The EU, trade, environment and unilateralism: Passing the buck

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 9-34

  Van Calster, Geert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937330376     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1009832808991     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. 'Report of Panel on United States - Restrictions on Imports of Tuna' (unadopted), reproduced in (1991) 30 ILM, p. 1594.
2. For an overview of the types of unilateral environmental action, see S. Charnovitz, 'Environmental Trade Measures: Multilateral or Unilateral?' (1993/94) Environmental Policy and Law, pp. 154-159 at 154.
3. See, inter alia, C. T. Feddersen, 'Focusing on Substantive Law in International Economic Relations: the public morals of GATT's Article XX(a) and “Conventional” Rules of Interpretation' (1998) The Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, pp. 75-122 at 98 et seq.
4. P. Demaret, 'TREMs, Multilateralism and the GATT', in J. Cameron, P. Demaret and D. Geradin (eds), Trade and the Environment: The Search for Balance (Cameron, London, 1994), pp. 52-68 at 65.
5. See C. T. Feddersen, n. 8 above, p. 112; E. Mcgovern, International Trade Regulation (Globefield Press, Exeter (loose leafed) 1995), at §13.12.
6. See C. T. Feddersen, n. 8 above, pp. 113 and 115, referring, inter alia, to E. Mcgovern, 'Dispute Settlement in the GATT - Adjudication or Negotiation?', in M. Hilf et al. (eds), The European Community and GATT (1986), p. 80.
7. 'Report of Panel on Thailand - Restrictions on Importation of an Internal Taxes on Cigarettes' BISD 37S/200 (1990).
8. Together with the government and population within its frontiers: see I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1996), p. 107.
9. R. Jennings, and A. Watts (eds), Oppenheim's International Law - Ninth Edition (Longman, London 1996 (2nd Vol.)), Vol. 1, Par. 17, 51 referring to the Lotus Case of the Permanent Court of International Justice: PCIJ, 1927, Series A, No. 10.
10. Most comprehensively indeed by M. Akehurst, 'Jurisdiction in International Law' (1972-73) The British Yearbook of International Law (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1975), pp. 145-257.
11. H. M. Kindred et al. (eds), International Law (Emond Montgomery Ltd., Toronto, 1993), p. 491.
12. See R. Blackhurst, and A. Subramanian, 'Promoting Multilateral Co-operation on the Environment', in K. Anderson, and R. Blackhurst (eds), Greening World Trade Issues (Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, 1992), pp. 247-268.
13. B. Cheng, 'The Legal Regime of Airspace and Outer Space: the Boundary Problem. Functionalism v Spatialism: The Major Premises', Annals of Air & Space Law (McGill-Queens University, Quebec, 1980), pp. 323-361 at 337.
14. E. L. M. Völker, 'The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade', in J. H. J. Bourgeois, F. Berrod and E. Gippini Fournier (eds), The Uruguay Round Results - A European Lawyer's Perspective (European University Press, Brussels, College of Europe, 1996), pp. 281-310 at 284.
15. E-U. Petersmann, 'International Trade Law and International Environmental Law - Prevention and Settlement of International Disputes in GATT' (1993) 1 Journal of World Trade, pp. 43-81 at 66.
16. A. Gesser, 'Canada's Environmental Choice Program: A Model for a “trade-friendly” Eco-labelling Scheme' (1998) Harvard International Law Journal, pp. 501-544 at 537.
17. M. Wynter, 'The Use of Market Mechanisms in the Shrimp-Turtle Dispute - The WTO's Response', on file with the author.
18. See G. Goh, and A. R. Ziegler, 'A Real World where People Live and Work and Die - Australian SPS Measures after the WTO Appellate Body's Decision in the Hormones Case' (1998) 5 Journal of World Trade, pp. 271-290 at 276-277.
19. H. Ward, 'Trade and Environment in the Round - and After' (1994) Journal of Environmental Law, pp. 263-295 at 283.