Sweets for the Sweet: Saccharin, Knowledge, and the Contemporary Regulatory Nexus

Journal of Policy History

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 33-47

  Marcus, Alan I ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84937257968     PISSN: 08980306     EISSN: 15284190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0898030600005819     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. For a detailed study of risk-benefit analysis and its relationships to scientists and scientific inquiry in a single instance, see Alan I Marcus, Cancer from Beef: DES, Federal Food Regulation, and Consumer Confidence (Baltimore, 1994).
2. James Harvey Young's Pure Food: Securing the Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906 (Princeton, 1989) is the place to begin.
3. See also Peter Temin, Taking Your Medicine: Drug Regulation in the United States (Cambridge, Mass., 1980), 27–37.
4. For regulation in the 1920s and after, see Charles O. Jackson, Food and Drug Legislation in the New Deal (Princeton, 1970)
5. James Harvey Young, “Food and Drug Enforcers in the 1920s: Restraining and Educating Business,” Business and Economic History, 2d series 21 (1992): 119–128.
6. See, for example, Alan I Marcus, “The Newest Knowledge of Nutrition: Wise Burroughs, DES, and Modern Meat,” Agricultural History 67 (Summer 1993): 66–85
7. “The Wisdom of the Body Politic: The Changing Nature of Publicly Sponsored American Agricultural Research Since the 1830s,” Agricultural History 62 (Spring 1988): especially 21–24
8. Temin, Taking Your Medicine, 58–88.
9. Suzanne R. White, “Chemistry and Controversy: Regulating the Use of Chemicals in Foods, 1883–1959,” Ph.D. diss., Emory University, 1994, 211–236
10. Hugh D. Crone, Chemicals and Society: A Guide to the New Chemical Age (Cambridge, 1986).
11. White, “Chemistry and Controversy,” 254–361
12. Marcus, Cancer from Beef, 17–25.
13. Marcus, Cancer from Beef, 34–44
14. George P. Larrick, “The New Food-Additives Law,” Food Drag Cosmetic Law Journal 13 (1958): 634–648
15. Charles Wesley Dunn, “Fundamental Progress of the Pure-Food Law,” Food Drug Cosmetic Law Journal 13 (1958): 615–633
16. “An Act to Protect the Public Health by Amending the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to Prohibit the Use in Food of Additives Which Have Not Been Adequately Tested to Establish Their Safety” (Public Law 85–929), 71 U.S. Statutes (1958): 1784–1789.
17. White, “Chemistry and Controversy,” 362–399.
18. This volume documents the onset of that sort of thinking. Its essays are a testament to the persuasiveness of that approach. For the 1960s generally, see, for example, William O'Neill, Coming Apart: An Informal History of the 1960s (Chicago, 1971)
19. Morris L. Dickstein, Gates of Eden: American Culture in the 1960s (New York, 1987).
20. Also of use is the provocative Christopher Lasch, The Culture of Narcissism: American life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations (New York, 1978).
21. “Government Officially Announces Cyclamate Sweeteners Will be Taken Off Market Early Next Year,” New York Times, October 19, 1969, 58.
22. 37 Federal Register 2437 (1972)
23. National Academy of Sciences, Safety of Saccharin and Sodium Saccharmin the Human Diet (1974). Several persons have written about the regulation of saccharin before the FDA announced its intention to ban the substance.
24. See James Harvey Young, “Saccharin: A Bitter Regulatory Controversy,” in Frank B. Evans and Harold T. Pinkett, eds., Research in the Administration of Public Policy (Washington, D.C., 1975), 39–49
25. Richard A. Merrill and Michael R. Taylor, “Saccharin: A Case Study of Government Regulation of Environmental Carcinogens,”
26. Elizabeth M. Whelan and William R. Havender, “Saccharin and the Public Interest,”
27. William B. Schultz, “The Bitter Aftertaste of Saccharin,” all in Agriculture and Human Values 3 (Winter-Spring 1986): 33–73, 74–82, and 83–90, respectively.
28. See also Peter Barton Hutt, “Individual Freedom and Government Control of Food Safety: Saccharin and Food Additives,”
29. Sidney M. Wolfe, “The Conflict Between Individual Freedom and Social Control: Saccharin and Food Additives,” both in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 329 (1979): 221–41 and 242–45, respectively.
30. General Accounting Office, “Need to Resolve Safety Questions on Saccharin,” HRD-76–156 (1976)
31. 42 Federal Register 19996, 20000 (1977).
32. See also Frances Cerra, “Questions on Saccharin Are Still Not Resolved,” New York Times, October 20, 1976, 34.
33. Morton Mintz, “U.S. Will Ban Saccharin,” Washington Post, March 10, 1977, A-1 and A-11.
34. For Mintz and the New Journalism generally, see Marcus, Cancer from Beef, 75–76.
35. Office of Technology Assessment, Cancer Testing Technology and Saccharin (October 1977).
36. Jean Carper, “Aspartame: Has Sugar Met Its Match?” Washington Post, July 23, 1981: E-1 and E-19
37. “Aspartame: Sweet and Sour,” Washington Post, July 1,1983: D-5.