Prevalence, risk factors and disability associated with fall-related injury in older adults in low- and middle-incomecountries: Results from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

BMC Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Stewart Williams, Jennifer ^a,b   Kowal, Paul ^a,c   Hestekin, Heather ^d   O'Driscoll, Tristan ^e   Peltzer, Karl ^f,g,h   Yawson, Alfred ⁱ   Biritwum, Richard ⁱ   Maximova, Tamara ^j   Salinas Rodríguez, Aarón ^k   Manrique Espinoza, Betty ^k   Wu, Fan ^l   Arokiasamy, Perianayagam ^m   Chatterji, Somnath ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f HUMAN SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^g UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO   (South Africa)

^h MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^j N A SEMASHKO NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Russian Federation)

^k INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA   (Mexico)

^l SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (China)

^m INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION SCIENCES   (India)

more..

Author keywords

Ageing; Chronic conditions; Developing countries; Disabilities; Falls; Injuries

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENTAL INJURY; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CHINA; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FALL RISK ASSESSMENT; FEMALE; GHANA; HUMAN; INCOME; INDIA; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEXICO; MIDDLE AGED; MIDDLE INCOME; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; PREVALENCE; RURAL AREA; RUSSIAN FEDERATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SLEEP DISORDER; SOUTH AFRICA; VERY ELDERLY; WHO DISABILITY ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE VERSION 2.0; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DISABILITY; FALLING; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; AGED; CHINA; CHRONIC DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DISABILITY EVALUATION; FEMALE; GHANA; HUMANS; INDIA; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MEXICO; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; RUSSIA; SOUTH AFRICA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84936129245     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0390-8     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2198-227.
2. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation: GBD Compare. http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/gbd Accessed 25 May 2015.
3. Masud T, Morris RO. Epidemiology of falls. Age Ageing. 2001;30-S4:3-7.
4. Rubenstein LZ. Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing. 2006;35-S2:ii37-41.
5. Karlsson MK, Magnusson H, von Schewelov T, Rosengren BE. Prevention of falls in the elderly-a review. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24:747-62.
6. Tinetti ME, Baker DI, King M, Gottschalk M, Murphy TE, Acampora D, et al. Effect of dissemination of evidence in reducing evidence of falls. New England J Med. 2008;359:252-61.
7. Kannus P, Sievanen H, Palvanen M, Jarvinen T, Parkkari J. Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in elderly people. Lancet. 2005;366:1885-93.
8. Kannus P, Palvanen M, Niemi S, Parkkari J. Alarming rise in the number and incidence of fall-induced cervical spine injuries among older adults. J Gerontol. 2007;62A:180-3.
9. World Health Organization. WHO global report on falls prevention in older age. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
10. Fang X, Shi J, Song X, Mitnitski A, Tang Z, Wang C, et al. Frailty in relation to the risk of falls, fractures, and mortality in older Chinese adults: results from the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:903-7.
11. Beard JR, Biggs S, Bloom DE, Fried LP, Hogan P, Kalache A, et al. Global population ageing: peril or promise? Geneva: World Economic Forum; 2012. p. 148.
12. Kwan MM, Close JC, Wong AK, Lord SR. Falls incidence, risk factors, and consequences in Chinese older people: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:536-43.
13. Chu LW, Chi I, Chiu AY. Incidence and predictors of falls in the Chinese elderly. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2005;34:60-72.
14. Hsu CL, Nagamatsu LS, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T. Examining the relationship between specific cognitive processes and falls risk in older adults: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23:2409-24.
15. Muir SW, Gopaul K, Montero Odasso MM. The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2012;41:299-308.
16. Castell N-V, Sánchez M, Julián R, Queipo R, Martín S, Otero A. Frailty prevalence and slow walking speed in persons age 65 and older: implications for primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:86.
17. Jagnoor J, Keay L, Jaswal N, Kaur M, Ivers R. A qualitative study on the perceptions of preventing falls as a health priority among older people in Northern India. Inj Prev. 2014;20:29-34.
18. Halil M, Ulger Z, Cankurtaran M, Shorbagi A, Yavuz BB, Dede D, et al. Falls and the elderly: is there any difference in the developing world? A cross-sectional study from Turkey. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006;43:351-9.
19. Kvelde T, McVeigh C, Toson B, Greenaway M, Lord SR, Delbaere K, et al. Depressive symptomatology as a risk factor for falls in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61:694-706.
20. World Health Organization. What are the main risk factors for falls amongst older people and what are the most effective interventions to prevent these falls? In: Health Evidence Network. Copenhagen: WHO; 2004. p. 28.
21. Reyes-Ortiz CA, Al Snih S, Loera J, Ray LA, Markides K. Risk factors for falling in older Mexican Americans. Ethn Dis. 2004;14:417-22.
22. Krishnaswamy B, Gnanasambandam U. Falls in older people: national/regional review of India. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India: WHO background paper to the global report on falls among older persons; 2007.
23. Yu PL, Qin ZH, Shi J, Zhang J, Xin MZ, Wu ZL, et al. Prevalence and related factors of falls among the elderly in an urban community of Beijing. Biomed Environ Sci. 2009;22:179-87.
24. Brassington GS, King AC, Bliwise DL. Sleep problems as a risk factor for falls in a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 64-99 years. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:1234-40.
25. Boutin T, Kergoat MJ, Latour J, Massoud F, Kergoat H. Vision in the global evaluation of older individuals hospitalized following a fall. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13:187 e115-189.
26. Li YH, Song GX, Yu Y, de Zhou D, Zhang HW. Study on age and education level and their relationship with fall-related injuries in Shanghai, China. Biomed Environ Sci. 2013;26:79-86.
27. De Ramirez SS, Hyder AA, Herbert HK, Stevens K. Unintentional injuries: magnitude, prevention, and control. Ann Rev Public Health. 2012;33:175-91.
28. Kalula SZ, Scott V, Dowd A, Brodrick K. Falls and fall prevention programmes in developing countries: environmental scan for the adaptation of the Canadian falls prevention curriculum for developing countries. J Safety Res. 2011;42:461-72.
29. Chandran A, Hyder AA, Peek-Asa C. The global burden of unintentional injuries and an agenda for progress. Epidemiol Rev. 2010;32:110-20.
30. Norton R, Kobusingye O. Injuries. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1723-30.
31. Kowal P, Chatterji S, Naidoo N, Biritwum R, Wu F, Lopez Ridaura R, et al. Data resource profile: the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:1639-49.
32. O'Donnell O, van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelow M. Analyzing health equity using household survey data. A guide to techniques and their implementations. In: World Bank Learning Institute Learning Resources Series. Washington DC: The World Bank; 2007. p. 220.
33. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. In: GPE Discussion Paper Series: No 31. Geneva: WHO; 2001. p. 14.
34. United Nations Statistics Division. Accessed 25 May 2015 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm .
35. Naidoo N. Working Paper Number 5. WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Waves 0 and 1 sampling information for China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Geneva: WHO; 2012. p. 9.
36. World Health Organization. Guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries and violence. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
37. Ustun TB, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, Rehm J. Measuring health and disability: manual for WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
38. World Health Organization. Towards a common language for functioning, disability and health: ICF. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva: WHO; 2002.
39. Sousa RM, Dewey ME, Acosta D, Jotheeswaran AT, Castro-Costa E, Ferri CP, et al. Measuring disability across cultures-the psychometric properties of the WHODAS II in older people from seven low and middle income countries. The 10/66 Dementia Research Group population based survey. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19:1-17.
40. Reyes-Ortiz CA, Al Snih S, Markides KS. Falls among elderly persons in Latin America and the Caribbean and among elderly Mexican-Americans. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005;17:362-9.
41. World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva; 2002: 149.
42. He W, Muenchrath M, Kowal P. Shades of Gray: A cross-country study of health and well-being of the older populations in SAGE countries, 2007-2010. Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau; 2012. p. 76.
43. Gu D, Sautter J, Pipkin R, Zeng Y. Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep quality and duration among very old Chinese. Sleep. 2010;33:601-10.
44. Peltzer K. Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep problems and duration in older adults in South Africa. S Afr J Psych. 2012;18:150-6.
45. Himes CL, Reynolds SL. Effect of obesity on falls, injury, and disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:124-9.
46. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: WHO Consultation on Obesity. WHO Technical Report series 894. Geneva: WHO; 2000.
47. World Health Organization. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157-63.
48. Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet. 2007;370:851-8.
49. Ferguson B, Murray CL, Tandon A, Gakidou E. Estimating permanent income using asset and indicator variables. In: Murray CL, Evans DB, editors. Health systems performance assessment debates, methods and empiricism. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
50. Howe LD, Galobardes B, Matijasevich A, Gordon D, Johnston D, Onwujekwe O, et al. Measuring socio-economic position for epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income countries: a methods of measurement in epidemiology paper. Int J Epidemiol. 2012. doi: 10.1093/ije/dys037:16 .
51. World Health Organization. SAGE Working Paper Number 3. In: Measuring cognitive status in older age in lower income countries: results from a pilot of the Study on global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE). Geneva: WHO; 2012. p. 22.
52. United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization. International Standard Classification of Education. Geneva: UNESCO; 1997. p. 49.
53. Schiller JS, Kramarow EA, Dey AN. Fall injury episodes among noninstitutionalized older adults: United States, 2001-2003. Adv Data. 2007;21:1-16.
54. Cardona M, Joshi R, Ivers RQ, Iyengar S, Chow CK, Colman S, et al. The burden of fatal and non-fatal injury in rural India. Inj Prev. 2008;14:232-7.
55. Jha RM, Ambrish Mithal A, Malhotra N, Brown EM. Pilot case control investigation of risk factors for hip fractures in the urban Indian population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:11.
56. Launay C, De Decker L, Annweiler C, Kabeshova A, Fantino B, Beauchet O. Association of depressive symptoms with recurrent falls: a cross-sectional elderly population based study and a systematic review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17:152-7.
57. World Health Organization. Women's Health Fact Sheet. 2012.
58. Dinsa GD, Goryakin Y, Fumagalli E, Suhrcke M. Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2012;13:1067-79.
59. Da Silva HG, Mendonça LMC, Conceição FL, Zahar SEV, Farias MLF. Influence of obesity on bone density in postmenopausal women. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2007;51:943-9.
60. Nielson CM, Srikanth P, Orwoll ES. Obesity and fracture in men and women: an epidemiologic perspective. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27:1-10.
61. Wu Y. Overweight and obesity in China. The once lean giant has a weight problem that is increasing rapidly. BMJ. 2006;333:362-3.
62. Lee CMY, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of abdominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:646-53.
63. Kalra S, Mercuri M, Anand SS. Measures of body fat in South Asian adults. Nutr Diet. 2013;3, e69.
64. Ancoli-Israel S, Ayalon L. Disgnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14:95-103.
65. Latimer Hill E, Cumming RG, Lewis R, Carrington S, Le Couteur DG. Sleep disturbances and falls in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:62-6.
66. Gildner TE, Liebert M, Kowal P, Chatterji S, Snodgrass J. Associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and cognitive test performance among older adults from six middle income countries: results from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). J Clin Sleep Med. 2014;10:9.
67. Stalenhoef PA, Diederiks JPM, Knottnerus JA, Kester ADM, Crebolder HFJM. A risk model for the prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:1088-94.
68. Iaboni A, Flint AJ. The complex interplay of depression and falls in older adults: a clinical review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2013;21:484-92.
69. Uusi-Rasi K, Patil R, Karinkanta S, Kannus P, Tokola K, Christel Lamberg-Allardt C, et al. Exercise and vitamin D in fall prevention among older women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175:703-11.
70. Day L. Fall prevention programs for community-dwelling older people should primarily target a multifactorial intervention rather than exercise as a single intervention. J Am Geristrics Soc. 2013;61:284-5.
71. Jagnoor J, Suraweera W, Keay R, Ivers RQ, Thakur JS, Gururajd G, et al. Childhood and adult mortality from unintentional falls in India. Bull World Health Org. 2011;89:733-40.
72. Rojanasthien S, Luevitoonvechkij S. Epidemiology of hip fracture in Chiang Mai. J Med Assoc Thailand. 2005;88:S105-9.
73. Lau EMC, Lee JK, Suriwongpaisal P, Saw SM, De Das S, Khir A, et al. The incidence of hip fracture in four Asian countries: The Asian Osteoporosis Study (AOS). Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:239-43.
74. Ling X, Aimin L, Xihe Z, Xiaoshu C, Cummings SR. Very low rates of hip fracture in Beijing, People's Republic of China The Beijing Osteoporosis Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:901-7.
75. Dsouza SA, Rajashekar B, Dsouza HS, Kumar KB. Falls in Indian older adults: a barrier to active ageing. Asian J Gerontol Geriatr. 2014;9:33-40.