메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue , 2016, Pages 2-19

Comparing the effects of urban heat island mitigation strategies for Toronto, Canada

Author keywords

Cool roof; Microclimate simulation; Urban heat island; Urban surface albedo; Urban vegetation

Indexed keywords

PLANNING; ROOFS; THERMAL COMFORT; THERMAL POLLUTION; URBAN GROWTH; URBAN PLANNING; VEGETATION;

EID: 84934774905     PISSN: 03787788     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.046     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (401)

References (99)
  • 4
    • 4143080377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V H gene segments in the mouse and human genomes
    • B. De Bono, M. Madera, and C. Chothia V H gene segments in the mouse and human genomes J. Mol. Biol. 342 1 2004 131 143
    • (2004) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.342 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-143
    • De Bono, B.1    Madera, M.2    Chothia, C.3
  • 5
    • 0345167838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental-temperature injury in a Canadian metropolis
    • A.T. Koutsavlis, and T. Kosatsky Environmental-temperature injury in a Canadian metropolis J. Environ. Health 66 2003 40 45
    • (2003) J. Environ. Health , vol.66 , pp. 40-45
    • Koutsavlis, A.T.1    Kosatsky, T.2
  • 6
    • 0038330205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat wave hazards: An overview of heat wave impacts in Canada
    • K. Smoyer-Tomic, R. Kuhn, and A. Hudson Heat wave hazards: An overview of heat wave impacts in Canada Nat. Hazards 28 2 2003 465 486
    • (2003) Nat. Hazards , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 465-486
    • Smoyer-Tomic, K.1    Kuhn, R.2    Hudson, A.3
  • 7
    • 0028830534 scopus 로고
    • Calculated influence of temperature-related factors on ozone formation rates in the lower troposphere
    • C.J. Walcek, and H. Yuan Calculated influence of temperature-related factors on ozone formation rates in the lower troposphere J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 34 1995 1056 1069
    • (1995) J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.34 , pp. 1056-1069
    • Walcek, C.J.1    Yuan, H.2
  • 8
    • 84961865680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollution Probe Toronto, Canada
    • O. Nugent The Smog Primer 2002 Pollution Probe Toronto, Canada
    • (2002) The Smog Primer
    • Nugent, O.1
  • 11
    • 62249142122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the influence of land-use and surface characteristics on spatial variability in the urban heat island
    • M. Hart, and D. Sailor Quantifying the influence of land-use and surface characteristics on spatial variability in the urban heat island Theor. Appl. Climatol. 95 3-4 2009 397 406
    • (2009) Theor. Appl. Climatol. , vol.95 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 397-406
    • Hart, M.1    Sailor, D.2
  • 12
    • 84923042270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A holistic view of the effects of urban heat island mitigation
    • S. Lehmann, Routledge New York
    • D.J. Sailor A holistic view of the effects of urban heat island mitigation S. Lehmann, Low Carbon Cities: Transforming Urban Systems 2014 Routledge New York 270 281
    • (2014) Low Carbon Cities: Transforming Urban Systems , pp. 270-281
    • Sailor, D.J.1
  • 13
    • 84864191264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooling the cities - A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments
    • M. Santamouris Cooling the cities - A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments Solar Energy 103 2014 682 703
    • (2014) Solar Energy , vol.103 , pp. 682-703
    • Santamouris, M.1
  • 14
    • 84961935977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Canada, 2009.
    • Natural Resources Canada, 2009.
  • 15
    • 34547106333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of pavement thermophysical properties on surface temperatures
    • J. Gui, P.E. Phelan, K.E. Kaloush, and J.S. Golden Impact of pavement thermophysical properties on surface temperatures J. Mater. Civil Eng. 1 2007 683 690
    • (2007) J. Mater. Civil Eng. , vol.1 , pp. 683-690
    • Gui, J.1    Phelan, P.E.2    Kaloush, K.E.3    Golden, J.S.4
  • 17
    • 0034028848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of permeable pavement during hot summer weather and impact on the thermal environment
    • T. Asaedaa, and V.T. Ca Characteristics of permeable pavement during hot summer weather and impact on the thermal environment Build. Environ. 35 2000 363 375
    • (2000) Build. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 363-375
    • Asaedaa, T.1    Ca, V.T.2
  • 18
    • 0035055764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas
    • H. Akbari, M. Pomerantz, and H. Taha Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas Solar Energy 70 3 2001 295 310
    • (2001) Solar Energy , vol.70 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-310
    • Akbari, H.1    Pomerantz, M.2    Taha, H.3
  • 19
    • 0346276841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy effect of heat island reduction strategies in Toronto, Canada
    • H. Akbari, and S. Konopacki Energy effect of heat island reduction strategies in Toronto, Canada Energy 29 2004 191 210
    • (2004) Energy , vol.29 , pp. 191-210
    • Akbari, H.1    Konopacki, S.2
  • 20
    • 33947495516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the development, optical properties and thermal performance of cool colored coatings for the urban environment
    • A. Synnefa, M. Santamouris, and K. Apostolakis On the development, optical properties and thermal performance of cool colored coatings for the urban environment Solar Energy 81 4 2007 488 497
    • (2007) Solar Energy , vol.81 , Issue.4 , pp. 488-497
    • Synnefa, A.1    Santamouris, M.2    Apostolakis, K.3
  • 21
    • 84888616939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermal effect of an innovative cool roof on residential buildings in Italy: Results from two years of continuous monitoring
    • A.L. Pisello, and F. Cotana The thermal effect of an innovative cool roof on residential buildings in Italy: Results from two years of continuous monitoring Energy Build. 69 2014 154 164
    • (2014) Energy Build. , vol.69 , pp. 154-164
    • Pisello, A.L.1    Cotana, F.2
  • 22
    • 0022682221 scopus 로고
    • Street design and the urban canopy layer climate
    • T.R. Oke Street design and the urban canopy layer climate Energy Build. 11 1988 103 113
    • (1988) Energy Build. , vol.11 , pp. 103-113
    • Oke, T.R.1
  • 23
    • 0034691718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microclimates of a suburban Colorado (USA) landscape and implications for planning and design
    • G.B. Bonan The microclimates of a suburban Colorado (USA) landscape and implications for planning and design Landsc. Urban Plan. 49 3 2000 97 114
    • (2000) Landsc. Urban Plan. , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 97-114
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 25
    • 68349146541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate
    • L. Shashua-Bar, D. Pearlmutter, and E. Erell The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate Landsc. Urban Plan. 92 3 2009 179 186
    • (2009) Landsc. Urban Plan. , vol.92 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-186
    • Shashua-Bar, L.1    Pearlmutter, D.2    Erell, E.3
  • 26
    • 84890020232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs
    • U. Berardi, A. GhaffarianHoseini, and A. GhaffarianHoseini State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs Appl. Energy 115 2014 411 428
    • (2014) Appl. Energy , vol.115 , pp. 411-428
    • Berardi, U.1    GhaffarianHoseini, A.2    GhaffarianHoseini, A.3
  • 27
    • 78751699654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions in the urban environment
    • D.J. Sailor A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions in the urban environment Int. J. Climatol. 31 2 2011 189 199
    • (2011) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-199
    • Sailor, D.J.1
  • 28
    • 79952003036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of a forested urban park: What is the value of Allan Gardens to the city of Toronto, Canada?
    • A.A. Millward, and S. Sabir Benefits of a forested urban park: What is the value of Allan Gardens to the city of Toronto, Canada? Landsc. Urban Plan. 100 3 2011 177 188
    • (2011) Landsc. Urban Plan. , vol.100 , Issue.3 , pp. 177-188
    • Millward, A.A.1    Sabir, S.2
  • 29
    • 80052799115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong
    • E. Ng, L. Chen, Y. Wang, and C. Yuan A study on the cooling effects of greening in a high-density city: An experience from Hong Kong Build. Environ. 47 2012 256 271
    • (2012) Build. Environ. , vol.47 , pp. 256-271
    • Ng, E.1    Chen, L.2    Wang, Y.3    Yuan, C.4
  • 30
    • 84890020232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs
    • U. Berardi, A.H. GhaffarianHoseini, and A. GhaffarianHoseini State-of-the-art analysis of the environmental benefits of green roofs Appl. Energy 115 2014 411 428
    • (2014) Appl. Energy , vol.115 , pp. 411-428
    • Berardi, U.1    GhaffarianHoseini, A.H.2    GhaffarianHoseini, A.3
  • 31
    • 0035400561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of street canyons on the cooling loads and the performance of air conditioning systems
    • A.M. Papadopoulos The influence of street canyons on the cooling loads and the performance of air conditioning systems Energy Build. 33 2001 601 607
    • (2001) Energy Build. , vol.33 , pp. 601-607
    • Papadopoulos, A.M.1
  • 34
    • 84904165339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sky view factor on outdoor temperature and comfort in Montreal
    • Y. Wang, and H. Akbari Effect of sky view factor on outdoor temperature and comfort in Montreal Environ. Eng. Sci. 31 6 2014 272 287
    • (2014) Environ. Eng. Sci. , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 272-287
    • Wang, Y.1    Akbari, H.2
  • 35
    • 84897107053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making Toronto solar ready: Proposing urban forms for the integration of solar strategies
    • A. Colucci, and M. Horvat Making Toronto solar ready: Proposing urban forms for the integration of solar strategies Energy Proc. 01 30 2012 1090 1098
    • (2012) Energy Proc. , vol.1 , Issue.30 , pp. 1090-1098
    • Colucci, A.1    Horvat, M.2
  • 36
    • 0026269361 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of nocturnal surface urban heat islands under 'ideal' conditions: Part 2. Diagnosis of causation
    • T.R. Oke, G.T. Johnson, D.G. Steyn, and D.I. Watson Simulation of nocturnal surface urban heat islands under 'ideal' conditions: Part 2. Diagnosis of causation Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 56 1991 339 358
    • (1991) Boundary-Layer Meteorol. , vol.56 , pp. 339-358
    • Oke, T.R.1    Johnson, G.T.2    Steyn, D.G.3    Watson, D.I.4
  • 37
    • 0038516768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of urban configuration on urban air temperatures
    • M. Elnahas The effects of urban configuration on urban air temperatures Archit. Sci. Rev. 46 2003 135 138
    • (2003) Archit. Sci. Rev. , vol.46 , pp. 135-138
    • Elnahas, M.1
  • 38
    • 7244242360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sky view factor analysis - implications for urban air temperature differences
    • M. Svensson Sky view factor analysis - implications for urban air temperature differences Meteorol. Appl. 11 2004 201 211
    • (2004) Meteorol. Appl. , vol.11 , pp. 201-211
    • Svensson, M.1
  • 39
    • 57349163737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connection between urban heat island and sky view factor approximated by a software tool on a 3D urban database
    • J. Unger Connection between urban heat island and sky view factor approximated by a software tool on a 3D urban database Int. J. Environ. Pollut. 36 2008 59 80
    • (2008) Int. J. Environ. Pollut. , vol.36 , pp. 59-80
    • Unger, J.1
  • 40
    • 84906314850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfort and energy saving with active green roofs'
    • P. La Roche, and U. Berardi Comfort and energy saving with active green roofs' Energy Build. 82 2014 492 504
    • (2014) Energy Build. , vol.82 , pp. 492-504
    • La Roche, P.1    Berardi, U.2
  • 41
    • 0000424793 scopus 로고
    • Cooling urban heat islands with sustainable landscapes
    • R.H. Platt, R.A. Rowntree, P.C. Muick, University of Massachusetts Press
    • E.G. McPherson Cooling urban heat islands with sustainable landscapes R.H. Platt, R.A. Rowntree, P.C. Muick, The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity 1994 University of Massachusetts Press
    • (1994) The Ecological City: Preserving and Restoring Urban Biodiversity
    • McPherson, E.G.1
  • 42
    • 0029531039 scopus 로고
    • Urban form and climate: Case study, Toronto
    • P. Bosselmann, E. Arens, K. Dunker, and et al. Urban form and climate: Case study, Toronto J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 61 2 1995 226 239
    • (1995) J. Am. Plan. Assoc. , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-239
    • Bosselmann, P.1    Arens, E.2    Dunker, K.3
  • 43
    • 84859440771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate
    • S. Berkovic, A. Yezioro, and A. Bitan Study of thermal comfort in courtyards in a hot arid climate Solar Energy 86 2012 1173 1186
    • (2012) Solar Energy , vol.86 , pp. 1173-1186
    • Berkovic, S.1    Yezioro, A.2    Bitan, A.3
  • 44
    • 80052546010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal comfort conditions of shaded outdoor spaces in hot and humid climate of Malaysia
    • N. Makaremi, E. Salleh, M.Z. Jaafar, and et al. Thermal comfort conditions of shaded outdoor spaces in hot and humid climate of Malaysia Build. Environ. 48 2012 7 14
    • (2012) Build. Environ. , vol.48 , pp. 7-14
    • Makaremi, N.1    Salleh, E.2    Jaafar, M.Z.3
  • 45
    • 84900500173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the thermal comfort on urban level in a desert area: Case study of Dubai
    • H. Taleb, and D. Taleb Enhancing the thermal comfort on urban level in a desert area: Case study of Dubai Urban Forest. Urban Green. 13 2 2014 253 260
    • (2014) Urban Forest. Urban Green. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-260
    • Taleb, H.1    Taleb, D.2
  • 47
    • 79955115433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-scale atmospheric environment modeling for urban areas
    • A.A. Baklanov, and R.B. Nuterman Multi-scale atmospheric environment modeling for urban areas Adv. Sci. Res. 3 2009 53 57
    • (2009) Adv. Sci. Res. , vol.3 , pp. 53-57
    • Baklanov, A.A.1    Nuterman, R.B.2
  • 48
    • 84923042270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A holistic view of the effects of urban heat island mitigation
    • D.J. Sailor A holistic view of the effects of urban heat island mitigation Low Carbon Cities: Transform. Urban Syst. 2014 270
    • (2014) Low Carbon Cities: Transform. Urban Syst. , pp. 270
    • Sailor, D.J.1
  • 49
    • 84923038609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and application of 'thermal radiative power' for urban environmental evaluation
    • Y. Wang, and H. Akbari Development and application of 'thermal radiative power' for urban environmental evaluation Sustain. Cities Soc. 14 2014 316 322
    • (2014) Sustain. Cities Soc. , vol.14 , pp. 316-322
    • Wang, Y.1    Akbari, H.2
  • 50
    • 84923031374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal performance characteristics of unshaded courtyards in hot and humid climates
    • A. Ghaffarianhoseini, U. Berardi, and A. Ghaffarianhoseini Thermal performance characteristics of unshaded courtyards in hot and humid climates Build. Environ. 87 2015 154 168
    • (2015) Build. Environ. , vol.87 , pp. 154-168
    • Ghaffarianhoseini, A.1    Berardi, U.2    Ghaffarianhoseini, A.3
  • 51
    • 33845564012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of building integrated photovoltaics on microclimate of urban canopy layer
    • W. Tian, Y. Wang, Y. Xie, D. Wu, L. Zhu, and J. Ren Effect of building integrated photovoltaics on microclimate of urban canopy layer Build. Environ. 42 5 2007 1891 1901
    • (2007) Build. Environ. , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1891-1901
    • Tian, W.1    Wang, Y.2    Xie, Y.3    Wu, D.4    Zhu, L.5    Ren, J.6
  • 52
    • 84870999909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces
    • X. Yang, L. Zhao, M. Bruse, and Q. Meng Evaluation of a microclimate model for predicting the thermal behavior of different ground surfaces Build. Environ. 60 2013 93 104
    • (2013) Build. Environ. , vol.60 , pp. 93-104
    • Yang, X.1    Zhao, L.2    Bruse, M.3    Meng, Q.4
  • 53
    • 84940166904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape modification for ambient environmental improvement in central business districts - A case from Beijing
    • Y. Wang, and J. Zacharias Landscape modification for ambient environmental improvement in central business districts - A case from Beijing Urban Forest. Urban Green. 14 1 2015 8 18
    • (2015) Urban Forest. Urban Green. , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-18
    • Wang, Y.1    Zacharias, J.2
  • 54
    • 0026818690 scopus 로고
    • The impact of trees and white surfaces on residential heating and cooling energy use in four Canadian cities
    • H. Akbari, and H. Taha The impact of trees and white surfaces on residential heating and cooling energy use in four Canadian cities Energy 17 2 1992 141 149
    • (1992) Energy , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-149
    • Akbari, H.1    Taha, H.2
  • 55
    • 84905486187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat mitigation strategies in winter and summer: Field measurements in temperate climates
    • M. Taleghani, M. Tenpierik, A. van den Dobbelsteen, and D.J. Sailor Heat mitigation strategies in winter and summer: Field measurements in temperate climates Build. Environ. 81 2014 309 319
    • (2014) Build. Environ. , vol.81 , pp. 309-319
    • Taleghani, M.1    Tenpierik, M.2    Van Den Dobbelsteen, A.3    Sailor, D.J.4
  • 56
    • 84892172360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal assessment of heat mitigation strategies: The case of Portland State University, Oregon, USA
    • M. Taleghani, D.J. Sailor, M. Tenpierik, and et al. Thermal assessment of heat mitigation strategies: The case of Portland State University, Oregon, USA Build. Environ. 73 2014 138 150
    • (2014) Build. Environ. , vol.73 , pp. 138-150
    • Taleghani, M.1    Sailor, D.J.2    Tenpierik, M.3
  • 57
    • 78649450167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban design to lower summertime outdoor temperatures: An empirical study on high-rise housing in Shanghai
    • F. Yang, S.S.Y. Lau, and F. Qian Urban design to lower summertime outdoor temperatures: An empirical study on high-rise housing in Shanghai Build. Environ. 46 3 2011 769 785
    • (2011) Build. Environ. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 769-785
    • Yang, F.1    Lau, S.S.Y.2    Qian, F.3
  • 58
    • 0012222970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physiological equivalent temperature - A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment
    • P. Hoppe The physiological equivalent temperature - A universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment Int. J. Biometeorol. 43 1999 71
    • (1999) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.43 , pp. 71
    • Hoppe, P.1
  • 59
    • 84976405190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological equivalent temperature as indicator for impacts of climate change on thermal comfort of humans
    • Springer Dordrecht, Netherlands
    • A. Matzarakis, and B. Amelung Physiological equivalent temperature as indicator for impacts of climate change on thermal comfort of humans Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health 2008 Springer Dordrecht, Netherlands 161
    • (2008) Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health , pp. 161
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Amelung, B.2
  • 60
    • 33644926092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of city-block-scale countermeasures against urban heat-island phenomena upon a building's energy-consumption for air-conditioning
    • Y. Kikegawa, Y. Genchi, H. Kondo, and et al. Impacts of city-block-scale countermeasures against urban heat-island phenomena upon a building's energy-consumption for air-conditioning Appl. Energy 83 6 2006 649 668
    • (2006) Appl. Energy , vol.83 , Issue.6 , pp. 649-668
    • Kikegawa, Y.1    Genchi, Y.2    Kondo, H.3
  • 61
    • 84887354861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of retro-reflective surfaces for urban heat island mitigation: A new analytical model
    • F. Rossi, A.L. Pisello, A. Nicolini, and et al. Analysis of retro-reflective surfaces for urban heat island mitigation: A new analytical model Appl. Energy 114 2014 621 631
    • (2014) Appl. Energy , vol.114 , pp. 621-631
    • Rossi, F.1    Pisello, A.L.2    Nicolini, A.3
  • 64
    • 84929250071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of urbanization and the urban heat island effect on day to day temperature variation
    • B.Y. Tam, W.A. Gough, and T. Mohsin The impact of urbanization and the urban heat island effect on day to day temperature variation Urban Clim. 12 2015 1 10
    • (2015) Urban Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 1-10
    • Tam, B.Y.1    Gough, W.A.2    Mohsin, T.3
  • 65
    • 84961957042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Canada. 2009
    • Natural Resources Canada. 2009.
  • 66
    • 84961867883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land surface temperature mapping of the greater Toronto area from Landsat TM/ETM + thermal imagery: 1987-2008
    • Natural Resources Canada
    • M.J. Maloley Land surface temperature mapping of the greater Toronto area from Landsat TM/ETM + thermal imagery: 1987-2008 Report, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing 2009 Natural Resources Canada
    • (2009) Report, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
    • Maloley, M.J.1
  • 67
    • 84977758512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal remote sensing of urban heat island effects: Greater Toronto Area
    • M.J. Maloley Thermal remote sensing of urban heat island effects: Greater Toronto Area Geol. Surv. Can. 6283 2010 39
    • (2010) Geol. Surv. Can. , vol.6283 , pp. 39
    • Maloley, M.J.1
  • 68
    • 80052528402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toronto's urban heat island - exploring the relationship between land use and surface temperature
    • C. Rinner, and M. Hussain Toronto's urban heat island - exploring the relationship between land use and surface temperature Remote Sens. 3 6 2011 1251 1265
    • (2011) Remote Sens. , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 1251-1265
    • Rinner, C.1    Hussain, M.2
  • 80
    • 84922598038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive mapping of urban tree benefits using Google Fusion Tables and API technologies
    • G.D. Bowie, A.A. Millward, and N.N. Bhagat Interactive mapping of urban tree benefits using Google Fusion Tables and API technologies Urban Forest. Urban Green. 13 4 2014 742 755
    • (2014) Urban Forest. Urban Green. , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 742-755
    • Bowie, G.D.1    Millward, A.A.2    Bhagat, N.N.3
  • 88
    • 26444614659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate
    • F. Ali-Toudert, and H. Mayer Numerical study on the effects of aspect ratio and orientation of an urban street canyon on outdoor thermal comfort in hot and dry climate Build. Environ. 41 2006 94
    • (2006) Build. Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 94
    • Ali-Toudert, F.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 89
    • 39449130934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of RayMan for tourism and climate investigations
    • A. Matzarakis, and F. Rutz Application of RayMan for tourism and climate investigations Ann. Meteorol. 41 2005 631
    • (2005) Ann. Meteorol. , vol.41 , pp. 631
    • Matzarakis, A.1    Rutz, F.2
  • 91
    • 11044224717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island: Review and new approach
    • J. Unger Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island: Review and new approach Clim. Res. 27 2004 253
    • (2004) Clim. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 253
    • Unger, J.1
  • 96
    • 0035325208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population
    • M.M. Huynen, P. Martens, D. Schram, and et al. The impact of heat waves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population Environ. Health Perspect. 109 5 2001 463
    • (2001) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 463
    • Huynen, M.M.1    Martens, P.2    Schram, D.3
  • 97
    • 46149092266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind tunnel tests on the relationship between building density and pedestrian-level wind velocity: Development of guidelines for realizing acceptable wind environment in residential neighborhoods
    • T. Kubota, M. Miura, Y. Tominaga, and et al. Wind tunnel tests on the relationship between building density and pedestrian-level wind velocity: Development of guidelines for realizing acceptable wind environment in residential neighborhoods Build. Environ. 43 10 2008 1699 1708
    • (2008) Build. Environ. , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1699-1708
    • Kubota, T.1    Miura, M.2    Tominaga, Y.3
  • 99
    • 84863519996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texas Department of Transportation Texas
    • W. Russel, and P.E. Lenz Pavement Design Guide[J] 2013 Texas Department of Transportation Texas http://onlinemanuals.txdot.gov/txdotmanuals/pdm/manual-notice.htm
    • (2013) Pavement Design Guide[J]
    • Russel, W.1    Lenz, P.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.