The European Central Bank: Institutional Aspects

International and Comparative Law Quarterly

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 319-342

  Smits, René ^a  

^a DE NEDERLANDSCHE BANK   (Netherlands)

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EID: 84937272595     PISSN: 00205893     EISSN: 14716895     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0020589300059017     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. See for two interesting comments on the Maastricht Treaty and its implications Deirdre Curtin and Herman Meyers, “The Principle of Open Government in Schengen and the European Union; Democratic Retrogression” (1995) 32 C.M.L.Rev. 391–445
2. Jean-Claude Prisi, “After Maastricht, Are the Community Institutions more Efficacious, more Democratic and more Transparent?” (1994) 19 E.L.Rev. 449–485.
3. [Central] Bank Act 1948 (Bankwet).
4. Staatsblad (Official Journal of the Netherlands), No.I 166. most recently amended by Act of 9 Dec. 1993, Staatsblad 676.
5. Act on the Supervision of the Credit System 1992 (Wet toezicht kredietwezen 1992)
6. Staatsblad 1992, No.722, as amended.
7. For an extensive discussion of the Nederlandsche Bank's monetary policy methods in a historical context, see A. H. E. M. Wellink, “Experience Gained with Monetary Policy Instruments in the Netherlands”, in National Experiences and European Perspectives (Bank-historisches Archiv, Zeitschrift zur Bankengeschichte. Vol.27,1994, pp.22–41
8. repr. in De Nederlandsche Bank Reprint Series, No.405).
9. An even more elaborate discussion of the then-current instruments can be found in Emile den Dunnen and Sierd de Wilde Instruments of Money and Foreign Exchange Market Policy in the Netherlands (3rd rev. edn, NIBE, Amsterdam, 1992).
10. Council Directive 89/547/EEC on a solvency ratio for credit institutions of 18 Dec. 1989 (1989) OJ. L386/14
11. as amended: the Solvency Ratio Directive can be found in the Amsterdam Financial Series (Martijn van Empel (Ed.)), Materials & Cases. III. A.12 (Kluwer 1991, loose-leaf).
12. Council Directive 92/30/EEC on the supervision of credit institutions on a consolidated basis of 6 Apr. 1992 (1992) O.J. LI 10/52. as amended
13. the Consolidated Supervision Directive can be found in idem, III.A.l 1.
14. Second Council Directive 89/646/EEC on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the taking-up and pursuit of the business of credit institutions and amending Directive 77/780/EEC. of 15 Dec. 1989 (1989) OJ. L386/1
15. as most recently amended by the Post-BCCI Directive (95/26/EC) (1995) OJ. L168/7
16. the Second Banking Directive can be found in idem, III.A.ll.
17. On the organisation of prudential supervision in a common currency area, see “Banking Supervision in the European Community—Institutional Aspects”, report of a working group of the ECU Institute chaired by Jean-Victor Louis (Editions de l'Université de Brux-elles, 1995).
18. (1993) OJ. L332/14.
19. (1992) OJ. C348/2.
20. On the already intricate make-up of Union decision-making see Deirdre Curtin and Herman Meyers van Ooik, “The Constitutional Structure of the Union: A Europe of Bits and Pieces” (1993) 30 C.M.L.Rev. 17–69.
21. “Schmidhuber fordert Vertragsergänzung”, Handelsblatt, 9 June 1995.