Cost-effectiveness analysis of adding pharmacists to primary care teams to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes: Results from a randomized controlled trial

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 32, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 899-906

  Simpson, Scot H ^a   Lier, D A ^b   Majumdar, S R ^a,b   Tsuyuki, R T ^a   Lewanczuk, R Z ^a   Spooner, R ^a   Johnson, J A ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b INSTITUTE OF HEALTH ECONOMICS   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; INSULIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BOOTSTRAPPING; CANADA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIABETIC PATIENT; DISEASE DURATION; DRUG COST; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN TREATMENT; INTERVENTION STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PHARMACIST; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PROBABILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK REDUCTION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SOCIETY; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES; DRUG MONITORING; ECONOMICS; FOLLOW UP; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; CANADA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES; DRUG MONITORING; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; PATIENT CARE TEAM; PHARMACISTS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84936951013     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: 14645491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/dme.12692     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 829-841.
2. Nathan DM, Meigs J, Singer DE. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: how sweet it is . or is it? Lancet 1997; 350(Suppl 1): SI4-SI9.
3. Tan MH, MacLean DR. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Canada. Clin Invest Med 1995; 18: 240-246.
4. Harris SB, Ekoe JM, Zdanowicz Y, Webster-Boagert S. Glycemic control and morbidity in the Canadian primary care setting (results of the diabetes in Canada evaluation study). Diabet Res Clin Pract 2005; 70: 90-97.
5. Leiter LA, Berard L, Bowering CK, Cheng AY, Dawson KG, Ekoe JM et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Canada: is it improving? Can J Diabetes 2013; 37: 82-89.
6. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 383-393.
7. Rothman RL, Malone R, Bryant B, Shintani AK, Crigler B, Dewalt DA et al. A randomized trial of a primary care-based disease management program to improve cardiovascular risk factors and glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with diabetes. Am J Med 2005; 118: 276-284.
8. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. New Engl J Med 2008; 358: 580-591.
9. Simpson SH, Majumdar SR, Tsuyuki RT, Lewanczuk RZ, Spooner R, Johnson JA. Effect of adding pharmacists to primary care teams on blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 20-26.
10. Ladhani NN, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Tsuyuki RT, Lewanczuk RZ, Spooner R et al. Adding pharmacists to primary care teams reduces predicted long-term risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients without established cardiovascular disease: results from a randomized trial. Diabet Med 2012; 29: 1433-1439.
11. Gilani F, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Tsuyuki RT, Lewanczuk RZ, Spooner R et al. Adding pharmacists to primary care teams increases guideline-concordant antiplatelet use in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized trial. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47: 43-48.
12. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2008; 32(Suppl 1): S53-S61.
13. Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Vascular protection in people with diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2008; 32(Suppl 1): S102-S106.
14. Culleton B, Drouin D, Larochelle P, Leiter LA, McFarlane P, Tobe S. Treatment of hypertension. Can J Diabetes 2008; 32(Suppl 1): S115-S118.
15. Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Bowker SL, Booth GL, Dolovich L, Ghali W et al. A Canadian consensus for the standardized evaluation of quality improvement interventions in type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2005; 29: 220-229.
16. Stevens RJ, Kothari V, Adler AI, Stratton IM. The UKPDS risk engine: a model for the risk of coronary heart disease in Type II diabetes (UKPDS 56). Clin Sci 2001; 101: 671-679.
17. Briggs A, Sculpher M. An introduction to Markov modelling for economic evaluation. Pharmacoeconomics 1998; 13: 397-409.
18. Alberta Health. Drug Benefits List 2010. Available from: http://www.health.alberta.ca/AHCIP/drug-benefit-list.html. Last accessed 11 March 2011.
19. Alberta Health. Care Insurance Plan Statistical Supplement: 2010-2011. Available from: http://www.health.alberta.ca/newsroom/publications.html. Last accessed 25 January 2013.
20. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Comprehensive Ambulatory Care Client Tables 2011. Available from: http://www.cihi.ca. Last accessed 11 March 2012.
21. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Hospital Financial Performance (HFP) Indicators. Available from: http://www.cihi.ca. Last accessed 12 December 2012.
22. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Patient Cost Esimator: estimated average costs by CMG and age group, Alberta, 2008-09. Available from: http://apps.cihi.ca/MicroStrategy/asp/Main.aspx. Last accessed 15 March 2013.
23. Rubin DB Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley Classics Library. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2004.
24. Vickers AJ, Altman DG. Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. British Medical Journal 2001; 323: 1123-1124.
25. Drummond MF, Sculper MJ, Torrance GW, O'Brien BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
26. Claxton KP, Martin SO, Soares M, Rice N, Spackman E, Hine S et al. Methods for the Estimation of the NICE Cost Effectiveness Threshold. York: Centre for Health Economics, University of York, 2013.
27. Hyewon HL, Levine M. Determing the threshold of acceptability of an ICER when natural health units are used. J Popul Ther Pharmacol 2012; 19: e234-238.
28. Lowey A, Moore S, Norris C, Wright D, Silcock J, Hammond P. The cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-led treatment of cardiac risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharm World Sci 2007; 29: 541-545.
29. Yu J, Shah BM, Ip EJ, Chan J. A Markov model of the costeffectiveness of pharmacist care for diabetes in prevention of cardiovascular diseases: evidence from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. J Manag Care Pharm 2013; 19: 102-114.
30. Johnson JA, Eurich DT, Toth EL, Lewanczuk RZ, Lee TK, Majumdar SR. Generalizability and persistence of a multifaceted intervention for improving quality of care for rural patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 783-788.