Small brain lesions and incident stroke and mortality: A cohort study

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 163, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 22-31

  Windham, B Gwen ^a   Deere, Bradley ^a   Griswold, Michael E ^a   Wang, Wanmei ^a   Bezerra, Daniel C ^b   Shibata, Dean ^c   Butler, Kenneth ^a   Knopman, David ^d   Gottesman, Rebecca F ^e   Heiss, Gerardo ^f   Mosley, Thomas H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b University of Washington ^*  (Brazil)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^d MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CAPSULA INTERNA; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HEART DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; WHITE MATTER; BRAIN; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMPLICATION; INCIDENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; STROKE;

AGED; BRAIN; BRAIN INFARCTION; CAUSE OF DEATH; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 84937036019     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: 15393704     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/M14-2057     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Fisher CM. Lacunar strokes and infarcts: a review. Neurology. 1982;32:871-6. [PMID: 7048128]
2. Longstreth WT Jr, Bernick C, Manolio TA, Bryan N, Jungreis CA, Price TR. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:1217-25. [PMID: 9740116]
3. Bernick C, Kuller L, Dulberg C, Longstreth WT Jr, Manolio T, Beauchamp N, et al; Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Silent MRI infarcts and the risk of future stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology. 2001;57:1222-9. [PMID: 11591840]
4. Bokura H, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S, Iijima K, Nagai A, Toyoda G, et al. Silent brain infarction and subcortical white matter lesions increase the risk of stroke and mortality: a prospective cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;15:57-63. [PMID: 17904049]
5. Buyck JF, Dufouil C, Mazoyer B, Maillard P, Ducimetière P, Alpérovitch A, et al. Cerebral white matter lesions are associated with the risk of stroke but not with other vascular events: the 3-City Dijon Study. Stroke. 2009;40:2327-31. [PMID: 19443799] doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.548222
6. Debette S, Beiser A, DeCarli C, Au R, Himali JJ, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Association of MRI markers of vascular brain injury with incident stroke, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality: the Fra-mingham Offspring Study. Stroke. 2010;41:600-6. [PMID: 20167919] doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.570044
7. Folsom AR, Yatsuya H, Mosley TH Jr, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT Jr. Risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage with magnetic resonance imaging-defined leukoaraiosis and brain infarcts. Ann Neurol. 2012; 71:552-9. [PMID: 22522444] doi:10.1002/ana.22690
8. Gerdes VE, Kwa VI, ten Cate H, Brandjes DP, Büller HR, Stam J; Amsterdam Vascular Medicine Group. Cerebral white matter lesions predict both ischemic strokes and myocardial infarctions in patients with established atherosclerotic disease. Atherosclerosis. 2006;186: 166-72. [PMID: 16098981]
9. Kobayashi S, Okada K, Koide H, Bokura H, Yamaguchi S. Subcortical silent brain infarction as a risk factor for clinical stroke. Stroke. 1997;28:1932-9. [PMID: 9341698]
10. Kuller LH, Longstreth WT Jr, Arnold AM, Bernick C, Bryan RN, Beauchamp NJ Jr; Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. White matter hyperintensity on cranial magnetic resonance imaging: a predictor of stroke. Stroke. 2004;35:1821-5. [PMID: 15178824]
11. Longstreth WT Jr, Diehr P, Beauchamp NJ, Manolio TA. Patterns on cranial magnetic resonance imaging in elderly people and vascular disease outcomes [Letter]. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:2074. [PMID: 11735783]
12. Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, Poirier V, O'Leary DH, Gardin JM, et al. Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1994;25:318-27. [PMID: 8303738]
13. Vermeer SE, Hollander M, van Dijk EJ, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM; Rotterdam Scan Study. Silent brain infarcts and white matter lesions increase stroke risk in the general population: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Stroke. 2003;34:1126-9. [PMID: 12690219]
14. Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Couper DJ, Klein BE, Liao DP, et al; ARIC Investigators. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Cerebral white matter lesions, retinopathy, and incident clinical stroke. JAMA. 2002;288:67-74. [PMID: 12090864]
15. Pantoni L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 2010; 9:689-701. [PMID: 20610345] doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70104-6
16. Potter GM, Doubal FN, Jackson CA, Chappell FM, Sudlow CL, Dennis MS, et al. Enlarged perivascular spaces and cerebral small vessel disease. Int J Stroke. 2015;10:376-81. [PMID: 23692610] doi: 10.1111/ijs.12054
17. Rouhl RP, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Knottnerus IL, Staals JE, Lodder J. Virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vessel disease severity. J Neurol. 2008;255:692-6. [PMID: 18286319] doi:10.1007/s00415-008-0777-y
18. Wardlaw JM, Smith C, Dichgans M. Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:483-97. [PMID: 23602162] doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70060-7
19. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:e2-e220. [PMID: 22179539] doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823ac046
20. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, et al; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129:e28-e292. [PMID: 24352519] doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80
21. Ohira T, Shahar E, Chambless LE, Rosamond WD, Mosley TH Jr, Folsom AR. Risk factors for ischemic stroke subtypes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Stroke. 2006;37:2493-8. [PMID: 16931783]
22. Price TR, Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Kittner SJ, Yue NC, Robbins J, et al. Silent brain infarction on magnetic resonance imaging and neurological abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke. 1997;28:1158-64. [PMID: 9183343]
23. van der Flier WM, van Straaten EC, Barkhof F, Verdelho A, Madureira S, Pantoni L, et al. Small vessel disease and general cognitive function in nondisabled elderly: the LADIS study. Stroke. 2005;36: 2116-20. [PMID: 16141425]
24. de Laat KF, Tuladhar AM, van Norden AG, Norris DG, Zwiers MP, de Leeuw FE. Loss of white matter integrity is associated with gait disorders in cerebral small vessel disease. Brain. 2011;134:73-83. [PMID: 21156660] doi:10.1093/brain/awq343
25. Debette S, Markus HS. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c3666. [PMID: 20660506] doi:10.1136/bmj.c3666
26. Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011;42:2672-713. [PMID: 21778438] doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e3182299496
27. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. The ARIC investigators. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129: 687-702. [PMID: 2646917]
28. Bryan RN, Cai J, Burke G, Hutchinson RG, Liao D, Toole JF, et al. Prevalence and anatomic characteristics of infarct-like lesions on MR images of middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20:1273-80. [PMID: 10472985]
29. Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole J, Bryan N, Burke G, et al. The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the ARIC Study. Neuroepidemiology. 1997;16:149-62. [PMID: 9159770]
30. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, et al; STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE v1). Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:822-38. [PMID: 23867200] doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70124-8
31. Bezerra DC, Sharrett AR, Matsushita K, Gottesman RF, Shibata D, Mosley TH Jr, et al. Risk factors for lacune subtypes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Neurology. 2012;78: 102-8. [PMID: 22170882] doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823efc42
32. Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole JF, Bryan NR, Hutchinson RG, et al. Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control. The ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 1996;27:2262-70. [PMID: 8969791]
33. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Wang CH, McGovern PG, Howard G, et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1999;30:736-43. [PMID: 10187871]
34. Robins M, Baum HM. The National Survey of Stroke. Incidence. Stroke. 1981;12:I45-57. [PMID: 7222166]
35. Deramecourt V, Slade JY, Oakley AE, Perry RH, Ince PG, Maurage CA, et al. Staging and natural history of cerebrovascular pathology in dementia. Neurology. 2012;78:1043-50. [PMID: 22377814] doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31824e8e7f
36. Doubal FN, MacLullich AM, Ferguson KJ, Dennis MS, Wardlaw JM. Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease. Stroke. 2010;41:450-4. [PMID: 20056930] doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.564914
37. Zhu YC, Tzourio C, SoumaréA, Mazoyer B, Dufouil C, Chabriat H. Severity of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces is associated with age, blood pressure, and MRI markers of small vessel disease: a population-based study. Stroke. 2010;41:2483-90. [PMID: 20864661] doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.591586
38. Kalantarian S, Ay H, Gollub RL, Lee H, Retzepi K, Mansour M, et al. Association between atrial fibrillation and silent cerebral infarctions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 161:650-8. [PMID: 25364886] doi:10.7326/M14-0538
39. Vermeer SE, Longstreth WT Jr, Koudstaal PJ. Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:611-9. [PMID: 17582361]
40. Fu JH, Mok V, Lam W, Wong A, Chu W, Xiong Y, et al. Effects of statins on progression of subclinical brain infarct. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30:51-6. [PMID: 20431290] doi:10.1159/000313614
41. Knopman DS, Penman AD, Catellier DJ, Coker LH, Shibata DK, Sharrett AR, et al. Vascular risk factors and longitudinal changes on brain MRI: the ARIC Study. Neurology. 2011;76:1879-85. [PMID: 21543737] doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821d753f