State Prerogatives, Civil Society, and Liberalization: The Paradoxes of the Late Twentieth Century in the Third World

Ethics and International Affairs

Volumn 11, Issue , 1997, Pages 233-251

  Monshipouri, Mahmood ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84933482762     PISSN: 08926794     EISSN: 17477093     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-7093.1997.tb00030.x     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Some of the themes and discussions presented here are further elaborated in my book, Democratization, Liberalization, and Human Rights in the Third World (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995). I wish to thank Donald Rothchild, Peter Koper, Steve Barr, and Patrick Furlong for sharing their thoughts with me on the subject.
2. Benjamin R. Barber, “Jihad vs. McWorld,” Atlantic, March 1992, 53–55, 58–63.
3. See also Leszek Kolakowski, “Uncertainties of a Democratic Age,” in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), 321–24.
4. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).
5. Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1995), 88.
6. The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, 143.
7. The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, 173.
8. The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict, and the International System, 184.
9. See Rotimi T. Suberu, “The Travails of Federalism in Nigeria,”
10. Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr., “India: The Dilemmas of Diversity,” in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994), 56–70 and 71–85, respectively
11. Ted Robert Gurr, Minorities At Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts (Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace, 1993), 138.
12. Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament, 195.
13. Dankwart A. Rustow, “Transition to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model,” Comparative Politics 2 (April 1970), 337–63; at 361.
14. This emphasis on willingness to subscribe to democratic rules is also stressed in Rustow's recent essay, “Democracy: A Global Revolution?” Foreign Affairs 69 (Fall 1990), 75–91.
15. Waterbury draws on the works of Rustow, “Transition to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model,” 337–63
16. Rustow, “How Does a Democracy Come into Existence?” in P. G. Lewis and D. C. Potter, eds., The Practice of Comparative Politics (Harlow: Longman Publishers, 1973), 117–32
17. Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
18. John Waterbury, “Democracy Without Democrats? The Potential for Political Liberalization in the Middle East,” in Ghassan Salami, ed., Democracy Without Democrats? The Renewal of Politics in the Muslim World (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 23–47.
19. John L. Esposito and John O. Voll, Islam and Democracy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 78–101.
20. Demetrios A. Theophylactou, Security, Identity and Nation Building: Cyprus and the European Union in Perspective (Brookfield VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1995), 6.
21. David Pool, “The Link between Economic and Political Liberalization,” in Tim Niblock and Emma Murphy, eds., Economic and Political Liberalization in the Middle East (London: British Academic Press, 1993), 40–54; at 49.
22. Economic and Political Liberalization in the Middle East, 49–50.
23. World Bank, World Development Report 1991: The Challenge of Development (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 115.
24. Quoted in Donald K. Emmerson, “Capitalism, Democracy, and the World Bank: What Is to Be Done?” in Lual Deng, Markus Kostner, and Crawford Young, eds., Democratization and Structural Adjustment in Africa in the 1990s (Madison WI: African Studies Program, 1991), 9–12; at 12.
25. Deng, Kostner, and Young, “Political and Economic Liberalization in Africa in the 1990s: Concluding Interrogations,” in Democratization and Structural Adjustment in Africa in the 1990s, 213–15.
26. Donald Rothchild and John Ravenhill, “Retreat from Globalism: U.S. Policy Toward Africa in the 1990s,” in Kenneth A. Oye, Robert J. Lieber, and Donald Rothchild, eds., Eagle in a New World: American Grand Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era (New York: Harper Collins, 1992), 389–415; at 412.
27. John Weeks, “Credit Where Discredit is Due,” in Robert J. Griffiths, ed., Developing World 95/96 (Guilford CT: Dushkin Publishing Group, 1995), 46–49.
28. Earnest Harsch, “Structural Adjustment and Africa's Democracy Movements,” Africa Today 40 (1993), 7–29.
29. Kidane Mengisteab and B. Ikubolajeh Logan, eds., Beyond Economic Liberalization in Africa: Structural Adjustment and the Alternatives (London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1995), 147.
30. Beyond Economic Liberalization in Africa: Structural Adjustment and the Alternatives.
31. Michael J. Francis, “A Response to Rethinking Development,” Developing World 95/96, 38–40.
32. Michael Roth, “Structural Adjustment in Perspective: Challenges for Africa in the 1990s,” in Deng, Kostner, and Young, Democratization and Structural Adjustment in Africa in the 1990s, 31–39.
33. For more information on this subject, see Kelly Kate Pease and David P. Forsythe, “Human Rights, Humanitarian Intervention, and World Politics,” Human Rights Quarterly 15 (May 1993), 290–314.
34. Louis Henkin, “Law and Politics in International Relations: State and Human Values,” Journal of International Affairs 44 (Spring/Summer 1990), 183–208.
35. Morton Halperin, “Guaranteeing Democracy,” Foreign Policy (Summer 1993), 105–22.
36. Lori Fisler Damrosch, “Politics across Borders: Nonintervention and Nonforcible Influence over Domestic Affairs,” American Journal of International Law 83 (January 1989), 1–50.
37. Francis M. Deng, Sadikiel Kimaro, Terrence Lyons, Donald Rothchild, and I. William Zartman, Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa (Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 1996), 27–28.
38. Damrosch, “Politics across Borders,” 37.
39. Fernando R. Teson, Humanitarian Intervention: An Inquiry into Law and Morality (New York: Transnational, 1988), 244–47.
40. Christopher Greenwood, “Is There a Right of Humanitarian Intervention?” World Today 49 (February 1993), 34–40.
41. Richard N. Haass, Intervention: The Use of American Military Force in the Post-Cold War World (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994).
42. Christopher C. Joyner, “The Reality and Relevance of International Law in the Post-Cold War Era,” in Charles W. Kegley, Jr., and Eugene R. Wittkopf, eds., The Global Agenda: Issues and Perspectives (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995), 211–24.
43. Diamond and Planner, eds., Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Democracy, xv.
44. David P. Forsythe, “Human Rights in a Post-Cold War World,” in Steven L. Spiegal and David J. Pervin, eds., At Issue: Politics in the World Arena, 7th ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 417–30.
45. David P. Forsythe, The Internationalization of Human Rights (Lexington MA: Lexington Books, 1991), 184–85.
46. Jack Donnelly, “Human Rights in the New World Order,” in Kegley and Wittkopt, eds., The Global Agenda: Issues and Perspectives, 190–99; see 196–97.
47. Charles Hauss, Comparative Politics: Domestic Responses to Global Challenges (New York: West Publishing Company, 1997), 188.
48. Forsythe, The Internationalization of Human Rights, 185.
49. For a distinction between positive and negative sovereignty, see Robert H. Jackson, Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990). Jackson uses these terms in a different context than what is attempted in this paper.
50. Augustus Richard Norton, ed., Civil Society in the Middle East, vol. 1 (New York: E. J. Brill, 1995), 1–25.
51. Michael Bratton, “Beyond the State: Civil Society and Associational Life in Africa,” World Politics 41 (April 1989), 404–30; at 411–12.
52. World Politics, 412.
53. John D. Holm, Patrick P. Molutsi, and Gloria Somolekae, “The Development of Civil Society in a Democratic State: The Botswana Model,” African Studies Review 39 (September 1996), 43–69.
54. Henri Barkey, “Can the Middle East Compete?” in Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, eds., Economic Reform and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 167–81.
55. For further information on such a view see, for example, John L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
56. Farhad Kazemi and Augustus Richard Norton, “Civil Society and Political Reform in the Middle East,” in Jillian Schwedler, ed., Toward Civil Society in the Middle East? A Primer (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1995), 85–87.
57. Michael Bratton, “Beyond the State,” 428–29.
58. Alan Richards, “Economic Imperatives and Political Systems,” Middle East Journal 41 (Spring 1993), 217–27.
59. Augustus Richard Norton, Civil Society in the Middle East, 9.