developed by Brazilian users to deal with the risks associated
    • 3091576 21050465
    • Ribeiro LA, Sanchez ZM, Nappo SA. Surviving crack: a qualitative study of the strategies and tatics developed by Brazilian users to deal with the risks associated. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:671.
    • (2010) BMC Public Health , vol.10 , pp. 671
    • Ribeiro, L.A.1    Sanchez, Z.M.2    Nappo, S.A.3
  • 16
    • 84860643018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crack cocaine craving: Behaviors and coping strategies among current and former users
    • 21894428
    • Chaves TV, Sanchez ZM, Ribeiro LA, Nappo SA. Crack cocaine craving: behaviors and coping strategies among current and former users. Rev Saude Publica. 2011;45(6):1168-75.
    • (2011) Rev Saude Publica , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 1168-1175
    • Chaves, T.V.1    Sanchez, Z.M.2    Ribeiro, L.A.3    Nappo, S.A.4
  • 17
    • 84937801467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "what a pity"-Exploring the use of "pitilho" as harm reduction among crack users in Salvador, Brazil
    • Prevention and Policy, online.
    • Andrade T, Santiago L, Amari E, Fischer B: "What a pity"-exploring the use of "pitilho" as harm reduction among crack users in Salvador, Brazil. Drug: Education, Prevention and Policy 2010, 1-3, online.
    • (2010) Drug: Education , pp. 1-3
    • Andrade, T.1    Santiago, L.2    Amari, E.3    Fischer, B.4
  • 18
    • 0003711421 scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization Geneva: Division of Mental Health
    • World Health Organization. Qualitative research for health programs. Geneva: Division of Mental Health; 1994
    • (1994) Qualitative Research for Health Programs
  • 21
    • 0034620170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing qualitative data
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FptVOgug%3D%3D
    • Pope C, Ziebland S, Mays N. Analysing qualitative data. Br Med J. 2000;320:114-6.
    • (2000) Br Med J , vol.320 , pp. 114-116
    • Pope, C.1    Ziebland, S.2    Mays, N.3
  • 23
    • 84937801752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creswell JW: Research design: Qualitative
    • quantitative and mixed methods approaches
    • Creswell JW: Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. 3rd edition: London: Sage Publications; 2009.
    • (2009) 3rd Edition: London: Sage Publications
  • 24
    • 0020195503 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine smoking
    • Siegel RK. Cocaine smoking. J Psychoactive Drugs. 1982;4(4):271-359.
    • (1982) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-359
    • Siegel, R.K.1
  • 25
    • 84965587822 scopus 로고
    • Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling
    • Biernacki P, Waldorf D. Snowball sampling: problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociol Methods Res. 1981;10(2):141-63.
    • (1981) Sociol Methods Res , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-163
    • Biernacki, P.1    Waldorf, D.2
  • 28
    • 85020244377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd ed. Lisboa: EdiçÃμ es
    • Bardin L. AnÃilise de Conteðdo, vol. 70. 3rd ed. Lisboa: EdiçÃμ es; 2004.
    • (2004) AnÃilise de Conteðdo , vol.70
    • Bardin, L.1
  • 29
  • 30
    • 84937786489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • accessed on March 05
    • SENAD-National Office on Drug Policy: [ http://www.obid.senad.gov.br/portais/OBID/index.php[ (accessed on March 05, 2015).
    • (2015) SENAD-National Office on Drug Policy
  • 31
    • 77953828282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is crack cocaine use associated with greater violence than powdered cocaine use? Results from a national sample
    • 20560836
    • Vaughn MG, Perron BE, Bohnert AS, Howard MO. Is crack cocaine use associated with greater violence than powdered cocaine use? Results from a national sample. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36(4):181-6.
    • (2010) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 181-186
    • Vaughn, M.G.1    Perron, B.E.2    Bohnert, A.S.3    Howard, M.O.4
  • 32
    • 84904856890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violent and sexual behaviors and lifetime use of crack cocaine: A population-based study in Brazil
    • Pinheiro RT, Kapczinski F, Silva RA, Pechansky F, Magalhães PV. Violent and sexual behaviors and lifetime use of crack cocaine: a population-based study in Brazil. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(8):1249-55.
    • (2014) Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 1249-1255
    • Pinheiro, R.T.1    Kapczinski, F.2    Silva, R.A.3    Pechansky, F.4    Magalhães, P.V.5
  • 33
    • 84892518796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing key characteristics of young adult crack users in and out-of-treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    • 3896734 24406052
    • Cruz M, Bertoni N, Bastos FI, Burnett C, Gooch J, Fisher B. Comparing key characteristics of young adult crack users in and out-of-treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2014;9:2.
    • (2014) Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy , vol.9 , pp. 2
    • Cruz, M.1    Bertoni, N.2    Bastos, F.I.3    Burnett, C.4    Gooch, J.5    Fisher, B.6
  • 34
    • 4043055159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The good and the bad effects of (2) trans-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) on humans
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtlOksLo%3D 15302527
    • Carlini EA. The good and the bad effects of (2) trans-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC) on humans. Toxicon. 2004;44:461-7.
    • (2004) Toxicon , vol.44 , pp. 461-467
    • Carlini, E.A.1
  • 35
    • 33746139659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of cannabis as a medicine: A review
    • 16810401
    • Zuardi AW. History of cannabis as a medicine: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2006;28(2):153-7.
    • (2006) Rev Bras Psiquiatr , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-157
    • Zuardi, A.W.1
  • 36
    • 0019604414 scopus 로고
    • Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL38%2FltlGltA%3D%3D 7028792
    • Carlini EA, Cunha JM. Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of cannabidiol. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21(8-9):417S-27.
    • (1981) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.21 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 417S-27
    • Carlini, E.A.1    Cunha, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0020077838 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant effects of the (-) and (+) isomers of cannabidiol and their dimethylheptyl homologs
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XhtFGms7k%3D 7071126
    • Leite JR, Carlini EA, Lander N, Mechoulan R. Anticonvulsant effects of the (-) and (+) isomers of cannabidiol and their dimethylheptyl homologs. Pharmacology. 1982;24(3):141-6.
    • (1982) Pharmacology , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-146
    • Leite, J.R.1    Carlini, E.A.2    Lander, N.3    Mechoulan, R.4
  • 38
    • 84907198220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic benefits of Cannabis: A patient survey
    • 3998228 24765558
    • Webb CW, Webb SM. Therapeutic benefits of Cannabis: A patient survey. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2014;73(4):109-11.
    • (2014) Hawaii J Med Public Health , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 109-111
    • Webb, C.W.1    Webb, S.M.2
  • 39
    • 84900504430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic satisfaction and subjective effects of different strains of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXnsFeksb0%3D 24747979
    • Brunt TM, van Genugten M, Höner-Snoeken K, van de Velde MJ, Niesink RJ. Therapeutic satisfaction and subjective effects of different strains of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;34(3):344-9.
    • (2014) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 344-349
    • Brunt, T.M.1    Van Genugten, M.2    Höner-Snoeken, K.3    Van De Velde, M.J.4    Niesink, R.J.5
  • 40
    • 54249156391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol: From an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with spectrum of action
    • 18833429
    • Zuardi AW. Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with spectrum of action. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2008;30(3):271-80.
    • (2008) Rev Bras Psiquiatr , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-280
    • Zuardi, A.W.1
  • 41
    • 84903747058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Therapeutic Prospects
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXos1Giu7c%3D
    • Robson PJ, Guy GW, Di Marzo V. Cannabinoids and Schizophrenia: Therapeutic Prospects. Current Pharm Des. 2014;20(13):2194-204.
    • (2014) Current Pharm des , vol.20 , Issue.13 , pp. 2194-2204
    • Robson, P.J.1    Guy, G.W.2    Di Marzo, V.3
  • 45
    • 84937792891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The place of the state on the issue of drugs: The prohibitionist paradigm and the alternative
    • Fiori M. The place of the state on the issue of drugs: the prohibitionist paradigm and the alternative. Novos estudos CEBRAP. 2012;92:9-21.
    • (2012) Novos Estudos CEBRAP , vol.92 , pp. 9-21
    • Fiori, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.