Civilizing the anarchical society: Multilateral security processes in the asia-pacific

Contemporary Southeast Asia

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 187-202

  Huisken, Ron ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937382278     PISSN: 0129797X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1355/CS24-2A     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society (London: Macmillan, 1977).
2. For a more extensive discussion of this issue, see the author’s “Asia-Pacific Security: Taking Charge, Collectively”, Working Paper No. 368 (Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, May 2002).
3. Nicholas Lemann, “The Next World Order”, The New Yorker, 1 April 2002.
4. USA Today, 29 October 1997.
5. Warren I. Cohen, East Asia at the Center (Columbia University Press, 2000), p. 4.
6. A good review of this issue can be found in Shaoguang Wang, “The Military Expenditure of China, 1989–98”, SIPRI Yearbook 1999 (Oxford University Press, 1999) pp. 334–49.
7. See James Mann, About Face (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), especially pp. 369–76.
8. Quoted in John Pomfret, “In Fact and in Tone, U.S. Expresses New Fondness for Taiwan”, Washington Post, 30 April 2002.
9. Address to the annual dinner of the Asia Society, New York, 10 June 2002.
10. President Bush, Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People, 20 September 2001.
11. President Bush, State of the Union Address, 29 January 2002.
12. Quoted in Fred Hiatt, “Counterweight to China”, Washington Post, 5 May 1997, p. 19.
13. “The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership”, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Washington D.C., 11 October 2000. The authors included Richard Armitage (currently Deputy Secretary of State), Paul Wolfowitz (currently Deputy Secretary of Defense), and Joseph Nye (Assistant Secretary of Defense under President Clinton). It is often referred to as the Armitage/Nye Report.
14. Kokubun Ryosei, “Japan-China Relations after the Cold War”, Japan Echo, April 2001, p. 14.
15. See, for example, Richard K. Betts, “Wealth, Power and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War”, International Security (Winter 1993/94); and Aaron L. Friedberg, “Ripe for Rivalry: Prospects for Peace in a Multipolar World”, International Security (Winter 1993/94).
16. “The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership”; and the Central International Agency, National Intelligence Council, “Global Trends 2015: A Dialogue about the Future with Nongovernmental Experts” (Washington D.C., December 2000).
17. I am indebted to Robert Manning for this characterization of the risk. See Robert A. Manning, “The Perils of Being Number 1: East Asian Trends and U.S. Policies to 2025” (Paper presented at a conference on “East Asia and the United States: Current Status and Five-Year Outlook”, Washington DC, 17 February 2000).
18. For an excellent presentation, and a guide to the literature on this topic, see Michael Mandelbaum, “Is Major War Obsolete?”, Survival (Winter 1998–99), pp. 20–38.
19. For an excellent overview, see Aaron L. Friedberg, “Will Europe’s Past be Asia’s Future”, Survival (Autumn 2000), pp. 147–57.
20. See, in particular, Kishore Mahbubani, “The Pacific Impulse”, Survival (Spring 1995), pp. 105–20. For an earlier analysis concluding that China’s dominance complicates parallels with Europe, see Coral Bell, The Asian Balance of Power: A Comparison with European Precedents, Adelphi Paper No. 44 (London: Institute for Strategic Studies, 1968).
21. The literature on multilateralism in Asia is extensive. Two good discussions, with extensive references to this literature, are John S. Duffield, “Why is there No APTO? Why is there No OSCAP?: Asia Pacific Security Institutions in Comparative Perspective”, Contemporary Security Policy (August 2001), pp. 69–95; and G. John Ikenberry and Jitsuo Tsuchiyama, “Between Balance of Power and Community: The Future of Multilateral Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific”, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 2 (2002): 69–94. On ASEAN in particular, see Amitav Acharya, Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order (New York: Routledge, 2000).
22. Japan, in fact, initially broached such an initiative in 1990 but this fell on deaf ears until ASEAN picked it up.
23. Paul Dibb, “The Emerging Geopolitics of the Asia-Pacific Region”, Working Paper No. 296 (Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, June 1996), p. 18.
24. Desmond Ball, “A Critical Review of Multilateral Security Co-operation in the Asia Pacific Region” (Paper presented at the inaugural conference of the Asia Pacific Security Forum on “The Impetus of Change in the Asia-Pacific Security Environment”, Taipei, 1–3 September 1997).