To be or not to be?: An analysis of the legal and political elements of statehood in the EU's external identity

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 223-241

  Tiilikainen, Teija ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937575484     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1011431707013     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. See for instance C. Hill and W. Wallace, 'Introduction: Actors and Actions' in C. Hill (ed.), The Actors in Europe's Foreign Policy (Routledge, London, 1996) at p. 13.
2. I. MacLeod, I.D. Hendry and S. Hyett, The External Relations of the European Communities (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996), at 45-47;
3. D. Lasok and K.P.E. Lasok, Law and Institutions of the European Union (Butterworth, London, 1994) pp. 58-66.
4. R. Corbett, 'The 1985 Intergovernmental Conference and the Single European Act' in Pryce, R., (ed.), The Dynamics of European Union (Routledge, London and New York, 1989), pp. 238-272;
5. on the preparations for the Maastricht Treaty, see R. Corbett, The Treaty of Maastricht (Longman, Harlow, 1993);
6. on the preparations for the Treaty of Amsterdam, see S. George, 'Britain and the IGC' in G. Edwards and A. Pijpers (eds), The Politics of European Treaty Reform (Pinter, London and Washington, 1997) pp. 100-118.
7. Concerning the identity problematics, see T. Tiilikainen, Europe and Finland; Defining the Political Identity of Finland in Western Europe (Ashgate, Aldershot, 1998) pp. 19-25;
8. A. Smith, 'National Identity and the Idea of European Unity', 68 International Affairs (1992) pp. 55-76;
9. B. Laffan, 'The Politics of Identity and Political Order in Europe', 34 Journal of Common Market Studies (1996), pp. 81-102.
10. Jo Shaw (Law of the European Union, MacMillan, London, 1996, at p. 65)
11. and J.H.H. Weiler ('The Reformation of European Constitutionalism', 35 Journal of Common Market Studies, 1997, at p. 124) refer to the German Constitutional Court which in its Maastricht decision held that the EU lacks competence-competence.
12. R. Wessel, 'The International Legal Status of the European Union', (1997) 2 EFA Rev, pp. 109-129
13. or J. Klabbers, 'Presumptive Personality: The European Union in International Law' in M. Koskenniemi (ed.), International Law Aspect of the European Union (Kluwer, The Hague 1998) pp. 231-253.
14. M. Koskenniemi, 'International Law Aspects of the Common Foreign and Security Policy' in M. Koskenniemi (ed.), International Law Aspects of the European Union (Kluwer, The Hague, 1998), pp. 27-44, at p. 34.
15. K.J. Holsti, The Dividing Discipline (Allen & Unwin, London and Sydney 1985), pp. 15-40;
16. M. Wight, International Theory, The Three Traditions (Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1993).
17. Robert O. Keohane's After Hegemony; Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984).
18. H. Morgenthau, Politics among Nations (Alfred A.Knopf, New York, 1961), at p. 139.
19. J. Monar, 'The European Union's Foreign Affairs System after the Treaty of Amsterdam: A “Strengthened Capacity for External Action”?', (1997) 2 EFA Rev, pp. 413-436.
20. Cologne European Council, Presidency Conclusions, 3 and 4 June 1999, Annex III.
21. The temporary organs that were established are the Political and Security Committee, the Military Committee and the Military Staff (Helsinki European Council, Presidency Conclusions, 10 and 11 December 1999, Annex I.V.).
22. The role and tasks of the Political and Security Committee were confirmed in the Treaty of Nice (Provisional text approved by the Intergovernmental Conference on institutional reform, Brussels, 12 December 2000), Art. 25. The roles and tasks of the Military Committee and the Military Staff were confirmed in the Presidency Report on the European Security and Defence Policy (Annexes III-V) approved by the EC in the Nice Summit.