The Precarious Socio-Economic Position of Women in Rural Africa: The Case of the Kaguru of Tanzania

African Studies Review

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 35-58

  Meeker, Jeffrey ^a   Meekers, Dominique ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84933482335     PISSN: 00020206     EISSN: 15552462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/525032     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Asayehgn, Desta. 1979. The Role of Women in Tanzania: Their Access to Higher Education and Participation in the Labor Force. Paris: International Institute for Educational Planning.
2. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1972a. “The Kaguru House”, Anthropos. 67: 690–707.
3. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1972b. “The Kaguru of Central Tanzania,” in Molnos, Angela (ed.) Cultural Source Materials for Population Planning in East Africa, Volume 2: Innovations and Communication. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, pp. 237–42.
4. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1973. “The Kaguru of Central Tanzania,” in Molnos, Angela (ed.) Cultural Source Materials for Population Planning in East Africa, Volume 3: Beliefs and Practices. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, pp. 262–73.
5. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1980. “Women and Men in Two East African Societies,” in Karp, Ivan and Bird, Charles (eds.) Explorations in African Systems of Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 143–64.
6. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1983. The Kaguru, a Matrilineal People of East Africa. Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
7. Beidelman, Thomas O. 1986. Moral Imagination in Kaguru Modes of Thought. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
8. Beneria, Lourdes. 1981. “Conceptualizing the Labor Force: The Underestimation of Women's Economic Activities,” in Nelson, Nici (ed.) African Women and the Development Process. London: Frank Cass and Company, pp. 10–28.
9. Bledsoe, Caroline. 1976. “Women's Marital Strategies among the Kpelle of Liberia,” Journal of Anthropological Research. 32: 372–89.
10. Bledsoe, Caroline. 1980. Women and Marriage in Kpelle Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
11. Boserup, Ester. 1970. Woman's Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin's Press.
12. Boserup, Ester. 1985. “Economic and Demographic Interrelationships in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Population and Development Review. 11(3):383–97.
13. Bryceson, Deborah Fahy. 1994. “Easing Rural Women's Working Day in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Development Policy Review. 12: 59–68.
14. Bryceson, Deborah Fahy, and Mbiliniyi, Marjorie. 1980. “The Changing Role of Tanzanian Women in Production,” Jipemoyo: Development and Culture Research (2): 85–116.
15. Bryson, Judy C. 1981. “Women and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Development (An Exploratory Study),” in Nelson, Nici (ed.) African Women and the Development Process. London: Frank Cass and Company, pp. 29–46.
16. Bujra, Janet. 1990. “Taxing Development in Tanzania: Why Must Women Pay?” Review of African Political Economy. 47: 44–63.
17. Caplan, Pat. 1981. “Development Policies in Tanzania-Some Implications for Women,” in Nelson, Nici (ed.) African Women and the Development Process. London: Frank Cass and Company, pp. 98–108.
18. Chijumba, B. J. 1985. “Husband's Attitudes Towards Wives' Employment,” Tanzania Notes and Records. 92/93: 37–44.
19. Daddieh, C.K. 1989. “Production and Reproduction: Women and Agricultural Resurgence in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Parpart, J. (ed.) Women and Development in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 165–93.
20. DeLartcey, Virginia. 1981. “Wage Earner and Mother: Compatibility of Roles on a Cameroun Plantation,” in Ware, Helen (ed.) Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa. Changing African Family Project Series, 7. Canberra: Australian National University Press, pp. 1–21.
21. Dinan, Carmel. 1983. “Sugar Daddies and Gold-Diggers: The White-Collar Single Women in Accra,” in Oppong, Christine (ed.) Female and Male in West Africa. London: Allen and Unwin, pp. 344–66.
22. Dolphyne, Florence Aben. 1991. The Emancipation of Women: An African Perspective. Accra, Ghana: Ghana University Press.
23. Due, Jean M. and Gladwin, Christina H. 1991. “Impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs on African Women Farmers and Female-Headed Households,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 73(5):1431–39.
24. Fortmann, Louise. 1982. “Women's Work in a Communal Setting: The Tanzanian Policy of Ujamaa,” in Bay, E. (ed.) Women and Work in Africa. Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 191–206.
25. Gittinger, Price. 1990. Household Food Security and the Role of Women. World Bank Discussion Papers 96. Washington D. C.: The World Bank.
26. Gladwin, Christina, Staudt, Kathleen, and McMillan, Delia. 1984. “Reaffirming the Agricultural Role of African Women: One Solution to the Food Crisis,” Paper presented at the Fifth General Conference on Food Security, Association of Faculties of Agriculture in Africa, held in Manzini, Swaziland, 4 22-28, 1984.
27. Goody, Jack. 1976. Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Gordon, April A. 1992. “Women and Development,” in Gordon, April A. and Gordon, Donald L. (eds.) Understanding Contemporary Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 201–22.
29. Hafkin, Nancy and Bay, Edna. 1976. “Introduction,” in Hafkin, N. and Bay, E. (eds.) Women in Africa: Studies in Social and Economic Change. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp. 6–11.
30. Hakansson, Thomas N. 1994. “The Detachability of Women: Gender and Kinship in Processes of Socioeconomic Change among the Gusii of Kenya,” American Ethnologist. 21(3):516–38.
31. Hyde, Karen. 1989. Improving Women's Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature. Washington D. C.: The World Bank.
32. International Labour Office. 1984. Rural Development and Women in Africa. Geneva: International Labour Office.
33. Kabadaki, Kyama. 1994. “Rural African Women and Development,” Social Development Issues. 16(2):23–35.
34. Karanja, Wambui. 1981. “Women and Work: A Study of Female and Male Attitudes in the Modern Sector of an African Metropolis,” in Ware, Helen (ed.) Women, Education and Modernization of the Family in West Africa. Changing African Family Project Series, 7. Canberra: Australian National University Press, pp. 42–66.
35. Komenan, André G. 1987. World Education Indicators. An Annex to Improving the Efficiency of Education in Developing Countries. Washington D. C.: World Bank.
36. Kurwijila, Rosebud and Due, Jean M. 1991. “Credit for Women's Income Generation. A Tanzanian Case Study,” Canadian Journal of African Studies. 25(1):90–103.
37. Little, Kenneth. 1973. African Women in Towns. An Aspect of Africa's Social Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
38. Lockwood, Matthew. 1993. “Marriage, Family Structure and Women's Economic Opportunities in Coastal Tanzania,” Paper presented at the IUSSP Seminar on Women and Demographic Change in sub-Saharan Africa, held March 3-6, 1993, in Dakar, Senegal.
39. MacGaffey, Janet. 1988. “Evading Male Control: Women in the Second Economy in Zaire,” in Stichter, S. and Parpart, J. (eds.) Patriarchy and Class: African Women in the Home and the Workforce. Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 161–76.
40. Mbiliniyi, Marjorie. 1989. “Women as Peasant and Casual Labor and the Development Crisis in Tanzania,” in Parpart, J. (ed.) Women and Development in Africa. Comparative Perspectives. New York: University Press of America, pp. 209–56.
41. Mbiliniyi, Marjorie. 1991. Big Slavery: Agribusiness and the Crisis in Women's Employment in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.
42. Mbiliniyi, Marjorie. 1992. “Research Methodologies in Gender Issues,” in Meena, R. (ed.) Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Harare: Sapes Books, pp. 31–70.
43. Meekers, Dominique. 1994. “Education and Adolescent Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa,” International Review of Modern Sociology. 24(1):1–43.
44. Meekers, Dominique and Franklin, Nadra. 1995. “Women's Views of Polygyny among the Kaguru of Tanzania,” Ethnology. 34(4):315–29.
45. Meekers, Dominique, Franklin, Nadra, and Meeker, Jeffrey. 1994. “Conflict of Interest: Gender Relations among the Kaguru of Tanzania,” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Miami, 5 5-7, 1994.
46. Meena, Ruth. 1992. “Gender Research/Studies in Southern Africa: An Overview,” in Meena, R. (ed.) Gender in Southern Africa: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues. Harare: Sapes Books, pp. 1–30.
47. Mlama, Penina. 1990. Tanzanian Traditional Theatre as A Pedagogical Institution: the Kaguru as a Case Study. Ph.D. Diss. Dar es Salaam: University of Dar es Salaam.
48. National Research Council. 1993. Demographic Effects of Economic Reversals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington D. C.: National Academy Press.
49. Nelson, Nici. 1981. “Introduction,” in Nelson, Nici (ed.) African Women and the Development Process. London: Frank Cass and Company, pp. 1–9.
50. Oppong, Christine. 1988. “Les Femmes Africaines: des Épouses, des Mères et des Travailleuses,” in Tabutin, Dominique (ed.) Population et Societés en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. Paris: L'Harmattan, pp. 421–40.
51. Pala, Achola O. 1976. African Women in Rural Development: Research Trends and Priorities. Overseas Liaison Committee Paper 12. Washington D. C.: American Council on Education.
52. Parkin, David. 1978. The Cultural Definition of Political Response. New York: Academic Press.
53. Potash, Betty. 1989. “Gender Relations in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Morgan, Sondra (ed.) Gender and Anthropology: Critical Reviews for Teaching and Research. Washington D. C.: American Anthropological Association, pp. 189–227.
54. Russell, Margo. 1984. “Closer Focus: A Plea for More Small-Scale Face to Face Interviewing in Contemporary African Social Research,” Paper presented at the ARPT/CIMMYT Workshop on the Role of Rural Sociology in Farming Systems Research and Technological Generations, held in Lusaka, Zambia, 27-20 11 1984.
55. Sender, John and Smith, Sheila. 1990. Poverty, Class, and Gender in Rural Africa. A Tanzanian Case Study. New York: Routledge.
56. Smith, Sheila and Sender, J.B. 1990. “Poverty, Gender, and Wage Labor in Rural Tanzania,” Economic and Political Weekly (6 16-23): 1334–42.
57. Staudt, K. 1988. “Women Farmers in Africa: Research and Institutional Action, 1973-1987,” Canadian Journal of African Studies. 22(3):567–82.
58. Tanzania Gender Networking Programme. 1993. Gender Profile of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Gender Networking Programme.
59. United Nations. 1992. Seminar on Women in Extreme Poverty: Integration of Women's Concerns in National Development Planning. Report [Unedited]. Vienna, 9-12 11 1992. United Nations Office at Vienna Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs Division for the Advancement of Women. SWEP/1992/1
60. United Republic of Tanzania. 1988. Tanzania Sensa 1988. 1988 Population Census: Preliminary Report. Dar es Salaam: Bureau of Statistics.
61. van de Walle, Etienne, Kamuzora, Chris, Meekers, Dominique, Mlama, Penina, and Franklin, Nadra. 1993. The Life Histories of Kaguru Women. Unpublished manuscript.
62. Weil, Gordon. 1992. “Caught in the Crisis: Women in the Economies of Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Kahne, Hilda and Giele, Janet Z. (eds.) Women's Work and Women's Lives. The Continuing Struggle Worldwide. Boulder: Westview Press, pp. 47–68.
63. Whitehead, Ann. 1994. “Wives and Mothers: Female Farmers in Africa, in Adepoju, Aderanti and Oppong, Christine (eds.) Gender, Work and Population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Geneva: International Labour Office, pp. 35–53.
64. Wieringa, Saskia. 1994. “Women's Interests and Empowerment: Gender Planning Reconsidered,” Development and Change. 25: 829–48.
65. Wilk, Richard R. 1989. The Household Economy. Reconsidering the Domestic Mode of Production. Boulder: Westview Press.
66. Wilson, Tamar Diana. 1990. “Women's Economic Contributions in the Peasant Economy: A Critique of Development Paradigms,” Anthropology U.C.L.A. 17(1):26–40.
67. Winter, Edward H. and Beidelman, T. O. 1972. “Tanganyika: A Study of an African Society at National and Local Levels,” in Steward, Julian H. (ed.) Three African Tribes in Transition. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 57–204.
68. World Bank. 1988. Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Policies for Adjustment, Revitalization, and Expansion. Washington D. C.: The World Bank.
69. World Bank. 1992. African Development Indicators. Washington D. C.: The World Bank.