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1
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84977042959
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The Legal and Illegal Dominican in New York
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New York: Teachers College Press Glauco A. Pérez Paper delivered at the Conference on Hispanic Migration to New York City: Global Trends and Neighborhood Change, New York University, New York, 4 Dec. 1981 Sebastián Ravelo and Pedro J. del Rosario Impacto de los dominicanos ausentes en el financiamiento rural Santiago, Dominican Republic: Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra 1986 Eugenia Georges “Distribución de los efectos de la migración internacional sobre una comunidad de la Sierra Occidental,” in La inmigración dominicana en los Estados Unidos ed. José del Castillo and Christopher Mitchel ( Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editorial CENAPEC, 1987); Sherri Grasmuck and Patricia Pessar Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration Berkeley: University of California Press 1991
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Glenn L. Hendricks, The Dominican Diaspora: From the Dominican Republic to New York City—Villagers in Transition (New York: Teachers College Press, 1974); Glauco A. Pérez, “The Legal and Illegal Dominican in New York” (Paper delivered at the Conference on Hispanic Migration to New York City: Global Trends and Neighborhood Change, New York University, New York, 4 Dec. 1981); Sebastián Ravelo and Pedro J. del Rosario, Impacto de los dominicanos ausentes en el financiamiento rural (Santiago, Dominican Republic: Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, 1986); Eugenia Georges, “Distribución de los efectos de la migración internacional sobre una comunidad de la Sierra Occidental,” in La inmigración dominicana en los Estados Unidos, ed. José del Castillo and Christopher Mitchel (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editorial CENAPEC, 1987); Sherri Grasmuck and Patricia Pessar, Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
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(1974)
The Dominican Diaspora: From the Dominican Republic to New York City—Villagers in Transition
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Hendricks, G.L.1
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2
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0039381296
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The 1990 U.S. census reports 520,151 people of Dominican origin, a figure vehemently disputed by Dominican leaders as a gross undercount. The northeastern New Jersey, Miami, and Boston metropolitan areas, respectively, follow New York as the largest concentrations of Dominicans. U.S., Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division
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The 1990 U.S. census reports 520,151 people of Dominican origin, a figure vehemently disputed by Dominican leaders as a gross undercount. The northeastern New Jersey, Miami, and Boston metropolitan areas, respectively, follow New York as the largest concentrations of Dominicans. U.S., Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Persons of Hispanic Origin in the United States: 1990 (Washington, DC: Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Population Division, 1991).
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(1991)
Persons of Hispanic Origin in the United States: 1990
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3
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84977021609
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Between Two Islands
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Grasmuck and Pessar, Nelson Ramirez et al. San José, Costa Rica: Centro Latinoamericano de Demograf/l=i’/a Alejandro Portes and Luis E. Guarnizo “Tropical Capitalists: U.S.-Bound Immigration and Small-Enterprise Development in the Dominican Republic,” in Migration, Remittances and Small Business Development: Mexico and Caribbean Basin Countries ed. Sergio Díaz-Briquets and Sidney Weintraub ( Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); Luis E. Guarnizo, “One Country in Two: Dominican-Owned Enterprises in New York and in the Dominican Republic” (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1992); idem “Going Home: Class, Gender, and Household Transformation among Dominican Return Migrants” (Research report, Commission for Hemispheric Migration and Refugee Policy, Georgetown University 1993
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Grasmuck and Pessar, Between Two Islands; Nelson Ramirez et al., República Dominicana: Población y desarrollo 1950-1985 (San José, Costa Rica: Centro Latinoamericano de Demograf/l=i’/a, 1988); Alejandro Portes and Luis E. Guarnizo, “Tropical Capitalists: U.S.-Bound Immigration and Small-Enterprise Development in the Dominican Republic,” in Migration, Remittances and Small Business Development: Mexico and Caribbean Basin Countries, ed. Sergio Díaz-Briquets and Sidney Weintraub (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991); Luis E. Guarnizo, “One Country in Two: Dominican-Owned Enterprises in New York and in the Dominican Republic” (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1992); idem, “Going Home: Class, Gender, and Household Transformation among Dominican Return Migrants” (Research report, Commission for Hemispheric Migration and Refugee Policy, Georgetown University, 1993).
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(1988)
República Dominicana: Población y desarrollo 1950-1985
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4
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84977059452
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In addition to metropolitan New York, Dominican-owned businesses also flourish in northeastern New Jersey, and in the Boston and Miami metropolitan areas. See Guarnizo, “One Country in Two”; Portes and Guarnizo, “Tropical Capitalists”; Peggy Levitt, “A Todos les Llamo Primo (I Call Everyone Cousin): The Social Basis for Latino Small Business” (Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
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In addition to metropolitan New York, Dominican-owned businesses also flourish in northeastern New Jersey, and in the Boston and Miami metropolitan areas. See Guarnizo, “One Country in Two”; Portes and Guarnizo, “Tropical Capitalists”; Peggy Levitt, “A Todos les Llamo Primo (I Call Everyone Cousin): The Social Basis for Latino Small Business” (Paper, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991).
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(1991)
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5
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84976996116
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Of 92 Dominican-owned firms surveyed in New York, 28.0 percent reported a net worth of under $30,000, 16.2 percent reported up to $10,000, and 35.9 percent reported a net worth of over $100,000. Nine of the sampled firms were worth $1 million or more. Guarnizo,
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Of 92 Dominican-owned firms surveyed in New York, 28.0 percent reported a net worth of under $30,000, 16.2 percent reported up to $10,000, and 35.9 percent reported a net worth of over $100,000. Nine of the sampled firms were worth $1 million or more. Guarnizo, “One Country in Two,” p. 219.
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“One Country in Two,”
, pp. 219
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6
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84977059457
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One Country in Two
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The term “social capital” is used here to mean a wealth of intangible social resources—such as information, social support, personal connections, and so forth—indispensable for achieving social, economic, and political goals. “Ethnic social capital” refers to cases where social capital is bound by an ethnic identity. For a detailed discussion of social capital, see Guarnizo, chap. 9 Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc J. D. Wacquant Chicago: University of Chicago Press Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action,” American Journal of Sociology 1993
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The term “social capital” is used here to mean a wealth of intangible social resources—such as information, social support, personal connections, and so forth—indispensable for achieving social, economic, and political goals. “Ethnic social capital” refers to cases where social capital is bound by an ethnic identity. For a detailed discussion of social capital, see Guarnizo, “One Country in Two,” chap. 9; Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc J. D. Wacquant, An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992); Alejandro Portes and Julia Sensenbrenner, “Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action,” American Journal of Sociology, 98(6):1320-1350 (1993).
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(1992)
An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology
, vol.98
, Issue.6
, pp. 1320-1350
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8
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56749136995
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The participation of a small proportion of Dominican immigrants in drug-related activities in the United States, with the subsequent capital accumulation by some of them, has sparked the stigmatization of the migrant population. The upper classes’ attitude against wealthy migrants is publicly justified by the argument that affluent migrants made their capital in the illicit drug trade. Such justification legitimizes a blatant discrimination against migrants in general, banning them from well-to-do neighborhoods, private schools, social clubs, and even business organizations. See Guarnizo,
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The participation of a small proportion of Dominican immigrants in drug-related activities in the United States, with the subsequent capital accumulation by some of them, has sparked the stigmatization of the migrant population. The upper classes’ attitude against wealthy migrants is publicly justified by the argument that affluent migrants made their capital in the illicit drug trade. Such justification legitimizes a blatant discrimination against migrants in general, banning them from well-to-do neighborhoods, private schools, social clubs, and even business organizations. See Guarnizo, “Going Home.”
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“Going Home.”
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9
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84976972447
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For a discussion of negative social capital, see Portes and Sensenbrenner,
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For a discussion of negative social capital, see Portes and Sensenbrenner, “Embeddedness and Immigration.”
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“Embeddedness and Immigration.”
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10
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0003795692
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White found a similar pattern of affinity and solidarity among Japanese who returned home after working overseas for the Japanese government and private multinational corporations. Merry White, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
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White found a similar pattern of affinity and solidarity among Japanese who returned home after working overseas for the Japanese government and private multinational corporations. Merry White, The Japanese Overseas: Can They Go Home Again? (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).
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(1992)
The Japanese Overseas: Can They Go Home Again?
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11
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56749136995
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Contrary to popular wisdom, it is not common to find intact migrant families settled for good in either country. Family arrangements in which one or both parents live in the United States with none or some of their children, while their other children live on the island, are frequent. Although having more than one household in two different countries might be a source of emotional stress and economic hardship, it also arms family members with special skills to deal with uncertainty and adversity. They become more sophisticated than nonmigrant people in dealing with a rapidly globalizing world. See Guarnizo,
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Contrary to popular wisdom, it is not common to find intact migrant families settled for good in either country. Family arrangements in which one or both parents live in the United States with none or some of their children, while their other children live on the island, are frequent. Although having more than one household in two different countries might be a source of emotional stress and economic hardship, it also arms family members with special skills to deal with uncertainty and adversity. They become more sophisticated than nonmigrant people in dealing with a rapidly globalizing world. See Guarnizo, “Going Home.”
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“Going Home.”
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12
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84916482963
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Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Secretaria de Estado de Turismo
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Dominican Republic, Secretaría de Estado de Turismo, Turismo en Cifras-1985 (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Secretaria de Estado de Turismo, 1986).
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(1986)
Turismo en Cifras-1985
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13
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84977059825
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Between Two Islands
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Grasmuck and Pessar, Guarnizo, Alejandro Portes and Capitalistas del trópico: La inmigración en los Estados Unidos y el desarrollo de la pequeña empresa en la República Dominicana Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: FLASCO Dominicana
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Grasmuck and Pessar, Between Two Islands; Guarnizo, “Going Home”; Alejandro Portes and Luis E. Guarnizo, Capitalistas del trópico: La inmigración en los Estados Unidos y el desarrollo de la pequeña empresa en la República Dominicana (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: FLASCO Dominicana, 1991).
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(1991)
“Going Home”
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Guarnizo, L.E.1
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14
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84977005588
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La literatura dominicana en los Estados Unidos y la periferia del margen
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no. 9, (1991).
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In addition, since the second half of the 1970s, a Dominican migration literature has emerged in New York City. Immigrant writers, especially poets, are struggling to create a literary movement that is becoming “the voice of the community.” Silvio Torres-Saillant, “La literatura dominicana en los Estados Unidos y la periferia del margen,” Brujula/Compass, no. 9, pp. 16-19 (1991).
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Brujula/Compass
, pp. 16-19
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15
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84976963463
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The Struggle for the Bottom Rung: Blacks vs. Browns
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(July 1992), quoted in Jack Miles, Atlantic Monthly (Oct.
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Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture (July 1992), quoted in Jack Miles, “The Struggle for the Bottom Rung: Blacks vs. Browns,” Atlantic Monthly (Oct. 1992).
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(1992)
Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture
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17
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84977042968
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Cámara Dominicana de la Construcción Sept
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Boletín CADOCON (Cámara Dominicana de la Construcción) (Sept. 1986).
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(1986)
Boletín CADOCON
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56749136995
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See Guarnizo,
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See Guarnizo, “Going Home.”
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“Going Home.”
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84977054251
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The U.S. government did not confine its role only to granting visas for political opponents of the regime. The U.S. government also “cooperated, at the [provisional government’s] request, by refusing to permit the deportees to leave the United States.” Martin, Overtaken by Events, p. 347.
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Overtaken by Events
, pp. 347
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