Virtual experiments in megastudies: A case study of language and emotion

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 68, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 1693-1710

  Kuperman, Victor ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bootstrapping; Emotion; Megastudies; Statistical power; Word recognition

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; COMPUTER INTERFACE; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; LANGUAGE; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MOTIVATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME;

ATTENTION; DATASETS AS TOPIC; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MALE; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLINGUISTICS; REACTION TIME; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE; VOCABULARY;

EID: 84936847224     PISSN: 17470218     EISSN: 17470226     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.989865     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. R.H.Baayen, (2004). Psycholinguistics: A critique of some current gold standards. In: G.Libben,, K.Nault, (Eds.), Mental lexicon working papers (pp. 1–45). Edmonton, CA: Mental Lexicon Research Project.
2. R.H.Baayen, (2010). A real experiment is a factorial experiment? The Mental Lexicon, 5(1), 149–157. doi: 10.1075/ml.5.1.06baa
3. D.Balota,, M.Yap,, M.Cortese,, K.A.Hutchison,, B.Kessler,, B.Loftis,, J.Neely,, D.Nelson,, G.Simpson,, & R.Treiman, (2007). The English Lexicon Project. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 445–459. doi: 10.3758/BF03193014
4. D.A.Balota,, M.J.Cortese,, S.D.Sergent-Marshall,, D.H.Spieler,, & M.J.Yap, (2004). Visual word recognition of single-syllable words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133(2), 283–316. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.283
5. D.A.Balota,, M.J.Yap,, K.A.Hutchison,, & M.J.Cortese, (2013). Megastudies: What do millions (or so) of trials tell us about lexical processing? In J.S.Adelman (Ed.), Visual word recognition volume 1: Models and methods, orthography and phonology (pp. 90–115). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
6. M.Brysbaert,, & B.New, (2009). Moving beyond Kuˇcera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 977–990. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.977
7. M.Brysbaert,, A.B.Warriner,, & V.Kuperman, (2014). Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 46, 904–911. doi: 10.3758/s13428-013-0403-5
8. J.Cohen, (1983). The cost of dichotomization. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7(3), 249–253. doi: 10.1177/014662168300700301
9. J.Cohen, (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. J.Cohen, (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
11. J.Cohen,, P.Cohen,, S.G.West,, & L.S.Aiken, (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Oxford: Routledge.
12. A.Cutler, (1981). Making up materials is a confounded nuisance, or: Will we be able to run any psycholinguistic experiments at all in 1990? Cognition, 10, 65–70. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(81)90026-3
13. K.Diependaele,, M.Brysbaert,, & P.Neri, (2012). How noisy is lexical decision? Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 348.
14. M.H.Erdelyi, (1974). A new look at the new look: Perceptual defense and vigilance. Psychological Review, 81(1), 1–25. doi: 10.1037/h0035852
15. Z.Estes,, & J.Adelman, (2008). Automatic vigilance for negative words is categorical and general. Emotion, 8(4), 453–457. doi: 10.1037/a0012887
16. K.I.Forster, (2000). The potential for experimenter bias effects in word recognition experiments. Memory & Cognition, 28(7), 1109–1115. doi: 10.3758/BF03211812
17. E.Fox,, R.Russo,, R.Bowles,, & K.Dutton, (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130(4), 681–700. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681
18. C.O.Fritz,, P.E.Morris,, & J.J.Richler, (2012). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141, 2–18. doi: 10.1037/a0024338
19. B.Kessler,, R.Treiman,, & J.Mullennix, (2002). Phonetic biases in voice key response time measurements. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 145–171. doi: 10.1006/jmla.2001.2835
20. E.Keuleers,, K.Diependaele,, & M.Brysbaert, (2010). Practice effects in large-scale visual word recognition studies: A lexical decision study on 14,000 Dutch mono-and disyllabic words and nonwords. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 1–174. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00174
21. E.Keuleers,, P.Lacey,, K.Rastle,, & M.Brysbaert, (2012). The British lexicon project: Lexical decision data for 28,730 monosyllabic and disyllabic English words. Behavior Research Methods, 44(1), 287–304. doi: 10.3758/s13428-011-0118-4
22. S.Kousta,, D.Vinson,, & G.Vigliocco, (2009). Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words. Cognition, 112(3), 473–481. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.007
23. V.Kuperman,, Z.Estes,, M.Brysbaert,, & A.B.Warriner, (2014). Emotion and language: Valence and arousal affect word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 1065–1081. doi: 10.1037/a0035669
24. V.Kuperman,, H.Stadthagen-Gonzalez,, & M.Brysbaert, (2012). Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 English words. Behavior Research Methods, 44(4), 978–990. doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0210-4
25. P.J.Lang,, M.M.Bradley,, & B.N.Cuthbert, (1990). Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex. Psychological Review, 97(3), 377–395. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.3.377
26. P.J.Lang,, M.M.Bradley,, & B.N.Cuthbert, (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P.J.Lang, R.Simons, & M.T.Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97–135). Hillsdale, NJ.
27. R.Larsen,, K.Mercer,, D.Balota,, & M.Strube, (2008). Not all negative words slow down lexical decision and naming speed: Importance of word arousal. Emotion, 8(4), 445–452. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.8.4.445
28. R.J.Larsen,, K.A.Mercer,, & D.A.Balota, (2006). Lexical characteristics of words used in emotional Stroop experiments. Emotion, 6(1), 62–72. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.62
29. R.C.MacCallum,, S.Zhang,, K.J.Preacher,, & D.D.Rucker, (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19–40. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19
30. A.Öhman,, & S.Mineka, (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108(3), 483–522. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.108.3.483
31. F.Pratto,, & O.John, (1991). Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(3), 380–391. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.380
32. R Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
33. G.G.Scott,, P.J.O'Donnell,, & S.C.Sereno, (2012). Emotion words affect eye fixations during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(3), 783–792.
34. M.Seidenberg,, & G.Waters, (1989). Reading words aloud-a mega study. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27(6), 489–489.
35. N.A.Sheikh,, & D.A.Titone, (2013). Sensorimotor and linguistic information attenuate emotional word processing benefits: An eye-movement study. Emotion, 13(6), 1107–1121. doi: 10.1037/a0032417
36. D.E.Sibley,, C.T.Kello,, and M.S.Seidenberg, (2009). Error, error everywhere: A look at megastudies of word reading. Proceedings of the 31st annual conference of the cognitive science society, pages 1036–1041.
37. W.J.van Heuven,, P.Mandera,, E.Keuleers,, and M.Brysbaert, (2014). Subtlex-UK: A new and improved word frequency database for British English. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(6), 1176–1190. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2013.850521
38. G.Vigliocco,, R.Clarke,, M.Ponari,, D.Vinson,, and E.Fucci, (2013). Feeling visible and invisible words: Emotional processing is modulated by awareness in first and second language. Presented at the 54th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Toronto, Canada.
39. D.Vinson,, M.Ponari,, & G.Vigliocco, (2014). How does emotional content affect lexical processing? Cognition & Emotion, 28(4), 737–746. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.851068
40. A.B.Warriner,, V.Kuperman,, & M.Brysbaert, (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1191–1207. doi: 10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
41. M.J.Yap,, & C.S.Seow, (2014). The influence of emotion on lexical processing: Insights from RT distributional analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21(2), 526–533. doi: 10.3758/s13423-013-0525-x