Minimizing the risk of disease transmission in emergency settings: Novel in situ physico-chemical disinfection of pathogen-laden hospital Wastewaters

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2015, Pages

  Sozzi, Emanuele ^a   Fabre, Kerline ^b   Fesselet, Jean François ^c   Ebdon, James E ^a   Taylor, Huw ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRIGHTON   (United Kingdom)

^b MSF OCA ^*  (Haïti)

^c MSF OCA   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIOLOGY; BACTERIUM CONTAMINATION; BACTERIUM EXAMINATION; BLOOD CLOTTING; CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND; CHLORINATION; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; COLONY FORMING UNIT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISINFECTION; EBOLAVIRUS; FLOCCULATION; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; SANITATION; SLUDGE TREATMENT; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; TURBIDITY; WASTE DISPOSAL; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT; CHOLERA; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EARTHQUAKE; ECONOMICS; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; HAITI; HISTORY; MICROBIOLOGY; PH; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS; TRANSMISSION; WASTE WATER;

ALUMINUM POTASSIUM SULFATE; ALUMINUM SULFATE; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; WASTE WATER;

ALUM COMPOUNDS; CHOLERA; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; DISEASE TRANSMISSION, INFECTIOUS; DISINFECTION; EARTHQUAKES; EMERGENCY TREATMENT; FLOCCULATION; HAITI; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; WASTE WATER;

EID: 84934776967     PISSN: 19352727     EISSN: 19352735     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003776     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adams P (2013) Cholera in Haiti takes a turn for the worse. Lancet 381: 1264-1264. PMID: 23589912
2. MSPP (2014) Rapport de cas. Port-au-Prince: MSPP.
3. Global Task Force on Cholera Control (1993) Guidelines for cholera control. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
4. Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004) Cholera. Lancet 363: 223-233. PMID: 14738797
5. Bourdelais P, Dodin A. (1987) Visages du cholera. Paris, France: Editions Belin.
6. Chin C-S, Sorenson J, Harris JB, Robins WP, Charles RC, et al. (2011) The Origin of the Haitian cholera outbreak strain. New England Journal of Medicine 364: 33-42. doi: 10. 1056/NEJMoa1012928 PMID: 21142692
7. Hendriksen RS, Price LB, Schupp JM, Gillece JD, Kaas RS, et al. (2011) Population Genetics of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal in 2010: Evidence on the Origin of the Haitian Outbreak. Mbio 2.
8. Sanchez JL, Taylor DN (1997) Cholera. Lancet 349: 1825-1830. PMID: 9269227
9. Fung ICH, Fitter DL, Borse RH, Meltzer MI, Tappero JW (2013) Modeling the effect of water, sanitation, and hygiene on oral cholera vaccine implementation in Haiti. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89: 633-640. doi: 10. 4269/ajtmh. 13-0201 PMID: 24106189
10. Dutta P, Sur D, Bhattacharya SK (2011) Management of cholera. In: Ramamurthy T., Bhattacharya S., editors. Epidemiological and molecular aspects on cholera. New York, USA: Springer. pp. 341-354.
11. Freeman MC, Ogden S, Jacobson J, Abbott D, Addiss DG, et al. (2013) Integration of water, sanitation, and hygiene for the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases: a rationale for inter-sectoral collaboration. Plos Negl Trop Dis 7.
12. Utzinger J, Raso G, Brooker S, de Savigny D, Tanner M, Ornbjerg N, et al. (2009) Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution. Parasitology 136: 1859-1874. doi: 10. 1017/S0031182009991600 PMID: 19906318
13. Singer BH, de Castro MC (2007) Bridges to sustainable tropical health. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104: 16038-16043. PMID: 17913894
14. Bartram J, Cairncross S (2010) Hygiene, sanitation, and water: forgotten foundations of health. Plos Medicine 7.
15. MSF (2011) MSF International activity report 2010. Geneva, Switzerland: Médecins Sans Frontières International Office.
16. MSF (2012) MSF International activity report 2011. Geneva, Switzerland: Médecins Sans Frontières International Office.
17. MSF (2013) MSF International activity report 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: Médecins Sans Frontières International Office.
18. Fesselet J-F (2010) Safe excreta disposal. In: Van Den Noortgate J, Maes P., editor. Public health engineering in precarious situations. 2nd ed. Paris, France: MSF. pp. 3. 1-3. 57.
19. Brown J, Cavill S, Cumming O, Jeandron A (2012) Water, sanitation and hygiene in emergencies: summary review and recommendations for further research. Waterlines 31: 11-29.
20. UNOCHA (2010) Haiti-Cholera-situation report #20. Port-au-Prince, Haiti: UNOCHA.
21. White GC (2010) Black & Veatch Corporation-White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants; 5th, ed. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: Wiley-Blackwell.
22. Rice EW, Johnson CJ, Clark RM, Fox KR, Reasoner DJ, et al. (1992) Chlorine and survival of rugose Vibrio cholerae. Lancet 340: 740-740. PMID: 1355849
23. Morris JG, Sztein MB, Rice EW, Nataro JP, Losonsky GA, Panigrahi P, et al. (1996) Vibrio cholerae 01 can assume a chlorine-resistant rugose survival form that is virulent for humans. J Infect Dis 174: 1364-1368. PMID: 8940236
24. Howard J, Lloyd B., Webber D. (1975) Oxfam Sanitation Unit. The design and testing of a sanitation and sewage treatment unit for disasters and long term use, 2nd ed. Oxfam technical paper, Oxfam House: Oxford, UK.
25. Howard J, Lloyd B. (1977) The Oxfam Sanitation Unit. P R Soc London Series B, Biological sciences: a discussion on technologies for rural health London, 19 October 1977 199: 179-182.
26. Tamplin ML, Parodi CC (1991) Environmental spread of Vibrio cholerae in Peru. Lancet 338: 1216- 1217. PMID: 1682633
27. Dizon J, Fukumi H, Barua D, Valera J, Jayme F, et al. (1967) Studies on cholera carriers. B World Health Organ 37: 737-743. PMID: 5300876
28. Bauernfeind A, Croisier A., Fesselet J. F., Van Hep M., Le Saoût E., Cluskey J. M. (2004) Cholera guidelines. Paris, France: Médecins Sans Frontières.
29. Taylor HD, Gambrill M. P., Mara D. D. (1994) Lime treatment of municipal wastewater-research monographs in tropical public health engineering-No. 3. Leeds, UK: The University of Leeds.
30. Taylor HD, Gambrill MP, Mara DD, Silva SA (1994) Upgrading a low-cost physicochemical waste-water treatment-plant to solve operational problems. Water Sci Technol 29: 247-254.
31. Shockman GD, Barrett JF (1983) Structure, function, and assembly of cell-walls of Gram-positive bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 37: 501-527. PMID: 6139058
32. Csonka LN (1989) Physiological and genetic responses of bacteria to osmotic-stress. Microbiol Rev 53: 121-147. PMID: 2651863
33. Mendonca AF, Amoroso TL, Knabel SJ (1994) Destruction of Gram-negative food-borne pathogens by high pH involves disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. Appl Environ Microb 60: 4009-4014. PMID: 7993089
34. Eklund T (1983) The antimicrobial effect of dissociated and undissociated sorbic acid at different pH levels. J Appl Bacteriol 54: 383-389. PMID: 6409875
35. International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. (1980) Factors affecting life and death of microorganisms. New York: Academic Press. xvi, 332 p. p.
36. Freese E, Sheu CW, Galliers E (1973) Function of lipophilic acids as antimicrobial food additives. Nature 241: 321-325. PMID: 4633553
37. Cramer JA, Prestegard JH (1977) Nmr-studies of pH-induced transport of carboxylic-acids across phospholipid vesicle membranes. Biochem Bioph Res Co 75: 295-301. PMID: 15562
38. Suarez S, Lerna JM, Omil F (2009) Pre-treatment of hospital wastewater by coagulation-flocculation and flotation. Bioresource Technol 100: 2138-2146. doi: 10. 1016/j. biortech. 2008. 11. 015 PMID: 19109012
39. Kummerer K (2001) Drugs in the environment: emission of drugs, diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources-a review. Chemosphere 45: 957-969. PMID: 11695619
40. Gautam AK, Kumar S, Sabumon PC (2007) Preliminary study of physico-chemical treatment options for hospital wastewater. J Environ Manage 83: 298-306. PMID: 16824671
41. Emmanuel E, Perrodin Y, Keck G, Blanchard JM, Vermande P (2005) Ecotoxicological risk assessment of hospital wastewater: a proposed framework for raw effluents discharging into urban sewer network. J Hazar Mater 117: 1-11. PMID: 15621348
42. Emmanuel E, Keck G Perrodin Y (2001) Caractérisation chimique, biologique et écotoxicologique des effluents hospitaliers. Dechets Sciences et Techniques 22.
43. Sozzi E, Fesselet, J. -F., Taylor, H. D. (2011) Novel approaches to the treatment and disinfection of cholera treatment centre wastewaters. Conference proceedings: 6th World Water Forum.
44. WHO (1996) World Health Organization-Fact sheets on environmental sanitation. Guildford, UK: University of Surrey.
45. Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. (2010) American Public Health Association: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater - 22nd ed. Washington, DC, USA: APHA/ AWWA/WEF.
46. WHO (2008) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, vol. 1, 3rd Ed. Incorporating the first and second addenda. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
47. Tchobanoglous G, Burton F. (2003) Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal and reuse. New York, USA: Metcalf and Eddy Inc.
48. Andreoli CV, Sperling MV, Fernandes F. (2007) Sludge treatment and disposal. London, UK: IWA Publishing.
49. Ahmed J, Bardhan PK, Carter W, Gonzalez L, Hall R, Heeger J, et al. (2013) Comprehensive integrated strategy for cholera prevention and control. Decatur, Georgia, USA: Task Force for Global Health. 41- 46 p.
50. Cravioto A, Lanata C. F., Lantagne D. S., Nair B. (2011) Final report of the independent panel of experts on the cholera outbreak in Haiti. New York, USA: United Nations.
51. Mara D, Cairncross S (1989) Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
52. Public Health Agency of Canada (2014) Ebolavirus: Pathogen safety data sheet-Infectious substances. Ottawa, Ontario.
53. Franz DR, Jahrling PB, Friedlander AM, McClain DJ, Hoover DL, et al. (1997) Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents. J Amer Med Assoc 278: 399-411. PMID: 9244332
54. Curtis T (1996) The fate of Vibrio cholerae in wastewater treatment systems. In: Drasar BS Forrest BD, editors. Cholera and the Ecology of Vibrio cholerae. London, UK: Chapman & Hall. pp. 295-332