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85070124096
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The concept of a cadre in the Mao era is a very broad. It not only includes government employees but also includes persons managing parties (including minority parties), and all kinds of professionals. In short, it includes those who belong to the cadre system (compared to the worker system) except workers and peasants and staffs in other professions such as shop assistant. The cadres referred here are government employees who have been called civil servants since the promulgation of provisional regulations of civil servant in August 1993.
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The concept of a cadre in the Mao era is a very broad. It not only includes government employees but also includes persons managing parties (including minority parties), and all kinds of professionals. In short, it includes those who belong to the cadre system (compared to the worker system) except workers and peasants and staffs in other professions such as shop assistant. The cadres referred here are government employees who have been called civil servants since the promulgation of provisional regulations of civil servant in August 1993.
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2
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85070130924
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The Status of the Chinese Communist Party in National War
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Beijing: Peoples Publishing House,. In
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Mao, Tse-tung. 1991. “ The Status of the Chinese Communist Party in National War ”. In Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Vol. II, 528Beijing: People's Publishing House.
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(1991)
Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung
, vol.2
, pp. 528
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Mao, T.-T.1
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5
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85070130919
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Beijing: Beijing University Press, According to the list of cadres positions, the management jurisdiction before 1984 reached two levels below. other words, the Central Committee of the CCP was charge of the personnel at the provincial and ministerial level while the bureau level was managed by the provinces and ministries
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Chaozi. 1986. The Outline of the Personnel System of the People's Republic of China, 41Beijing: Beijing University Press. According to the list of cadres' positions, the management jurisdiction before 1984 reached two levels below. In other words, the Central Committee of the CCP was in charge of the personnel at the provincial and ministerial level while the bureau level was managed by the provinces and ministries
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(1986)
The Outline of the Personnel System of the People's Republic of China
, pp. 41
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Chaozi1
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8
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85070130384
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th Congress 1992 set the target of establishing market economy. That was the background of the process the second stage
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th Congress in 1992 set the target of establishing market economy. That was the background of the process in the second stage.
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Xiaoping, X.1
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9
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85070133961
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Report to the Party's 13th Congress
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Zhao, Ziyang. 1987. Report to the Party's 13th Congress. Xinhua Monthly, 11: 57
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(1987)
Xinhua Monthly
, vol.11
, pp. 57
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Zhao, Z.1
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11
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85070123509
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September, Wu Jinlian talked about economic system reform and the three waves of corruption
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1995. Forum of Market Economy, September Wu Jinlian talked about economic system reform and the three waves of corruption
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(1995)
Forum of Market Economy
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13
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85070121346
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Beijing: Peoples Publishing House, According to the statistics, the average salary of government employees from 1990 to 1992 was 5.02 % lower that that of those working enterprises. The salary gap was even bigger when one compares the cadres government with those enterprises. The latter received 22 % higher than the former as was found out by a survey conducted by the Personnel Department 1990, ed
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Xu, Songstao, ed. 1993. Understanding the Provisional Regulations of State Civil Servants, 203Beijing: People's Publishing House. According to the statistics, the average salary of government employees from 1990 to 1992 was 5.02 % lower that that of those working in enterprises. The salary gap was even bigger when one compares the cadres in government with those in enterprises. The latter received 22 % higher than the former as was found out by a survey conducted by the Personnel Department in 1990
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(1993)
Understanding the Provisional Regulations of State Civil Servants
, pp. 203
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Xu, S.1
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14
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85070127071
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The government began to show its advantage in the area of job security. It was mainly due to the job security that government has once again attracted many university graduates. According to a report in Fomm of Service, Nanjing, December 6, 1997, 23,000 people, among whom 15,000 were university graduates, took the entry test for central ministries
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This situation has changed since 1995, the year that witnessed a large number of unemployed people in enterprises. The government began to show its advantage in the area of job security. It was mainly due to the job security that government has once again attracted many university graduates. According to a report in Fomm of Service, Nanjing, December 6, 1997, 23,000 people, among whom 15,000 were university graduates, took the entry test for central ministries. The admission ratio between applicants and vacancies was 16: 1.
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The admission ratio between applicants and vacancies was
, vol.16
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16
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85070128740
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28 %; unemployment, 20.2 %; state-owned enterprises, 18.2%; safe environment, 8.9%; social security, 8.3%; economic order, 6.2%
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According to the survey, the most serious problems in social life, as seen by the people, was as follows: cadres' corruption, 28 %; unemployment, 20.2 %; state-owned enterprises, 18.2%; safe environment, 8.9%; social security, 8.3%; economic order, 6.2%.
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According to the survey, the most serious problems in social life, as seen by the people, was as follows: cadres' corruption
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