“To Make the Wheels Revolve We Must Have Grease”: Barrel Politics in the Gilded Age

Journal of Policy History

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 49-72

  Summers, Mark Wahlgren ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84937380694     PISSN: 08980306     EISSN: 15284190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jph.2002.0005     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Z. Fuller to Thomas Jenckes, 28 August 1868, Thomas Jenckes MSS, Library of Congress.
2. Leon Burr Richardson, William E. Chandler, Republican (New York, 1940), 96-98;
3. Irving Katz, August Belmont: A Political Biography (New York, 1968), 180-82.
4. James A. Briggs to William C. Claflin, 8 September 1868, Claflin MSS;
5. on Indiana in 1872, see Edwin Morgan to William C. Claflin, 17, 25 September 1872, Claflin MSS;
6. Thomas L. Tullock to William E. Chandler, 13 October 1868, Tullock to Claflin, 30 October 1868, Chandler MSS; William E. Chandler to William C. Claflin, 12 November 1872, Claflin MSS. Tullock's letter suggests that the full #x0024;5,000 may not have been delivered. For the later neglect of the South, see A. H. Pettibone to Edward McPherson, 18 September 1884, McPherson MSS. For Indiana's neglect, once it stopped being an “October state,” see Robert D. Marcus, Grand Old Party: Political Structure in the Gilded Age, 1880-1896 (New York, 1971), 96. For a November state's neglect, see Edwin D. Morgan to O. C. Moore, 22 October 1872, Morgan MSS.
7. Edwin D. Morgan to Henry D. Cooke, 4 October 1872, Morgan MSS;
8. Edward McPherson to John Roach, 2 February 1885, McPherson MSS.
9. William E. Chandler to William C. Claflin, 20 November 1868, Claflin MSS.
10. Detroit Free Press, 17 September 1886;
11. Cincinnati Enquirer, 1 February 1881;
12. Joseph R. Hawley to Edwin D. Morgan, 1 September 1872, Morgan MSS;
13. Benjamin F. Whittemore to William Claflin, 7 September 1868
14. A. J. Wright to J. M. S. Williams, 16 December 1868, Claflin MSS.
15. Katz, August Belmont, 176–77;
16. J. B. Chaffee to Edward McPherson, 8 October 1884, McPherson MSS;
17. J. C. F. Beyland to William E. Chandler, 30 August 1884, Chandler MSS;
18. New York Times, 24 August 1884 (humor magazine).
19. On the Cincinnati German press, see Richardson, William E. Chandler, 148–49;
20. Edwin Morgan to William C. Claflin, 21, 23, 27 September 1872, Claflin MSS;
21. Cincinnati Gazette, 14, 30 September, 2 October 1872.
22. New York Herald, 1 November 1882, 2 November 1884;
23. New York Sun, 31 October 1886.
24. Thomas M. Kelly to Samuel J. Randall, 18 October 1880, Randall MSS (tax receipts)
25. New York Standard, 3 November 1888 (tax receipts)
26. F. A. Healy to Wendell Anderson, 11 October 1876, Wendell Anderson MSS, State Historical Society of Wisconsin;
27. Charles St. J. Collis to Elihu Washburne, 13 November 1868, Washburne MSS (naturalization papers).
28. New York Standard, 10 April 1888.
29. For vote-buying in Indiana in 1888, see Walter Q. Gresham to Noble C. Butler, 30 October 1888, Noble C. Butler MSS, Indiana Historical Society.
30. A Pennsylvanian, “The Ills of Pennsylvania,” Atlantic, 88 (October 1901), 562;
31. U. S. Trammell to John C. Houk, 29 October 1894, Houk Family MSS, McClung Library, Knoxville.
32. Edgar J. Levey, “An Election in New York,” North American Review 145 (December 1887): 681;
33. New York Standard (21 April 1888)
34. Henry George, “Money in Elections,” North American Review 136 (February 1883): 202;
35. New York Sun, 25 November 1888;
36. Thomas E. Will, “Political Corruption: How Best Oppose?” Arena 10 (November 1894): 848;
37. David A. Biggs to John C. Houk, 22 October 1894, L. R. Carden to John C. Houk, 28 October 1894, Houk Family MSS;
38. “M. C.” Nation, 18 November 1880;
39. New York Sun, 11 December 1884;
40. S. B. Chase to Luman H. Weller, 6 November 1884, W. R. Mead to Weller, 12 November 1884
41. Luman H. Weller MSS, State Historical Society of Wisconsin; Concord Labor Reform Dispatch, 11 February 1870.
42. Richardson, William E. Chandler, 112–13;
43. James A. Briggs to William C. Claflin, 8 September 1868, Carl Schurz to Claflin, 2 August 1868, Claflin MSS.
44. James A. Kehl, Boss Rule in the Gilded Age: Matt Quay of Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh, 1981), 98; James G. Blaine to Whitelaw Reid, 26 January 1888, Reid MSS; for other private complaints, see A. London Sowdue to Edward McPherson, 27 August 1884, Edward McPherson MSS, Library of Congress.
45. Marcus, Grand Old Party, 66–67, 134-36.
46. Mark D. Hirsch, William C. Whitney, Modern Warwick (New York, 1948), 238-39.
47. Richardson, William E. Chandler, 98–100;
48. Dorman B. Eaton, “Political Assessments,” North American Review 135 (September 1882): 197–201;
49. Indianapolis News, 3 November 1884.
50. Marcus, Grand Old Party, 86–87, 178—79;
51. Whitelaw Reid to James G. Blaine, 18 October 1884, Reid MSS;
52. Joseph Cannon to Edward McPherson, 29 July 1884, Edward McPherson MSS;
53. New York Evening Post, 15 September 1884;
54. Bangor Commercial, 25 August 1884;
55. James S. Clarkson to E. Halford, 23 April 1892, Benjamin Harrison MSS, Library of Congress.
56. New York Times, 24 August, 27 September 1884;
57. Ivins, Machine Politics, 55;
58. “A Congressman's Reveries,” New York Sun, 18 November 1888.
59. Ivins, Machine Politics, 54–58, 65-67;
60. New York Standard, 20 October 1888, 5 January 1889;
61. “A Millionaire Senate,” Harper's Weekly, 30 November 1889, 951.
62. A. T. Glaze to William A. Anderson, 17 June 1876, Anderson MSS;
63. Cincinnati Enquirer, 22 June 1876;
64. Eugene Casserly to Manton Marble, 26 November 1874
65. S. L. M. Barlow to Marble, 16 August 1886, Marble MSS.
66. Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of David Wilber, 51st Cong. 1st sess. (Washington, D.C. 1890), 3–4, 8; New York Herald, 9, 19 October 1886;
67. Walter H. Bunn to Daniel Lamont, 21 October 1886, Grover Cleveland MSS, Library of Congress;
68. New York Times, 7 October 1888.
69. Katz, August Belmont, 175–77;
70. National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 2:206–7.
71. “Rhode Island,” Harper's Weekly, 21 April 1888, 278;
72. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 10 March 1887.
73. John A. McMahon to Samuel J. Randall, 12 September 1880, Randall MSS;
74. Cincinnati Enquirer, 22, 30 July, 7 August 1880.
75. Chicago Tribune, 9 July 1884.
76. “A Free Vote for New York,” Harper's Weekly, 26 May 1888, 371;
77. Lewis R. Rathgeber, “The Democratic Party in Pennsylvania, 1880-1896,” Ph.D. diss. University of Pittsburgh, 1885, 133.
78. Philadelphia Record, 8, 11, 14 August 1886;
79. Rathgeber, “Democratic Party in Pennsylvania,” 144.
80. John Swinton's Paper, 25 May, 1 June, 12 July 1884, 14 June 1885.
81. Henry George, “Money in Elections,” North American Review 136 (February 1883): 206–9.