Growth from behind: Intercalation-growth of two-dimensional FeO moiré structure underneath of metal-supported graphene

Scientific Reports

Volumn 5, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Dahal, Arjun ^a   Batzill, Matthias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84935865727     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep11378     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Sutter, P., Flege, J. & Sutter, E. Epitaxial graphene on ruthenium. Nat. Mater. 7, 406-411 (2008).
2. Coraux, J., N'Diaye, A., Busse, C. & Michely, T. Structural coherency of graphene on Ir(111). Nano Lett. 8, 565-570 (2008).
3. Reina, A. et al. Large Area, Few-Layer Graphene Films on Arbitrary Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Nano Lett. 9, 30-35 (2009).
4. Li, X. et al. Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils. Science 324, 1312-1314 (2009).
5. Sutter, P., Sadowski, J. T. & Sutter, E. Graphene on Pt(111): Growth and substrate interaction. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245411 (2009).
6. Kim, K. S. et al. Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature 457, 706-710 (2009).
7. Shikin, A. M., Prudnikova, G. V., Adamchuk, V. K., Moresco, F. & Rieder, K. H. Surface intercalation of gold underneath a graphite monolayer on Ni(111) studied by angle-resolved photoemission and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 62, 13202-13208 (2000).
8. Batzill, M. The surface science of graphene: Metal interfaces, CVD synthesis, nanoribbons, chemical modifications, and defects. Surf. Sci. Rep. 67, 83-115 (2012).
9. Sutter, P., Sadowski, J. T. & Sutter, E. A. Chemistry under Cover: Tuning Metal-Graphene Interaction by Reactive Intercalation. JACS 132, 8175-8179 (2010).
10. Granas, E. et al. Oxygen Intercalation under Graphene on Ir(111): Energetics, Kinetics, and the Role of Graphene Edges. ACS Nano 6, 9951-9963 (2012).
11. Granas, E. et al. CO Intercalation of Graphene on Ir(111) in the Millibar Regime. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 16438-16447 (2013).
12. Dedkov Y. et al. Intercalation of copper underneath a monolayer of graphite on Ni(111). Phys. Rev. B 64, 035405 (2001).
13. Starodubov, A. G., Medvetskii, M. A., Shikin, A. M. & Adamchuk, V. K. Intercalation of silver atoms under a graphite monolayer on Ni(111). Phys. Solid State 46, 1340-1348 (2004).
14. Dedkov, Y. S., Fonin, M., Rüdiger, U. & Laubschat, C. Graphene-protected iron layer on Ni(111). Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 022509 (2008).
15. Shikin A. M., Adamchuk V. K. & Rieder K. H. Formation of quasi-free graphene on the Ni(111) surface with intercalated Cu, Ag, and Au layers. Phys. Solid State 51, 2390-2400 (2009).
16. Jin, L., Fu, Q., Mu, R. T., Tan, D. L. & Bao, X. H. Pb intercalation underneath a graphene layer on Ru(0001) and its effect on graphene oxidation. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 16655-16660 (2011).
17. Addou, R., Dahal, A. & Batzill, M. Graphene on ordered Ni-alloy surfaces formed by metal (Sn, Al) intercalation between graphene/Ni(111). Surf. Sci. 606, 1108-1112 (2012).
18. Rybkina, A. A. et al. Interaction of graphene with intercalated Al: The process of intercalation and specific features of the electronic structure of the system. Surf. Sci. 609, 7-17 (2013).
19. Mao, J. H. et al. Silicon layer intercalation of centimeter-scale, epitaxially grown monolayer graphene on Ru(0001). Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 093101 (2012).
20. Varykhalov, A. et al. Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Quasifreestanding Graphene on Ni. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 157601 (2008).
21. Lizzit, S. et al. Transfer-Free Electrical Insulation of Epitaxial Graphene from its Metal Substrate. Nano Lett. 12, 4503-4507 (2012).
22. Omiciuolo, L. et al. Bottom-up approach for the low-cost synthesis of graphene-alumina nanosheet interfaces using bimetallic alloys. Nat. Commun. 5, 5062 (2014).
23. Giordano, L., Pacchioni, G., Goniakowski, J., Nilius, N., Rienks, E. D. L. & Freund, H.-J. Interplay between structural, magnetic, and electronic properties in a FeO/Pt(111) ultrathin film. Phys. Rev. B 76, 075416 (2007).
24. Ponomarenko, L. A. et al. Cloning of Dirac fermions in graphene superlattices. Nature 497, 594-597 (2013).
25. Dean, C. R. et al. Hofstadter's butterfly and the fractal quantum Hall effect in moire superlattices. Nature 497, 598-602 (2013).
26. Murata, Y. et al. Growth structure and work function of bilayer graphene on Pd(111). Phys. Rev. B 85, 205443 (2012).
27. Decker, R. G. et al. Local Electronic Properties of Graphene on a BN Substrate via Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Nano Lett. 11, 2291-2295 (2011).
28. de Parga, A. L. V. et al. Periodically rippled graphene: Growth and spatially resolved electronic structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 056807 (2008).
29. Wang, B., Caffio, M., Bromley, C., Früchtl, H. & Schaub, R. Coupling Epitaxy, Chemical Bonding, and Work Function at the Local Scale in Transition Metal-Supported Graphene. ACS Nano 4, 5773-5782 (2010).
30. Merino, P., Švec, M., Pinardi, A. L., Otero, G. & Martín-Gago, J. A. Strain-Driven Moiré Superstructures of Epitaxial Graphene on Transition Metal Surfaces. ACS Nano 5, 5627-5634 (2011).
31. Galloway, H. C., Benítez, J. J. & Salmeron, M. The structure of monolayer films of FeO on Pt(111). Surf. Sci. 298, 127-133 (1993).
32. Galloway, H. C., Benítez, J. J., Salmeron, M. Growth of FeOx on Pt(111) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 2302-2307 (1994).
33. Kim, Y. J. et al. The growth of iron oxide films on Pt(111): a combined XPD, STM, and LEED study. Surf. Sci. 416, 68-111 (1998).
34. Weiss, W. & Ranke, W. Surface chemistry and catalysis on well-defined epitaxial iron-oxide layers. Prog. Surf. Sci. 70, 1-151 (2002).
35. Rienks, E. D. L., Nilius, N., Rust, H.-P. & Freund, H.-J. Surface potential of a polar oxide film: FeO on Pt(111). Phys. Rev. B 71, 241404 (2005).
36. Giovannetti, G. et al. Doping graphene with metal contacts. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 026803 (2008).
37. Schumacher, S. et al. The Backside of Graphene: Manipulating Adsorption by Intercalation. Nano Lett. 13, 5013-5019 (2013).
38. Vurens, G. H., Salmeron, M. & Somorjai, G. A. Structure, composition and chemisorption studies of thin ordered iron oxide films on platinum (111). Surf. Sci. 201, 129-144 (1988).
39. Vurens G. H., Maurice V., Salmeron M. & Somorjai G. A. Growth, structure and chemical properties of FeO overlayers on Pt(100) and Pt(111). Surf. Sci. 268, 170-178 (1992).
40. Giordano, L., Pacchioni, G., Goniakowski, J., Nilius, N., Rienks, E. D. L. & Freund, H.-J. Charging of Metal Adatoms on Ultrathin Oxide Films: Au and Pd on FeO/Pt(111). Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 026102 (2008).
41. Rienks, E. D. L. et al. Zero-bias conductance anomaly of a FeO-bound Au atom triggered by CO adsorption. Phys. Rev. B 79, 075427 (2009).
42. Kim, Y. J. et al. Interlayer interactions in epitaxial oxide growth: FeO on Pt(111). Phys. Rev. B 55, R13448-R13451 (1997).
43. Prasai, D., Tuberquia, J. C., Harl, R. R., Jennings, G. K. & Bolotin, K. I. Graphene: Corrosion-Inhibiting Coating. ACS Nano 6, 1102-1108 (2012).
44. Zhang, H., Fu, Q., Cui, Y., Tan, D. & Bao, X. Growth Mechanism of Graphene on Ru(0001) and O2 Adsorption on the Graphene/Ru(0001) Surface. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 8296-8301 (2009).
45. Coy-Diaz, H., Addou, R. & Batzill, M. Interface between Graphene and SrTiO3(001) Investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Photoemission. J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 21006-21013 (2013).
46. Ugeda, M. et al. Point Defects on Graphene on Metals. Physs Rev. Lett. 107, 116803 (2011).
47. Amara, H., Latil, S., Meunier, V., Lambin, P. & Charlier, J. C. Scanning tunneling microscopy fingerprints of point defects in graphene: A theoretical prediction. Phys. Rev. B 76, 115423 (2007).
48. Cockayne, E. Graphing and grafting graphene: Classifying finite topological defects. Phys. Rev. B 85, 125409 (2012).
49. Kelly, K. F. & Halas, N. J. Determination of α and β site defects on graphite using C60-adsorbed STM tips. Surf. Sci. 416, L1085-L1089 (1998).
50. Ugeda, M., Brihuega, I., Guinea, F. & Gómez-Rodríguez, J. Missing Atom as a Source of Carbon Magnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 096804 (2010).
51. Ugeda, M. et al. Electronic and structural characterization of divacancies in irradiated graphene. Phys. Rev. B 85, 121402 (2012).
52. Terrones, H., Lv, R. T., Terrones, M. & Dresselhaus, M. S. The role of defects and doping in 2D graphene sheets and 1D nanoribbons. Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 062501 (2012).
53. Dahal, A., Addou, R., Coy-Diaz, H., Lallo, J. & Batzill, M. Charge Doping of Graphene in Metal/Graphene/Dielectric Sandwich Strucutre Evaluated by C-1s Core Level Photoemission Spectroscopy. APL Mater. 1, 042107 (2013).
54. Avila, J. et al. Exploring electronic structure of one-atom thick polycrystalline graphene films: A nano angle resolved photoemission study. Sci. Rep. 3, 2439 (2013).
55. Yang, H. et al. Graphene Barristor, a Triode Device with a Gate-Controlled Schottky Barrier. Science 336, 1140-1143 (2012).
56. Britnell, L. et al. Field-Effect Tunneling Transistor Based on Vertical Graphene Heterostructures. Science 335, 947-950 (2012).
57. Michaelson, H. B. Work Function of Elements and Its Periodicity. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 4729-4733 (1977).
58. Palacio, I., Monti, M., Marco, J. F., McCarty, K. F. & de la Figuera, J. Initial stages of FeO growth on Ru(0001). J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 25, 484001 (2013).
59. Zeuthen, H. et al. Structure of Stoichiometric and Oxygen-Rich Ultrathin FeO(111) Films Grown on Pd(111). J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 15155-15163 (2013).
60. Surnev, S. et al. Growth and structure of ultrathin vanadium oxide layers on Pd(111). Phys. Rev. B 61, 13945-13954 (2000).
61. Batzill, M., Kim, J., Beck, D. E. & Koel, B. E. Epitaxial growth of tin oxide on Pt(111): Structure and properties of wetting layers and SnO2 crystallites. Phys. Rev. B 69, (2004).
62. Matsumoto, T., Batzill, M., Hsieh, S. & Koel, B. E. Fundamental studies of titanium oxide-Pt(100) interfaces : I. Stable high temperature structures formed by annealing TiOx films on Pt(100). Surf. Sci. 572, 127-145 (2004).
63. Weirum, G. et al. Growth and Surface Structure of Zinc Oxide Layers on a Pd(111) Surface. J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 15432-15439 (2010).
64. Tao, J. G. & Batzill, M. Ultrathin Y2O3(111) films on Pt(111) substrates. Surf. Sci. 605, 1826-1833 (2011).
65. Gragnaniello, L. et al. The two-dimensional cobalt oxide (9 × 2) phase on Pd(100). J. Chem. Phys. 134, (2011).
66. Surnev, S., Fortunelli, A. & Netzer, F. P. Structure-Property Relationship and Chemical Aspects of Oxide-Metal Hybrid Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 113, 4314-4372 (2012).
67. Forster, S., Meinel, K., Hammer, R., Trautmann, M. & Widdra W. Quasicrystalline structure formation in a classical crystalline thin-film system. Nature 502, 215-218 (2013).
68. Kuhlenbeck, H., Shaikhutdinov, S. & Freund, H.-J. Well-Ordered Transition Metal Oxide Layers in Model Catalysis - A Series of Case Studies. Chem. Rev. 113, 3986-4034 (2013).
69. Gragnaniello, L. et al. Surface structure of nickel oxide layers on a Rh(111) surface. Surf. Sci. 611, 86-93 (2013).
70. Denk, M. et al. Metal Tungstates at the Ultimate Two-Dimensional Limit: Fabrication of a CuWO4 Nanophase. ACS Nano 8, 3947-3954 (2014).