Making and using stone tools: Advice for learners and teachers and insights for archaeologists

Lithic Technology

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 231-248

  Shea, John J ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Learning; Stone Tools; Teaching

Indexed keywords

EID: 84937043418     PISSN: 01977261     EISSN: 20516185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/2051618515Y.0000000011     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Binford, L. R. 1979 Organization and Formation Processes: Looking at Curated Technologies. Journal of Anthropological Research 35:255-273.
2. Bordes, F. 1961 Typologie du Paleolithique ancien et moyen. Delmas, Bordeaux.
3. Brandt, S., and K. J. Weedman 1997 The Ethnoarchaeology of Hide Working and Flaked Stone Tool Use in Southern Ethiopia. In Ethiopia in Broader Perspective: Papers of the 12th International Conference on Ethiopian Studies, edited by K. Fukui, E. Kuimoto and M. Shigeta, pp. 351-361. Shokado Book Sellers, Kyoto.
4. Brown, K. S., C. W. Marean, A. I. R. Herries, Z. Jacobs, C. Tribolo, D. Braun, D. L. Roberts, M. C. Meyer, and J. Bernatchez 2009 Fire as an Engineering Tool of Early Modern Humans. Science 325:859-862.
5. Callahan, E. 1996 The Basics of Biface Knapping in the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition: A Manual for Flintknappers and Lithic Analysts. Piltdown Productions, Flint Ridge, TN.
6. Clark, J. E., and W. J. Parry 1990 Craft Specialization and Cultural Complexity. In Research in Economic Anthropology, vol. 12, edited by B. L. Issac, pp. 289-346. Freenwich, Connecticut.
7. Crabtree, D. E., and E. L. Davis 1968 Experimental Manufacture of Wooden Implements with Tools of Flaked Stone. Science 159:426-428.
8. Crabtree, D. R., and R. Butler 1964 Notes on Experiments in Flint Knapping: Heat Treatment of Silica Minerals. Tebiwa 7:1-6.
9. Debenath, A., and H. L. Dibble 1994 Handbook of Paleolithic Typology, Vol. 1: Lowerand Middle Paleolithic ofEurope. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
10. Dibble, H. L. 1995 Middle Paleolithic Scraper Reduction: Background, Clarification, and Review of the Evidence to Date. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2:299-368.
11. Domanski, M., and J. Webb 2007 A Review of Heat Treatment Research. Lithic Technology 32:153-194.
12. Eren, M. I. 2009 Experimental Archaeology as a Pillar of Archaeological Education. Nikolay 107:25-32.
13. Eren, M. I., B. Buchanan, and M. J. O’Brien 2015 Social Learning and Technological Evolution During the Clovis Colonization of the New World. Journal of Human Evolution 80:159-170.
14. Eren, M. I., M. Kollecker, C. Clarkson, and B. Bradley 2010 Dynamic Approaches to Teaching Lithic Technology: Using YouTube in the Classroom. &hmMTchKohg 2:223-234.
15. Flenniken, J. J. 1978 Reevaluation of the Lindenmeier Folsom: A Replication Experiment in Lithic Technology. American Antiquity 43:473-480.
16. Flenniken, J. J. 1984 The Past, Present, and Future of Flintknapping. Annual Review of Anthropology 13:187-203.
17. Frison, G. C. 1978 Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains. Academic Press, New York.
18. Geneste, J.-M. 1988 Systemes d’approvisionnement en matieres premieres au Paleolithique moyen et superieur en Aquitaine. In LHomme de Neandertal: Vol. 8 La Mutation, edited by M. Otte, pp. 61-70. Universite de Liege, Liege.
19. Holdaway, S., and M. Douglas 2012 A Twenty-First Century Archaeology of Stone Artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Mettodand Tkeorx 19:101-131.
20. Isaac, B. 1987 Throwing and Human Evolution. The African Archaeological Review 5:3-17.
21. Johnson, L. L. 1978 A History of Flint-Knapping Experimentation, 1838-1976. Current Anthropology 19:337-372.
22. Jones, P. R. 1980 Experimental Butchery with Modern Stone Tools and its Relevance for Palaeolithic Archaeology. World Archaeolosy I2:I53-165.
23. Jones, P. R. 1981 Experimental Implement Manufacture and Use: A Case Study from Olduvai Gorge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 292:I89-I95.
24. Keeley, L. H. 1982 Hafting and Retooling: Effects on the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 47:798-809.
25. Kuhn, S., and R. G. Elston 2002 Introduction: Thinking Small Globally. In Thinking Small: Global Perspectives on Microlithization, edited by R. G. Elston and S. L. Kuhn, pp. I-8. American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC (Archaeological Paper No. 12).
26. Kuhn, S. L. 1993 Mousterian Technology as Adaptive Response: A Case Study. In Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia, edited by G. L. Peterkin, H. Bricker and P. A. Mellars, pp. 25-48. American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC (Archaeological Paper No. 4).
27. Leakey, L. S. B. 1960 Adam's Ancestors. 4th ed. Harper and Row, New York.
28. Lundin, C. 2003 98.6 Degrees: The Art of Keeping Your Ass Alive. Gibbs Smith, Salt Lake City, UT.
29. McCall, G. 2012 Ethnoarchaeology and the Organization of Lithic Technology. Journal of Archaeological Research 20:157-203.
30. McDougall, I., F. H. Brown, and J. G. Fleagle 2005 Stratigraphic Placement and Age of Modern Humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature 433:733-736.
31. Odell, G. H. 1981 The Morphological Express at Function Junction: Searching for Meaning in Lithic Tool Types. Journal of Anthropological Research 37:319-342.
32. Odell, G. H. 2001 Stone Tool Research at the End of the Millennium: Classification, Function, and Behavior. Journal of Arctmmloekad Research 9:45-1.
33. Odell, G. H., and F. Cowan 1986 Experiments with Spears and Arrows on Animal Targets. Journal of Field. Arckaeology 13:94-212.
34. Parry, W. A., and R. L. Kelly 1987 Expedient Core Technology and Sedentism. In The Organization of Core Technology, edited by J. K. Johnson and C. A. Morrow, pp. 285-304. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
35. Roach, M. 2011 Packing for Mars: The curious Science of Life in the Void. W. W. Norton, New York.
36. Saraydar, S., and I. Shimada 1971 A Quantitative Comparison of Efficiency between a Stone Axe and a Steel Axe. American Antiquity 36:216-217.
37. Schick, K. D., and N. P. Toth 1993 Making Silent Stones Speak: Human Evolution and the Dawn of Technology. Simon and Schuster, New York.
38. Shea, J. J. 2006a Child's Play: Reflections on the Invisibility of Children in the Paleolithic Record. Evolutionary Anthropology i5:212-216.
39. Shea, J. J. 2006b The Origins of Lithic Projectile Point Technology: Evidence from Africa, the Levant, and Europe. Journal of Archaelogical Science 33:823-846.
40. Shea, J. J. 2010 Stone Age Visiting Cards Revisited: A Strategic Perspective on the Lithic Technology of Early Hominin Dispersal. In Out of Africa I: The First Hominin Colonization of Eurasia, edited by J. G. Fleagle, J. J. Shea, F. E. Grine, A. L. Baden and R. Leakey, pp. 47-64. Springer, New York.
41. Shea, J. J. 2011 Homo sapiens is as Homo sapiens was: Behavioral Variability vs. “Behavioral Modernity” in Paleolithic Archaeology. Current Anthropology 52: 1-35.
42. Shea, J. J. 2013 Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic of the Near East: A Guide. Cambridge University Press, New York.
43. Shea, J. J. n.d. Stone Tools in Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press, New York.
44. Shreeve, J. 1995 The Neanderthal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origins. William Morrow and Company, Inc., New York.
45. Tomasello, M. 1999 The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
46. Tostevin, G. B. 2012 Seeing Lithics: A Middle-Range Theory for Testing for cultural Transmission in the Pleistocene. American School of Prehistoric Research Publications (Peabody Museum, Harvard University). Oxbow, Oakville, CT.
47. Whittaker, J. C. 2004 American Flintknappers: Stone Age Art in the Age of Computers. University of Texas Press, Austin.
48. Whittaker, J. C., and M. Stafford 1999 Replicas, Fakes and Art: The Twentieth-Century Stone Age and its Effects on Archaeology. American Antiauitv 64:203-214.
49. Wynn, T. 1995 Handaxe enigmas. World Archaeology 27:10-24.
50. Cotterell, B., and J. Kamminga i987 The Formation of Flakes. American Antiauitv 52:675-708.
51. Cotterell, B., and J. Kamminga 1990 Mechanics of Pre-Industrial Technology. Cambridge University Press, New York.
52. Callahan, E. 1979 The Basics of Biface Knapping in the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition. Archaeology of Eastern North America 7:1-180.
53. Crabtree, D. 1972 An Introduction to Flintworking. Idaho State Museum, Pocatello, Idaho (Occasional Paper No. 28).
54. Patten, B. 2009 Old Tools-New Eyes: A Primal Primer of Flintknapping. 2nd ed. Stone Dagger Publications, Denver, CO.
55. Waldorf, D. C., and V. Waldorf 2006 The Art of Flint Knapping. 5th ed. Mound Builder Books, Branson, MO.
56. Whittaker, J. C. 1994 Flintknapping: Making and Understanding Stone Tools. University of Texas Press, Austin.
57. Bradley, B. 1989 Flintknapping with Bruce Bradley, Ph.D. INTERpark, Cortez, CO.
58. Madsen, B. 2003. The Cutting Edge: A Million Years ofStone Technology. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
59. Metin Eren's Youtube.com channel (www.youtube.com/user/MetinIEren)
60. Neo-Lithics (www.neo-lithics.com). Also a reliable source of knapping supplies, books, videos.
61. Brandt, S., and K. J. Weedman 1997 The Ethnoarchaeology of Hide Working and Flaked Stone Tool Use in Southern Ethiopia. In Ethiopia in Broader Perspective: Papers of the 12th International conference on Ethiopian Studies, edited by K. Fukui, E. Kuimoto, and M. Shigeta, pp. 351-361. Shokado Book Sellers, Kyoto.
62. Gould, R. A. 1980 Living Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
63. Hayden, B. 1979 Palaeolithic Reflections: Lithic Technology and Ethnographic Excavations Among Australian Aborigines. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
64. Hayden, B., and M. W. Nelson 1981 The Use of Chipped Lithic Material in the Contemporary Maya Highlands. American Antiquity 46:885-898.
65. Holdaway, S., and M. Douglas 2012 A Twenty-First Century Archaeology of Stone Artifacts. Journal ofArchaeological Method and Theory 19:101-131.
66. Weedman, K. 2006 An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Hafting and Stone Tool Diversity Among the Gamo of Ethiopia. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 13:188-237.
67. Whittaker, J. C. 2004 American Flintknappers: Stone Age Art in the Age ofComputers. University of Texas Press, Austin.
68. Brandt, S., K. Weedman, T. Belkin, and J. Shipley 2006 Woman the Toolmaker: Hideworking and Stone Tool Use in Konso, Ethiopia. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA.
69. Callahan, E. 1987 Primitive Technology: Practical Guidelines for Making Stone Tools, Pottery, Basketry, etc. The Aboriginal Way. Piltdown Productions, Lynchburg, VA.
70. Watts, S. N. 2004 Practicing Primitive: A Handbook of Aboriginal Skills. Gibbs-Smith, Salt Lake City, UT.
71. Westcott, D. (editor) 1999 Primitive Technology: A Book of Earth Skills. Gibbs-Smith, Salt Lake City, UT.
72. Westcott, D. (editor) 2001 Primitive Technology II: Ancestral Skills. Gibbs-Smith, Salt Lake City, UT.
73. Bulletin of Primitive Technology. Backtracks, LLC Primitive Skills, Rexburg, ID. (www.backtracks.com).
74. Aboriginal Living Skills School (www.codylundin.com).
75. Boulder Outdoor Survival School (www.boss-inc.com).
76. Jack Cresson's Primitive Industries (www.freewebs.com/archaeomanswife/).
77. John Lord's Flintknapping.co.uk (www.flintknapping.co.uk).
78. Tomas J. Epel's World Wide Web Portal (www.hollowtop.com)