Alienation and belonging - Women's citizenship and emancipation: Visions for sudan's post-islamist future

New Political Science

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 25-43

  Hale, Sondra ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937337624     PISSN: 07393148     EISSN: 14699931     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07393140120030322     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. 2000. Human Rights Program of the Fund for Peace, The New Sudan Human Rights and Governance Report: A Needs Assessment with Recommended Initiatives for Reform, 1New York: Human Rights Program and Fund for Peace. The debates include the use of the term "New Sudan." According to the dominant southern Sudanese liberation group, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), the term refers to the area in the southern Sudan controlled by the SPLM/A. See, for example, the Other progressive groups and some academics use the term and have been accused of appropriating it if they are not using it with reference to the SPLM/A.
2. Hale, Sondra. 1996. Gender Politics in Sudan: Islamic, Socialism, and the State, Boulder: Westview Press. This essay is based upon my own participation in these debates about women and the "New Sudan" (used broadly). It derives from my decades of research on and in Sudan and on my decades' long feminist and leftist activism. See
3. Hale, Sondra. 1995. "Gender and Economics: Islam and Polygamy-A Question of Causality,". Feminist Economics, 1 (2): 1–13. I have used material from a Feminist Economics article I wrote in response to economist Barbara Bergman's sweeping stereotype of Muslim women as leading "dismal" lives. See. Ideas were also gleaned from a residency at the University of California Humanities Research Institute in 1999. The theme of the residency was "Gender and Citizenship in Muslim Communities."
4. Molyneux, Maxine. 1985. "Mobilization without Emancipation? Women's Interests, the State, and Revolution in Nicaragua,". Feminist Studies, 11 (2): 227–254.
5. Moghadam, Valentine, ed. 1994. Identity Politics and Women: Cultural Reassertions and Feminisms in International Perspective, Boulder: Westview. The concept of "feminism" was one of the important underpinnings of this collection, with authors debating with each other. One contributor, for example, chose to use the term "gender activist" instead of "feminist."
6. Fernea, Elizabeth Warnock. 1998. In Search of Islamic Feminism: One Woman's Global Journey, 160416New York: Doubleday.
7. Lazreg, Marnia. 1994. The Eloquence of Silence: Algerinn Women in Question, 10New York: Routledge.
8. Hale, Sondra. 1997. "Ideology and Identity: Islamism, Gender and the State in Sudan," ”. In Mixed Blessings: Gender and Religious Fundamentalism, Edited by: Brink, J., and Mencher, J., 117–142. New York: Routledge.
9. 1996b. "'The New Muslim Woman': Sudan's National Islamic Front and the Invention of Identity,". Muslim World, 86 (2): 177–200.
10. 1999. "Mothers and Militias: Islamic State Construction of the Women Citizens of Northern Sudan,". Citizenship Studies, 3 (3): 373–386.
11. Lowrie, A. L., ed. 1993. Islam, Democracy, the State and the West: A Round Table with Dr. Hasan Turabi, Monograph No. 1 46–47. Tampa, FA: The World and Islam Studies Enterprise.
12. el-Badawi, Suad el-Fatih. 1986. "The Women Members of the Constituent Assembly,". El-Sahafa, May 3: 10
13. Osman, Dina Sheikh el-Din. 1985. "The Legal Status of Muslim Women in the Sudan,". Journal of East African Research and Development, 15: 124–142. See Hale (1996a, pp. 137-139) fora summary of, and an analysis of the protective nature of Sudanese constitutions with regard to women.
14. el-Sanousi, Magda, and el-Amin, Nafissa. 1994. "Sudan," ”. In Women and Politics Worldwide, Edited by: Nelson, Barbara, and Chowdhury, Najma. 679New Haven: Yale University Press.; and Hale (1996a), Chapter 4.
15. 1991. Africa Watch,: 7