Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages 500–1250

Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages 500-1250

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-498

  Curta, Florin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84931293056     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511815638     Document Type: Book

References (607)

1. Procopius Caesarea, Buildings IV.1, ed. by J. Haury with English translation by H. B. Dewing (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1940), p. 229.
2. W. Bowden, “A new urban èlite? Church builders and church building in late-antique Epirus, ” in Recent Research in Late Antique Urbanism, ed. by L. Lavan (Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2001), pp. 57–68.
3. Procopius Caesarea, Buildings 4.1, p. 229.
4. Agathias, Histories 5.II, ed. by R. Keydell (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1967), p. 300.
5. Theophylact Simocatta, History VI.1.4, ed. by C. de Boor and P. Wirth (Stuttgart: Teubner, 1972); English translation by Mary Whitby and Michael Whitby (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 158.
6. I. Popovic, “Les particularit´es de l’outillage protobyzantin dans les Balkans du Nord, ” Starinar, vols. 45–46 (1994-1995), pp. 67–75.
7. D. Feissel, “L’architecte Viktôrinos et les fortifications de Justinien dans les provinces balkaniques, ” Bulletin de la Sociètè nationale des antiquaires de France1988, pp. 136–146.
8. F. Curta, “Peasants as ‘makeshift soldiers for the occasion’: sixth-century settlement patterns in the Balkans, ” in Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity, ed. by T. S. Burns and J. W. Eadie (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2001), pp. 199–217.
9. I. Popovic, Zlatni avarski poias iz okoline Sirmiuma [A golden Avar Belt Set from the Environs of Sirmium] (Belgrade: Narodni Muzei and Arheoloŝki Institut, 1997);
10. A. Kiss, “The treasure of a Byzantine gold belt from the Sirmium region, ”AAASH, vol. 50 (1998), pp. 251–258.
11. M. Milinkovic, “Ulpijana kod Gračanice na Kosovu i gradina na Jelici kod Čačka u svetlu akulturacionih procesa u Iliriku VI v. [Ulpiana near Gračanica in Kosovo and the fort at Jelica near Čačak in the light of the sixth-century acculturation process in Illyricum], ” in Tretja jugoslovenska konferencija vizantologa. Kruševac, 10– 13 maj 2000, ed. by L. Maksimović, N. Radošević, and E. Radulović (Belgrade: Vizantološki Institut and Kruševac: Narodni Muzej, 2002), pp. 343–360.
12. Theophylact Simocatta VII.3.1–10, pp. 182–183.
13. Procopius Caesarea, Secret History XVIII.20–21, ed. by J. Haury with English translation by H. B. Dewing (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935), pp. 219
14. K. Horedt, “Befestigte Siedlungen des 6. Jhs. u. Z. aus Siebenbürgen, ” in Siedlung, Burg und Stadt. Studien zu ihren Anfängen, ed. by K.-H. Otto and J. Herrmann (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1969), pp. 129–138
15. Moreşti. Grabungen in einer vorund frühgeschichtlichen Siedlung in Siebenbürgen (Bucharest: Kriterion, 1979).
16. Procopius Caesarea, Wars V.27.2, ed. by J. Haury with English translation by H. B. Dewing (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1914–1928), p. 253.
17. F. Curta, The Making of the Slavs. History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 297–307.
18. Menander Guardsman, History, frg. 21, ed. and transl. by R. C. Blockley (Liverpool: F. Cairns, 1985), p. 195.
19. Paul Deacon, History of the Lombards IV.40, ed. by G. Waitz (Hanover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1878), p. 168.
20. K. Gardiner, “Paul the Deacon and Secundus of Trento, ” in History and Historians in Late Antiquity, ed. by B. Croke and A. Emmett (Sydney: Pergamon Press, 1983), pp. 147–154.
21. Theophylact Simocatta, History VII.7.10 and VII.8.1, ed. by de Boor and Wirth, pp. 188–189.
22. A. Kollautz and H. Miyakawa, Geschichte und Kultur eines völkerwanderungszeitlichen Nomadenvolkes. Die Jou-jan der Mongolei und die Awaren im Mitteleuropa (Klagenfurt and Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1970);
23. W. Pohl, Die Awaren. Ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa 567–822 n. Chr. (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1988), p. 35;
24. S. Szadeczky-Kardoss, “The Avars, ” in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, ed. by D. Sinor (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 206–207.
25. T. Olajos, “La chronologie de la dynastie avare de Bäian, ” REB, vol. 34 (1976), pp. 151–158.
26. B. Gabricevic, “Question de la datation du sarcophage de l’abbesse Jeanne, ” in Disputationes Salonitanae 1970, ed. by Ž. Rapanić (Split: Museè Archeòlogique, 1975), pp. 96–101.
27. R. Noll, “Ein Ziegel als Zeugnis einer historischen Katastrophe (Zum Untergang Sirmiums 582 n. Chr.), ” Anzeiger der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 126 (1989), pp. 139–154.
28. M. Takacs, “Einige Aspekte der Siedlungsgeschichte des südlichen Drittels des Donau-Theiss-Zwischenstromlandes von der awarischen Landnahme bis zum Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts, ” AAASH, vol. 51 (1999-2000), pp. 457–472.
29. John Ephesus, Ecclesiastical History V.32, ed. by E. I. Brooks (Paris: Typographeo Reipublicae, 1935), p. 256.
30. N. I. Serikov, “Ioann Efesskii [ John of Ephesus], ” in Svod drevneishikh pis’mennykh izvestii o slavianakh, ed. by L. A. Gindin, S. A. Ivanov, and G. G. Litavrin (Moscow: Nauka, 1991), p. 288 with notes 38–39.
31. G. T. Dennis and E. Gamillscheg [Vienna: Verlag derö sterreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften, 1981, p. 194] or the night attack (9.2, pp. 306–310).
32. Samuel Szadeczky-Kardoss, “Der awarisch-türkische Einfluss auf die byzantinische Kriegskunst um 600 (Anmerkungen zum Strategikon des Maurikios), ” Studia turco-hungarica, vol. 5 (1981), pp. 63– 65.
33. Szadeczky-Kardoss, “Der awarisch-türkische Einfluss, ” pp. 66–69.
34. Theophylact Simocatta, History VII.7.5, translated by Mary Whitby and Michael Whitby, p. 188.
35. E. Chrysos, “Die Nordgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches im 6. bis 8. Jahrhundert, ” in Die Völker Südosteuropas im 6. bis 8. Jahrhundert, ed. by B. Hänsel (Berlin: Südosteuropa Gesellschaft, 1987), pp. 27–40.
36. S. Nagy, “Mečka – ein frühmittelalterliches Gräberfeld beim Dorfe Aradac, ” ? Studijné zvesti, vol. 16 (1968), pp. 165–174.
37. R. W. Thomson (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1999), pp. 80.
38. Paul Deacon, History of the Lombards IV.40, p. 168.
39. Isidore Seville, Historia Gothorum Wandalorum Sueborum, in Chronica minora, ed. by Th. Mommsen, vol. 2 (Berlin: Weidmann, 1894), p. 497.
40. M. V. Krivov, “Siriiskii ‘Smeshannyi khronikon’ [The Syriac Compilation], ” in Svod drevneishikh pis’mennykh izvestii o slavianakh, ed. by S. A. Ivanov, G. G. Litavrin, and V. K. Ronin, vol. 2 (Moscow: “Vostochnaia literatura, ” Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauk, 1995), pp. 517–518.
41. George of Pisidia, Bellum Avaricum 197–201, ed. by A. Pertusi (Ettal: Buch Kunstverlag, 1959).
42. P. Lemerle, Les plus anciens recueils des Miracles de Saint Démétrius et la pénétration des Slaves dans les Balkans. II: Commentaire (Paris: CNRS Editions, 1981), pp. 89–90.
43. J. Koder, “Anmerkungen zum Slawen-Namen in byzantinischen Quellen, ” T&M, vol. 14 (2002), pp. 333–346.
44. W. Bowden, Epirus Vetus. The Archaeology of a Late Antique Province (London: Duckworth, 2003), pp. 201–202.
45. T. L. Shear, “The Athenian Agora: excavations of 1972, ” Hesperia, vol. 42 (1973), p. 397.
46. D. M. Metcalf, “The Aegean coastlands under threat: some coins and coin hoards from the reign of Heraclius, ” ABSA, vol. 57 (1962), pp. 14–23.
47. J. D. Howard- Johnston, “The siege of Constantinople in 626, ” in Constantinople and its Hinterland. Papers from the Twenty-Seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Oxford, April 1993, ed. by C. Mango and G. Dagron (Aldershot: Variorum, 1995), pp. 131–142.
48. J. Mikkola, “Ein altslovenisches Wort in Fredegars Chronik, ” Archiv für slavische Philologie, vol. 41 (1927), p. 160.
49. O. N. Trubachev, “Sclavania am Obermain im merovingischer und karolingischer Zeit: die Sprachreste, ” in Central Europe in 8th–10th Centuries. International Scientific Conference, Bratislava October 2–4, 1995, ed. by D. C aplovic and J. Dorul’a (Bratislava: VEDA, 1997), pp. 53–55.
50. W. Fritze, Untersuchungen zur frühslawischen und frühfränkischen Geschichte bis ins 7. Jahrhundert (Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, and Bern: Peter Lang, 1994), p. 279
51. S. Szàdeczky-Kardoss, “Vernachlässigte Quellenangaben zur Geschichte des ersten awarischen Khaganates, ” in Varia Eurasiatica. Festschrift für Professor Andras rona-Tas (Szeged: Department of Altaic Studies, 1991), p. 181.
52. M. Eggers, “Samo, ‘der erste K¨onig der Slawen’. Eine kritische Forschungsbericht, ” Bohemia, vol. 42 (2001), pp. 62–83.
53. John Nikiu, ed. by H. Zotenberg with English translation by R. H. Charles (London: William and Norgate, 1916; reprinted Amsterdam: APA-Philo Press, 1987), p. 196.
54. V. Beshevliev, “Zur Chronik des Johannes von Nikiu CXX 46–49, ” Byzantinobulgarica, vol. 5 (1978), pp. 229–236.
55. H. Lauterbach, “Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte der Protobulgaren nach einem Bericht bei Teofanes, ” in Die Araber in der alten Welt, ed. by F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, vol. i (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1967), pp. 543–544.
56. A. Rona-Tas, “Where was Khuvrat’s Bulgharia?, ” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 53 (2000), pp. 1–22.
57. A. T. Smilenko, Glodos’ki skarbi [The Hlodosy Hoard] (Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1965).
58. E. H. Tóth and A. Horvàth, Kunbàbony. Das Grab eines Awarenkhagans (Kécskemét: Museumdirektion der Selbstverwaltung des Komitats Bàcs-Kiskun, 1992).
59. G. F. Chebotarenko and L. V. Subbotin, “Issledovaniia Troianovykh Valov v Dnestrovsko-Dunaiskom mezhdurech’e [The excavation of Trajan’s Dikes in the region between the Dniester and the Danube], ” in Drevnosti Iugo-Zapada SSSR, ed. by P. P. Byrnia (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1991), pp. 124–145.
60. F. Curta, “Invasion or inflation? Sixth- to seventh-century Byzantine coin hoards in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, ” Annali dell’Istituto Italiano di Numismatica, vol. 43 (1996), pp. 109–116.
61. E. Oberländer-TÂrnoveanu, “La monnaie byzantine des IVe–VIIIe siècles au-del`a de la frontière du Bas-Danube. Entre politique, économie et diffusion culturelle, ” H&M, vol. 17 (2002), pp. 176–177.
62. B. Mitrea, “Un trésor du VIIe siècle découvert á Priseaca en Valachie, ” in Actes du XIVe Congrès international des études byzantines, Bucarest, 6–12 septembre 1971, ed. by M. Berza and E. Stanescu (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste RomÂnia, 1975), pp. 212–213.
63. U. Fiedler, Studien zu Gräberfeldern des 6. bis 9. Jahrhunderts an der unteren Donau (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1992), pp. 319–320.
64. V. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarische Periode der bulgarischen Geschichte (Amsterdam: Adolf Hakkert, 1981), p. 192.
65. M. Nystazopoulou-Pelekidou, “Sceaux byzantins, improprement appelés protobulgares, ” Byzantiaka, vol. 11 (1991), pp. 17–18.
66. K. Miiatev, “Madarskiiat konnik [The Madara Horseman], ” Izvestiia na Balgarskiia arkheologicheski institut, vol. 5 (1928–1929), pp. 90–126.
67. R. Rashev, “Madarskiiat konnik – stari i novi vaprosi [The Madara Horseman – old and new issues], ” Istoricheski pregled, vol. 54 (1998), pp. 192–204.
68. P. A. Yannopoulos, “Le r Ôle des Bulgares dans la guerre arabo-byzantine de 717/718, ” VV, vol. 55 (1994), pp. 133–153.
69. O. Pritsak, Die bulgarische Fürstenliste und die Sprache der Protobulgaren (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1955).
70. T. Smiadovski, “Krumesis ot Madarskata skala i Kormison ot Imennika edno i sAshto lice li sa? [Were Krumesis of the Madara inscription and Kormison of the List of Princes one and the same person?], ” Vekove, no. 10 (1981), pp. 29–35.
71. S. Vryonis, “St. Ioannicus the Great (754–846) and the ‘Slavs’ of Bithynia, ” Byzantion, vol. 31 (1961), pp. 245–248.
72. “Die spätawarenzeitlichen Gürtelbestandteile von Typ Vrap-Erseke aus Velino (Bez. Varna, Bulgarien), ” Germania, vol. 74 (1996), pp. 248–264.
73. Cs. Bàlint, Die Archäologie der Steppe. Steppenvölker zwischen Volga und Donau vom 6. bis zum 10. Jahrhundert (Vienna and Cologne: Böhlau, 1989), pp. 156–160.
74. A. Kiss, Zur Frage der Kontinuität bzw. Diskontinuität des awarischen Khaganats (567–796).
75. A. Kiss, “Goldfunde des Karpatenbeckens vom 5–10. Jahrhundert (Angaben zu den Vergleichsm öglichkeiten der schriftlichen und archäologischen Quellen), ” AAASH, vol. 38 (1986), p. 113.
76. G. Fülöp, “New research on finds of Avar chieftain-burial at Igar, Hungary, ” in From the Baltic to the Black Sea. Studies in Medieval Archaeology, ed. by D. Austin and L. Alcock (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), pp. 138–146.
77. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 49, p. 229.
78. A. G. C. Savvides, “Morea and Islam, 8th–15th centuries: a survey, ” Journal of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 2 (1990), pp. 48–49.
79. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 49, pp. 230–231.
80. N. Oikonomides, “St Andrew, Joseph the Hymnographer, and the Slavs of Patras, ” Studies Presented to Lennart Rydén on His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, ed. by J. O. Rosenqvist (Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell International, 1996), pp. 71–78.
81. Deacon, Life of St. Gregory the Decapolite, ed. by F. Dvornik (Paris: Champion, 1926), pp. 61–62
82. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 49, pp. 230–231.
83. I. Duichev, Cronaca di Monemvasia (Palermo: Istituto Siciliano di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 1976).
84. H. Kalligas, Byzantine Monemvasia. The Sources (Monemvasia: Akroneon, 1990), pp. 7–11
85. S. Turlej, “The so-called Chronicle of Monemvasia. A historical analysis, ” Byzantion, vol. 68 (1998), pp. 446–468
86. E. Kislinger, Regionalgeschichte als Quellenproblem. Die Chronik von Monembasia und das sizilianische Demenna. Eine historisch-topographische Studie (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2001).
87. L. G. Westerink, “Marginalia by Arethas in Moskow Greek Ms. 231, ” Byzantion, vol. 42 (1972), pp. 241–242.
88. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 50, pp. 232–233.
89. H. Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen zwischen der Balkanhalbinsel und Kleinasien vom Ende des 6. bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1993), p. 262.
90. N. Zikos, “Molybdoboulla tou Byzantinou Mouseiou Athenon [Leaden seals from the Byzantine Museum in Athens], ” Arkhaiologikon Deltion, vol. 32 (1977), pp. 86–87.
91. Deacon, Life of St. Gregory the Decapolite, p. 55
92. M. McCormick, The Origins of the European Economy. Communications and Commerce, ad 300–900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 531–537.
93. N. D. Kontogiannis, “A fragment of a Chinese marbled ware bowl from Methoni, Greece, ” Bizantinistica. Rivista di studi bizantinieslavi, vol. 4 (2002), pp. 39–46.
94. G. D. R. Sanders, “Corinth, ” in The Economic History of Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, ed. by A. E. Laiou (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002), p. 650.
95. M. Kazanaki-Lappa, “Medieval Athens, ” in The Economic History of Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, ed. by A. E. Laiou (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002), p. 641
96. J. Herrin, “Aspects of the process of hellenization in the early Middle Ages, ” ABSA, vol. 68 (1973), p. 123.
97. M. Dunn, “Evangelism or repentance? The re-Christianisation of the Peloponnese in the ninth and tenth centuries, ” Studies in Church History, vol. 14 (1977), p. 78.
98. P. Yannopoulos, “La Grèce dans la Vie de s. Elie le Jeune et dans celle de S. Elie le Spéléote, ” Byzantion, vol. 64 (1994), pp. 198–199.
99. Dragojlović, “Dyrrachium et les évêchés, ” p. 202.
100. P. L. Vokotopoulos, He ekklesiastike architektonike eis ten dytiken sterean Hellada kai ten Epeiron (apo tou telous tou 7ou mechri tou telous tou 10ou aionos) [The Church Architecture in Northwestern Greece and in Epirus between the Late Seventh and the Late Tenth Century] (Thessaloniki: Kentron Byzantinon Ereunon, 1975), p. 183.
101. Ignatius the Deacon, Life of St. Gregory the Decapolite, pp. 54–55.
102. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De cerimoniis II.37, ed. by J. J. Reiske, vol. i (Bonn: E. Weber, 1829), pp. 634–635.
103. D. Bartoňková, L. Havlík, J. Ludvikovský, Z. Masařík, and R. Večerka, in Magnae Moraviae fontes historici, vol. 2 (Prague: Státní pedagogické nakl., 1965), p. 138
104. M. Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 1983), p. 111.
105. D. Bartoňková, L. Havlík, J. Ludvikovský, Z. Masařík, and R. Večerka, in Magnae Moraviae fontes historici, vol. 2 (Prague: Státní pedagogickénakl., 1965), pp. 60–115
106. Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, pp. 25–96.
107. F. Dvornik, Byzantine Missions among the Slavs. SS. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1970), pp. 160–193
108. A. E. Tachiaos, “Some controversial points relating to the life and activity of Cyril and Methodius, ” Cyrillomethodianum, vols. 17–18 (1993–1994), pp. 41–72.
109. Life of Constantine 4, English translation in Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 31.
110. Life of Constantine 8, English translation in Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 43.
111. Life of Constantine 10, English translation in Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 57.
112. Life of Constantine 12, English translation in Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 63.
113. Life of Constantine 8, English translation in Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 45.
114. L. Steindorff, “Wölfisches Heulen. Ein Motiv in mittelalterlichen slavischen Quellen, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 46 (1985), 40–49.
115. V. Kozlov, “Zur Besiedlungsstruktur der Nordostprovinzen des ersten Bulgarenreiches, ” in Zwischen Byzanz und Abendland. Pliska, der östliche Balkanraum und Europa im Spiegel der Frühmittelalterarchäologie, ed. by J. Henning (Frankfurt am Main: Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 1999), pp. 71–75
116. Chebotarenko and Subbotin, “Issledovaniia Troianovykh Valov, ” pp. 124–145
117. V. Capkova, “The Freising monuments, ” in Irland und die Christenheit. Bibelstudien und Mission, ed. by P. Ni Chathain and M. Richter (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1987), pp. 461–470.
118. C. Koch, “Tetra oder Aprakos? Zur Textgattung der ältesten slavischen Evangelienübersetzung, ” Welt der Slawen, vol. 44 (1999), pp. 27–62.
119. I. C. Tarnanidis, The Slavonic Manuscripts Discovered in 1975 at St. Catherine’s Monastery on Mount Sinai (Thessaloniki: Hellenic Association for Slavic Studies, 1988).
120. H. Birnbaum, “On the eastern and western components of the earliest Slavic liturgy: the evidence of the Euchologium Sinaiticum and related texts, ” in Essays in the Area of Slavic Languages, Linguistics, and Byzantology. A Festschrift in Honor of Antonín Dostál on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday, ed. by T. G. Winner (Irvine: Charles Schlacks, Jr., 1985), pp. 25–44.
121. Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 125.
122. F. J. Thomson, “Has the Cyrillomethodian translation of the Bible survived?, ” in Thessaloniki Magna Moravia (Thessaloniki: SS. Cyril and Methodios Center for Cultural Studies, 1999), pp. 149–163
123. M. N. Tikhomirov and L. V. Milov, Zakon sudnyi liudem; kratkoi redakcii (Moscow: Nauka, 1961)
124. H. W. Dewey and A. M. Kleimola, Zakon sudnyi liudem. Court Law for the People (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 1977).
125. I. Boba, Moravia’s History Reconsidered. A Reinterpretation of Medieval Sources (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1971)
126. “The cathedral church of Sirmium and the grave of St. Methodius, ” Die slawischen Sprachen, vol. 8 (1985), pp. 5–19
127. “Die Lage von Moravien nach den mittelalterlichen Quellen aus Bayern, ” in Salzburg und die Slavenmission. Zum 1100. Todestag des hl. Methodius. Beiträge des internationalen Symposiums vom 20. bis 22. September 1985 in Salzburg, ed. by H. Dopsch (Salzburg: Gesellschaft für Salzburgische Landeskunde, 1986), pp. 59–69.
128. C. R. Bowlus, “Die geographische Lage des Mährischen Reiches anhand fränkischer Quellen, ” Bohemia, vol. 28 (1987), pp. 1–24
129. Franks, Moravians, and Magyars. The Struggle for the Middle Danube 788–907 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995).
130. M. Eggers, Das “Großmährische Reich”: Realität oder Fiktion? Eine Neuinterpretation der Quellen zur Geschichte des mittleren Donauraumes im 9. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann, 1995)
131. “The historical–geographical implications of the Cyrillo-Methodian mission among the Slavs, ” in Thessaloniki Magna Moravia (Thessaloniki: SS. Cyril and Methodios Center for Cultural Studies, 1999), pp. 65–86.
132. L. E. Havlík, “‘He megale Moravia’ und ‘hechora Moravia’, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 54 (1993), pp. 75–82
133. H. Wolfram, “Moravien–Mähren oder nicht?, ” in Svätopluk 894–1994. Materiály z konferencie organizovanej Archeologickym ústavom SAV v Nitre v spolupráci so Slovenskou historickou spoločnost’ou pri SAV. Nitra, 3.–6. október 1994, ed. by R. Marsina and A. Ruttkay (Nitra: Vydavatel’ Archeologický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1997), pp. 235–245
134. G. Birkfellner, “Methodius Archiepiscopus Superioris Moraviae oder Anmerkungen über die historischgeographische Lage Altmährens (Vorläufige Stellungnahme zu jüngsten hyperkritischen Lokalisierungsversuchen), ” in Leben und Werk der byzantinischen Slavenapostel Methodios und Kyrillos. Beiträge eines Symposions der Griechisch-deutschen Initiative Würzburg im Wasserschloß Mitwitz vom 25.–27. Juli 1985 zum Gedenken an den 1100. Todestag des hl. Methodios, ed. by E. Konstantinou (Münsterschwarzach: Vier-Türme Verlag, 1991), pp. 33–38
135. H. Birnbaum, “Where was the centre of the Moravian state?, ” in American Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists. Bratislava, August–September 1993. Literature, Linguistics, Poetics, ed. by R. A. Maguire and A. Timberlake (Columbus, Ohio: Slavica, 1993), pp. 11–24.
136. Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 125.
137. Theophylact of Ohrid, Life of St. Clement of Ohrid 16.47, ed. by N. L. Tunickij (London: Variorum reprints, 1972), p. 114.
138. Kantor, Medieval Slavic Lives, p. 121.
139. B. Dostál, Břeclav–Pohansko. Velkomoravský velmožsky dvorec [Břeclav–Pohansko. A Moravian Princely Manor] (Brno: Univerzita J. E. Purkyne, 1975)
140. J. Macháček, “Břeclav–Pohansko, ” in Europe’s Centre around ad 1000, ed. by A. Wieczorek and H.-M. Hienz (Stuttgart: Theiss, 2000), pp. 210–211
141. “Pohansko bei Břeclav – ein bedeutendes Zentrum Grossmährens, ” in Velká Morava mězi východem a západem. Sborník příspevku z mězinárodní vedecke conference. Uherské Hradište, Staré M?esto, 28.9.–1.10.1999, ed. by L. Galuška, P. Kouřil, and Z. Meřínský (Brno: Archeologicky úśtav Akadémie věd Česke Respubliky, 2001), pp. 275–290.
142. A. Tirpaková, D. Bialeková, and I. Vlkolinská, “The application of some mathematic-statistical methods in solving the possibility of exploitation of Roman measures in manufacturing of Slavic axe-shaped currency bars and pottery, ” Slovenská Archeológia, vol. 37 (1989), pp. 427–450.
143. Z. Vinski, “Zu karolingischen Schwertfunden aus Jugoslawien, ” Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, vol. 30 (1983), p. 466
144. F. Fülep, “Beiträge zur frühmittelalterlichen Geschichte von Pécs (Sopianae–Quinque basilicae–Fünfkirchen), ” AAASH, vol. 25 (1973), pp. 307–326.
145. B. M. Szöke, “The Carolingian civitas Mosapurc (Zalavár), ” in Europe’s Centre around ad 1000, ed. by A. Wieczorek and H.-M. Hinz (Stuttgart: Theiss, 2000), pp. 140–142
146. “Neue Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen in Mosaburg–Zalavár (West-Ungarn), ” in Zwischen Byzanz und Abendland. Pliska, der östliche Balkanraum und Europa im Spiegel der Frühmittelalterarchäologie, ed. by J. Henning (Frankfurt am Main: JohannWolfgang Goethe Universität, 1999), pp. 23–26.
147. N. Budak, “Die südslawischen Ethnogenesen an der östlichen Adriaküste im frühen Mittelalter, ” in Typen der Ethnogenese unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bayern, ed. by H. Wolfram and W. Pohl, vol. i (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990), p. 135.
148. H. Wolfram, “Liudewit und Priwina (ein institutioneller Vergleich), ” in Interaktionen der mitteleuropäischen Slawen und anderer Ethnika im 6.–10. Jahrhundert. Symposium Nové Vozokany 3.–7. Oktober 1983, ed. by P. Šalkovský (Nitra: Archäologisches Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1984), pp. 291–296.
149. R. Matejčić, “Istraživanje dijela starohrvatske nekropole u Velom Dolu kod Križišča o Vinodolu [Archaeological excavation of the Old Croatian cemetery at Veli Dol near Križišča in Vinodol], ” Histria Archaeologica, vol. 5 (1974), pp. 7–25
150. H. M. A. Evans, The Early Medieval Archaeology of Croatia ad 600–900 (Oxford: BAR, 1989), p. 306.
151. Bowlus, Franks, Moravians, pp. 63–69.
152. H. Grégoire, “L’origine et le nom des Croates et des Serbes, ” Byzantion, vol. 17 (1944–1945), pp. 88–118.
153. W. Pohl, “Das Awarenreich und die ‘kroatischen’ Ethnogenesen, ” in Die Bayern und ihre Nachbarn. Berichte des Symposiums der Kommission fur Fruhmittelalterforschung 25. bis 28. Oktober 1982, Stift Zwettl, Niederosterreich, ed. by H. Wolfram and A. Schwarcz, vol. i (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1985), pp. 293–298
154. Margetić, Dolazak Hrvata, pp. 200–208.
155. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 31, pp. 146–147
156. J. Stipišić, “Croatia in diplomatic sources up to the end of the 11th century, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), pp. 287 and 288–289.
157. M. Matijević-Sokol, “Latin inscriptions, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), p. 242.
158. I. Petricioli, “Sculpture from the 8th to the 11th century, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), p. 480.
159. Godescalc of Orbais, Responsa de diversis, ed. by C. Lambot (Louvain: Spicilegium sacrum Lovaniense, 1945), p. 169.
160. Namentragende Steininschriften in Jugoslawien vom Ende des 7. bis zur Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts, ed. by R. Mihaljčić, L. Steindorff, and M. Helmann (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 7, 17, and 33
161. Matijević-Sokol, “Latin inscriptions, ” pp. 242–243.
162. V. Delonga, “Natpis župana Ivana iz Uzdolja kod Knina [The inscription of zhupan John from Uzdolje near Knin], ” SP, vol. 25 (1998), pp. 7–42.
163. Evans, Early Medieval Archaeology, pp. 156–158.
164. Matijević-Sokol, “Latin inscriptions, ” pp. 240–241.
165. K. Simoni, “Skupni nalaz oruda i oružja iz Nartskih Novaka [A hoard of tools and weapons from Nartski Novak], ” Vjesnik Arheološkog Muzeja u Zagrebu, vol. 15 (1982), pp. 251–266.
166. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 29, pp. 128–129.
167. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 30, pp. 146–147.
168. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 34, pp. 163–164
169. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 30, pp. 144–145.
170. I. Bojanovski, “Ranosrednjovjekovno utvrdenje u Vrbljanima na Sani [An early medieval hillfort in Vrbljani on the Sana River], ” Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu, vol. 29 (1974), pp. 245–258
171. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 32, pp. 154–155
172. M. Popović, Tvr - dava Ras [The Fortress of Ras] (Belgrade: Arheolo ški Institut, 1999), pp. 139–161.
173. J. Shepard, “Bulgaria: the other Balkan ‘empire’, ” in The New Cambridge Medieval History, ed. by T. Reuter, vol. iii (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 567–585.
174. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 686.
175. P. Squatriti, “Moving earth and making difference: dikes and frontiers in early medieval Bulgaria, ” in Borders, Barriers and Ethnogenesis in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, ed. by F. Curta (Turnhout, 2005), p. 30.
176. V. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 137–138 and 142–143
177. Theophanes, Chronographia, p. 686.
178. I. Duichev, “Slaviano-bolgarskie drevnosti IX-go veka [Slavic–Bulgar ninth-century history], ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 11 (1950), pp. 16–17;
179. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarische Periode, p. 375.
180. R. Rashev and V. Docheva, “Iurtoobrazna postroika v Pliska [A yurt-like building in Pliska], ” Problemi na prab?algarskata istoriia i kultura, vol. 1 (1989), pp. 291–313.
181. R. Rashev, “Krannei istorii prabolgar na Nizhnem Dunae [On the early history of the Bulgars in the Lower Danube region], ” in Novoe v srednevekovoi arkheologii Evrazii, ed. by V. B. Kovalevskaia (Samara: Istoriko-kul’turnaia associaciia “Artefakt, ” 1993), pp. 185–186 and 190–191.
182. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 665.
183. I. Duichev, “La chronique byzantine de l’an 811, ” T&M, vol. 1 (1965), pp. 212–220.
184. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 679
185. J. Karayannopoulos, “Wurde Philippoi von Krum im J. 812 erobert?, ” GSU, vol. 76 (1984), pp. 217–222.
186. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 681.
187. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 683.
188. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 684.
189. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 220–229.
190. Theophanes Confessor, Chronographia, p. 686.
191. Leo Grammaticus, Chronographia, ed. by I. Bekker (Bonn: E. Weber, 1842), pp. 345–346
192. Symeon Magister, Annales, ed. by I. Bekker (Bonn: E.Weber, 1838), pp. 615–616.
193. S. Brezeanu, “‘La Bulgarie d’au-delà de l’Ister’ à la lumière des sources écrites, ” EB, vol. 20 (1984), pp. 121–135.
194. l. Astronomer, Vita Hludowici imperatoris 23, ed. by E. Tremp (Hanover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1995), pp. 352–354.
195. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 209–214.
196. E. Follieri and I. Duichev, “Un’acolutia inedita per i martiri di Bulgaria dell’anno 813, ” Byzantion, vol. 33 (1963), pp. 71–106
197. P. Schreiner, “Das Christentum in Bulgarien vor 864, ” in Das Christentum in Bulgarien und auf der übrigen Balkanhalbinsel in der Spätantike und im frühen Mittelalter, ed. by V. Giuzelev and R. Pillinger (Vienna: Verein “Freunde des Hauses Wittgenstein, ” 1987), pp. 51–57.
198. Ignatius the Deacon, Vita Nicephori, ed. by C. de Boor (Leipzig: Teubner, 1880), p. 207
199. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarische Periode, pp. 377–380.
200. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 190–206.
201. W. Treadgold, “The Bulgars’ treaty with the Byzantines in 816, ” Rivista di studi bizantini e slavi, vols. 4–5 (1985), pp. 213–220.
202. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, p. 261
203. V. Beshevliev, “Nachrichten über den Aufstand Thomas des Slawen aus protobulgarischen Inschriften, ” Byzantina, vol. 8 (1976), pp. 339–342
204. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 281–285.
205. V. Giuzelev, “Bulgarisch-fränkische Beziehungen in der ersten Hälfte des IX. Jh, ” Byzantinobulgarica, vol. 2 (1966), pp. 25–26.
206. I. Boba, “‘Abodriti quae vulgo Praedenecenti vocantur’ or ‘Marvani Praedenecenti’?, ” Palaeobulgarica, vol. 8 (1984), pp. 29–37.
207. J. Herrmann, “Bulgaren, Obodriten, Franken und der bayrische Geograph, ” in Sbornik v chest na akad. Dimit?ar Angelov, ed. by V. Velkov, Zh. Aladzhov, G. Bakalov, et al. (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na B?algarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1994), pp. 41–46.
208. Bowlus, Franks, Moravians, pp. 95–97.
209. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 285–287
210. P. Georgiev, “Golemiiat ezicheski khram v Pliska [The Great Pagan Temple in Pliska], ” Problemi na prab?algarskata istoriia i kultura, vol. 1 (1989), pp. 338–354.
211. S. Boiadzhiev, “Arkhitekturata na prab?algarskite khramove [The architecture of the Bulgar temples], ” Problemi na prab?algarskata istoriia i kultura, vol. 1 (1989), pp. 314–327.
212. R. Rashev and S. Stanilov, “Kenotaf f ür einem Herrscher bei der ersten bulgarischen Hauptstadt Pliska, ” Das Altertum, vol. 44 (1998), pp. 67–72.
213. Fiedler, Studien, p. 270.
214. M. Comşa, “Die Forschungen von Slon und ihre Bedeutung für das Studium der Entwicklung der Feudalbeziehungen s üdlich der Karpaten, ” in Siedlung, Burg und Stadt. Studien zu ihren Anfängen, ed. by K.-H. Otto and J. Herrmann (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1969), pp. 232–238
215. Z. Székely, “L’aspect de la culture matérielle des VIIIe–Xe siècles dans le sud-est de la Transylvanie, ” Mitteilungen des Archäologischen Instituts der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, vol. 1 (1972), 125–128.
216. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 247–248 and 255.
217. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 260–261.
218. S. Runciman, A History of the First Bulgarian Empire (London, G. Bell & Sons, 1930), p. 77.
219. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, p. 149.
220. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 149, 156, 260–261, and 277.
221. C. Stepanov, “The Bulgar title KANASYBIGI: reconstructing the notions of divine kingship in Bulgaria, ad 822–836, ” Early Medieval Europe, vol. 10 (2001), pp. 1–19.
222. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, p. 261
223. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 209 and 247.
224. I. Iordanov, “Ednostranni zlatni moneti-medalioni s imeto na Khan Omurtag [One-sided golden medallions with Omurtag’s name], ” Numizmatika, vol. 10 (1976), pp. 18–34
225. P. Slavchev and I. Iordanov, “Zlatni medalioni na khan Omurtag (814–831) [Golden medallions of Khan Omurtag], ” Arkheologiia, vol. 21 (1979), pp. 25–31.
226. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 285–286 and 287–288
227. F. Curta, “Iron and potlatch: early medieval hoards of implements and weapons in Eastern Europe, ” AEMA, vol. 10 (1998–1999), pp. 32–37
228. A. A. Gorsky, “On the origins of the institutions of zhupans among the Slavs, ” in Acts. XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies. Selected Papers, ed. by I. Ševčenko, G. G. Litavrin, and W. K. Hanak, vol. i (Shepherdstown, W.Va.: Byzantine Studies Press, 1996), pp. 232–241.
229. V. Giuzelev, “Allgemeine Charakteristik und Etappen der Errichtung der militärischen und administrativen Verwaltung des Ersten bulgarischen Staates (VIII. bis IX. Jh.), ” EB, vol. 14 (1978), p. 77.
230. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 156–163.
231. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 277–280.
232. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 163–174.
233. D. Cheshmedzhiev, “On the question of the localization of the Slav tribe Smoljani, ” BHR, vol. 25 (1997), pp. 89–93.
234. H. Ditten, “Herrschte 837 u.Z. Krieg oder Frieden zwischen Byzanz und Bulgarien?, ” EB, vol. 20 (1984), pp. 62–79
235. Godescalc of Orbais, De corpore et sanguine Domini, p. 325.
236. J. V. A. Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans. A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983), pp. 109–112
237. S. M. Ćirković, The Serbs (Malden, Oxford, and Carlton: Blackwell, 2004), p. 15.
238. L. Maksimović, “O vremenu pokhoda bulgarskog kneza Borisa na Srbiju [On the date of the Bulgar prince Boris’s invasion of Serbia], ” ZFF, vol. 14 (1979), pp. 69–76.
239. L. Simeonova, Diplomacy of the Letter and the Cross. Photios, Bulgaria, and the Papacy, 860s–880s (Amsterdam: Adolf Hakkert, 1998), pp. 79–80.
240. R. Vasilev, “Oloven pechat na kniaz Boris-Mikhail ot Pliska [A leaden seal of Prince Boris-Michael from Pliska], ” Numizmatika, vol. 25 (1991), pp. 3–6
241. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 328–329.
242. Photius, Epistulae et amphilochia, ed. by V. Laourdas and L. G. Westerink, vol. 1 (Leipzig: Teubner, 1983), pp. 5–15
243. D. S. White and J. Berrigan, The Patriarch and the Prince. The Letter of Patriarch Photios of Constantinople to Khan Boris of Bulgaria (Brookline: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 1982).
244. P. Odorico, “La lettre de Photius à Boris de Bulgarie, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 54 (1993), pp. 83–88
245. Simeonova, Diplomacy, pp. 112–152.
246. L. Heiser, Die Responsa ad consulta Bulgarorum des Papstes Nikolaus I. (858–867). Ein Zeugnis päpstlicher Hirtensorge und ein Dokument unterschiedlicher Entwicklungen in den Kirchen von Rom und Konstantinopel (Trier: Paulinus Verlag, 1979).
247. I. Duichev, “I Responsa di papa Nicolò I ai Bulgari neoconvertiti, ” Aevum. Rassegna di scienze storiche, linguistiche e filologiche, vol. 42 (1968), pp. 403–428.
248. Epistulae Karolini aevi, vol. 5, ed. by E. Kaspar (Berlin, 1928), pp. 7, 66–67, 70, and 182–183.
249. R. Vasilev, “Novootkrit oloven pechat na arkhiepiskop Georgi v Pliska [The recently found leaden seal of Archbishop George of Pliska], ” Numizmatika i sfragistika, vols. 1–2 (1992), pp. 26–29.
250. S. Bilik, “Molivdovul na neizvesten episkop na B?algariia ot IX vek [A leaden seal of an unknown bishop of ninth-century Bulgaria], ” Problemi na prab?algarskata istoriia i kultura, vol. 3 (1997), 363–366.
251. L. Doncheva, “Une croix pectorale-reliquaire en or récemment trouvée à Pliska, ” CA, vol. 25 (1976), pp. 59–66.
252. V. Giuzelev, “Zhitieto na Vlasii Amoriiski kato izvor za b?algarskata istoriia [The Life of St. Basil of Amorion as a source for the Bulgarian history], ” GSU, vol. 61 (1968), pp. 19–33
253. Theophylact of Ohrid, Life of St. Clement of Ohrid 16, p. 114.
254. Theophylact of Ohrid, Life of St. Clement of Ohrid 53 and 54, pp. 116–118
255. fromD. Obolensky, Six Byzantine Portraits (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 22.
256. Clement of Ohrid, A Eulogy to Saint Cyril, English translation in T. Butler, Monumenta Bulgarica. A Bilingual Anthology of Bulgarian Texts from the 9th to the 19th Centuries (Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications, 1996), p. 93.
257. Annals of Fulda, s.a. 892, pp. 121–122.
258. V. Spinei, Ultimele valuri migratoare la nordul Mării Negre şi al Dunării de Jos [The Last Migrations to the Region North of the Black Sea and the Lower Danube] (Iaşi: Helios, 1996).
259. O. Pritsak, “The Pechenegs: a case of social and economic transformation, ” AEMA, vol. 1 (1975), p. 217.
260. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 6, pp. 52–53.
261. E. Malamut, “L’image byzantine des Petchénègues, ” BZ, vol. 88 (1995), pp. 109–112.
262. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 37, pp. 170–171.
263. J. Marquart, Osteuropäische und ostasiatische Streifzüge. Ethnologische und historisch-topographische Studien zur Geschichte des 9. und 10. Jahrhunderts (ca. 840–940) (Leipzig: Dieterich’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1903; reprint Hildesheim: Georg Olm, 1961), p. 65.
264. Bruno of Querfurt, Letter to King Henry, ed. by A. Bielowski, in Monumenta Poloniae historica, vol. i Cracow: Naklad Akademii Umejetnósci, 1864;
265. K. H. Menges, “Etymological notes on some Päčänäg names, ” Byzantion 7 (1944-1945), pp. 256–280.
266. I. Conea and I. Donat, “Contributions à la toponymie petchénègue-coumane de la Plaine Roumaine du Bas-Danube, ” in Contributions onomastiques publiées à l’occasion du VIe Congrès international des sciences onomastiques à Munich du 24 au 28 aôut 1958, ed. by E. Petrovici (Bucharest: Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine, 1958), pp. 139–169.
267. V. Leahu and G. Trohani, “Două morminte de călăreţi nomazi din Cˆimpia Teleormanului [Two nomadic horseman burials in the Teleorman Plain], ” SCIVA, vol. 29 (1978), pp. 529–539.
268. E. S. Stoliarik, Essays on Monetary Circulation in the North-Western Black Sea Region in the Late Roman and Byzantine Periods (Late 3rd Century–Early 13th Century ad) (Odessa: Polis, 1992), pp. 143–144.
269. Povest’ vremennykh let, ed. by D. S. Likhachev and V. P. Adrianova-Perec (Moscow and Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1950), p. 14;
270. A. V. Boldur, “The enigma of the Ulichy-Tivertsy people, ” BS, vol. 9 (1968), pp. 55–90.
271. A. A. Nudel’man, Topografiia kladov i nakhodok edinichnykh monet [The Distribution of Hoard and Individual Coin Finds] (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1976), pp. 89–90.
272. D. Gh. Teodor, “Tezaurul de la Răducaneni-Iaşi [The Răducăneni hoard], ” SCIVA, vol. 31 (1980), pp. 403–423.
273. R. K. Kovalev, “Dirham mint output of Samanid Samarqand and its connection to the beginnings of trade with northern Europe, ” H&M, vol. 17 (2002), pp. 197–216.
274. G. B. Fedorov, G. F. Chebotarenko, and M. S. Velikanova, Braneshtskii mogil’nik. X–XI vv. [The Tenth- to Eleventh-Century Cemetery in Brăneşti] (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1984).
275. R. A. Rabinovich and V. D. Gukin, “Rezul’taty razkopok na poselenii Braneshti XIII i nekotorye spornye voprosy izucheniia pamiatnikov tipa Petrukha-Lukashevka [The results of excavations on the Brăneşti 13 settlement site and some issues concerning the study of sites of the Petruha-Lukashovka type], ” in Drevnosti Iugo-Zapada SSSR, ed. by P. P. Byrnia, V. A. Dergachev, R. A. Rabinovich, et al. (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1991), pp. 205–224.
276. I. G. Hâncu, Kapraria – pamiatniki kul’tury X–XII vv. [Căprăria. Monuments of the Tenth- to Twelfth-Century Culture] (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1972).
277. J. Martin, Medieval Russia, 980–1584 (Cambridge: Cambridge Unviversity Press, 1995), pp. 17–19.
278. J. Shepard, “The Russian steppe-frontier and the Black Sea zone, ” Archeion Pontou, vol. 35 (1978), pp. 218–237.
279. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 8, pp. 56–57.
280. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 239.
281. L. Varady, “Revision der Ungarn-Image von Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos, ” BZ, vol. 82 (1989), pp. 36–38.
282. I. Báan, “The metropolitanate of Tourkia. The organization of the Byzantine church in Hungary in the Middle Ages, ” in Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa, 50–1453.
283. L. S. Tóth, “The territories of the Hungarian tribal federation around 950 (some observations on Constantine VII’s ‘Tourkia’), ” in Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa, 950–1453. Beiträge zu einer table-ronde des XIX Internationalen Congress of Byzantine Studies, Copenhagen 1996, ed. by G. Prinzing and M. Salamon (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1999), pp. 23–33.
284. R. L. Veselinovíc, “Starosrpsko naselie na Bostanishtu kod Moshorina u Bachkoj (Prilog istoriji materijalne kulture Juzhnikh Slovena X–XII veka) [The Old Serbian population of Bostanište near Mošorin in Bačka (Contribution to the material culture history of the South Slavs during the tenth to twelfth centuries)], ” RVM, vol. 2 (1953), 5–58.
285. P. Wellenreiter, “Starosrpsko groblje iz X–XII veka kod Bostanishta vlizu Moshorina u Bachkoj [Old Serbian tenth- to twelfth-century cemetery in Bostanište near Mošorin in Bačka], ” RVM, vol. 2 (1953), pp. 148–151.
286. E. Peričíc, Sclavorum Regnum Grgura Barskog. Ljetopis Popa Dukljanina [The Sclavorum Regnum by Gregory of Bar. The Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea] (Zagreb: Krščanska sadašnjost, 1991), p. 258.
287. P. Korošec, La nécropole de Ptujski grad, Ptuj (Ljubljana: Société archéologique de Yougoslavie, 1971).
288. P. Korošec, “Ungarische Elemente aus der Nekropole auf der Burg zu Ptuj, ” Arheološki vestnik, vol. 36 (1985), pp. 337–350.
289. P. Korošec, “Development of the early mediaeval Ptuj settlement, ” in Istoriia i kul’tura drevnikh i srednevekovykh slavian, ed. by V. V. Sedov (Moscow: Editorial URSS, 1999), pp. 15–19.
290. M. Sagadin, Kranj. Križišče Iskra. Nekropola iz časa preseljevanja ljudstev in staroslovanskega obdobja [Kranj, the Iskra Crossroads. A Cemetery of the Great Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages] (Ljubljana: Narodni Muzej, 1987).
291. T. Knific, “Carniola in the early Middle Ages, ” Balcanoslavica, vol. 5 (1976), pp. 111–121.
292. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 31, pp. 150–151.
293. Thomas of Spalato, Historia Salonitana, ed. by F. Rački (Zagreb: Ex officina Societatis Typographicae, 1894), p. 45.
294. L. Margetíc, “The Croatian state during the era of rulers from the Croatian national dynasty, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičíc (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), p. 204.
295. V. Jagíc, Entstehungsgeschichte der kirchenslavischen Sprache (Berlin:Weidmann, 1913), p. 246.
296. F. Smiljaníc, “Kapitul kod Knina [Kapitul near Knin], ” Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Zadru, vol. 38 (1986-1987), pp. 53–95.
297. T. Buríc, “Ranosrednjovjekovna skulptura s Kapitula kod Knina [Early medieval sculpture from Kapitul near Knin], ” Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva, vol. 15 (1992), pp. 97–121.
298. M. Suíc, “Prilog tumačenju natpisa kraljice Jelene [Contribution to the interpretation of Queen Helena’s inscription], ” SP, vol. 14 (1984), pp. 15–39.
299. F. Šišíc, “Genealoški prilozi o hrvatskoj narodnoj dinastiji [Genealogical contribution to the history of the Croat dynasty], ” Vjesnik Hrvatskoga arheološkoga društva, vol. 13 (1913-1914), pp. 1–93.
300. G. de Vergottini, “Venezia, e l’Istria nell’Alto Medioevo, ” in Storia della civiltà Veneziana, ed. By V. Branca (Florence: Sansori, 1979), p. 80.
301. P. Štih, “Der ostadriatische Raum um das Jahr 1000, ” in Europe around the Year 1000, ed. by P. Urbánczyk (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo DiG, 2001), pp. 205–208.
302. Al. H. Kazhdan, “Some questions addressed to the scholars who believe in the authenticity of Kaminiates’ ‘Capture of Thessalonica’, ” BZ, vol. 71 (1978), pp. 301–314.
303. J. D. C. Frendo, “The ‘Miracles of St. Demetrius’ and the capture of Thessaloniki. An examination of the purpose, significance and authenticity of John Kaminiates’ ‘De Expugnatione Thessalonicae’, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 58 (1997), pp. 205–224;
304. R. K. Odetallah, “Leo Tripolites–Ghulam Zurafa and the sack of Thessaloniki in 904, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 56 (1995), pp. 97–102.
305. W. A. Farag, “Some remarks on Leo of Tripoli’s attack on Thessaloniki in 904 ad, ” BZ, vol. 82 (1989), pp. 133–139.
306. Yannopoulo, “La Grèce dans la Vie de S. Elie le Jeune, ” pp. 215–216.
307. R. J. H. Jenkins, “The date of the Slav revolt in Peloponnese under Romanus I, ” in Late Classical and Mediaeval Studies in Honor of Albert Mathias Friend, Jr., ed. by Kurt Weitzmann (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955), pp. 204–211.
308. Ditten, Ethnische Verschiebungen, pp. 265–267.
309. Testament of Nikon the Metanoiete for the Church and Monastery of the Savior, the Mother of God, and St. Kyriake in Lakedaimon, English translation by A. Bandy in Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents. A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments, ed. by J. Thomas and A. C. Hero (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2000), p. 317.
310. Ch. Stavrakos, “Die Vita des hl. Nikon Metanoeite als Quelle zur Prosopographie der Peloponnes im späten 10. Jahrhundert, ” Südost-Forschungen, vol. 58 (1999), pp. 1–7.
311. J. Ferluga, Byzantium on the Balkans. Studies on the Byzantine Administration and the Southern Slavs from the VIIth to the XIIth Centuries (Amsterdam: Adolf Hakkert, 1976), pp. 227, 231–232.
312. John Kameniates, De expugnatione Thessalonicae, ed. by G. Böhlig (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1973), pp. 26–27, 491–494, 500, 561–562, 567–569, and 578–580.
313. R. A. Nasledova, “Remeslo i torgovlia Fessaloniki konca IX–nachala X v. po dannym Ioanna Kameniaty [Crafts and trade in Thessalonica in the late ninth and early tenth century, according to John Kameniates], ” VV, vol. 8 (1956), pp. 61–84.
314. F. Dölger, Ein Fall slavischer Einsiedlung im Hinterland von Thessalonike im 10. Jahrhundert (Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1952), pp. 7 and 10–13.
315. G. C. Soulis, “On the Slavic settlement in Hierissos in the tenth century, ” Byzantion, vol. 23 (1953), pp. 67–72.
316. J. Lefort, “Population et peuplement en Macédoine orientale, IXe–XVe siècle, ” in Hommes et richesses dans l’Empire byzantin, ed. by V. Kravari, J. Lefort, and C. Morrisson, vol. ii (Paris: Pierre Lethielleux, 1991), p. 69.
317. A. Harvey, “The monastic economy and imperial patronage from the tenth to the twelfth century, ” in Mount Athos and Byzantine Monasticism. Papers from the Twenty-Eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1994, ed. by A. Bryer and M. Cunningham (Aldershot and Brookfield: Variorum, 1996), p. 91.
318. G. Dennis, Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents. A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments, ed. by J. Thomas and A. C. Hero (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2000), p. 226.
319. K. Ware, “St. Athanasios the Athonite: traditionalist or innovator?, ” in Mount Athos and Byzantine Monasticism. Papers from the Twenty- Eighth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1994, ed. by A. Bryer and M. Cunningham (Aldershot and Brookfield: Variorum, 1996), pp. 4–16.
320. Radivoje Ljubinkovíc, “Iskopavanja na crkvi Svetog Petra u Bijelom Polju [Archaeological research in the Church of St. Peter near Bijelo Polje], ” in Referati i koreferati sa VII kongresa arheologa Jugoslavije. Herceg-Novi, 1966, ed. by N. Tašíc (Belgrade: Arheološko Društvo Jugoslavije, 1967), pp. 103–111.
321. G. Karaiskaj, “Qyteti shqiptar i Sardës. Origjina dhe zhvillimi i qyteti mesjetar në Shqipërinë e Veriut [The Albanian city of Sarda. The origins of the medieval city in northern Albania], ” Monumentet, vol. 33 (1987), pp. 73–83.
322. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 35, pp. 162–163.
323. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 32, pp. 156–157.
324. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 36, pp. 164–165.
325. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 32, pp. 156–157.
326. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 34, pp. 162–163.
327. Constantine Porphyrogenitus, De administrando imperio 32, pp. 158–159.
328. J. Shepard, “The ruler as instructor, pastor, and wise: Leo VI of Byzantium and Symeon of Bulgaria, ” in Alfred the Great. Papers from the Eleventh-Centenary Conferences, ed. by T. Reuter (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), p. 347.
329. Nicholas Mystikos, Letters, ed. by R. J. H. Jenkins and L. G. Westerink (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1973), pp. 176–167.
330. Beshevliev, Die protobulgarischen Inschriften, pp. 215–219.
331. P. A. Lavrov, “Les Feuillets de Zograph, ” RES, vol. 6 (1926), pp. 5–23.
332. A. M. Schenker, The Dawn of Slavic. An Introduction to Slavic Philology (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), p. 177.
333. Chernorizec Khrabăr, O pismenekh [Khrabr the Monk, On Letters], ed. by A. Giambelluca-Kossova (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1980)
334. I. Duichev, Kiril and Methodius, Founders of Slavonic Writing. A Collection of Sources and Critical Studies (Boulder and New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), pp. 157–160.
335. B. Peytscheff, “Das Werk ‘De inventione litterarum’ des Hrabanus Maurus und die altbulgarische Schrift ‘O pismenech cranoristza Hrabra’, ” Archiv für mittelrheinischen Kirchengeschichte, vol. 34 (1982), pp. 37–41.
336. T. Totev, “L’atelier de céramique peinte du monastère royal de Preslav, ” CA, vol. 35 (1987), pp. 65–80.
337. I. Akrabova-Zhandova, “Preslav inlaid ceramics, ” in Studies in Memory of David Talbot Rice, ed. by G. Robertson and G. Henderson (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1975), pp. 25–33;
338. E. C. Schwartz, “Medieval ceramic decoration in Bulgaria, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 43 (1982), 45–50.
339. R. Kostova, “Bulgarian monasteries, ninth to tenth centuries: interpreting the archaeological evidence, ” Pliska–Preslav, vol. 8 (2000), pp. 190–202;
340. Butler, Monumenta Bulgarica, p. 137.
341. D. Ovcharov, “A Cyrillic inscription of 931 in Preslav, ” BHR, vol. 4 (1976), pp. 71–75.
342. K. Popkonstantinov and O. Kronsteiner, Starobălgarski nadpisi, vol. 1 (Salzburg: Institut für Slawistik der Universität Salzburg, 1994), p. 185.
343. I. Duichev, “Mostič, un haut dignitaire bulgare du Xe siècle, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 29 (1968), pp. 281–289.
344. K. Popkonstantinov and V. Popkonstantinova, “Die Inschriften des Felsklosters Murfatlar, ” in Paleobalkanistika i starobălgaristika. Părvi esenni nacionalni cheteniia “Profesor Ivan Gălăbov, ” ed. by E. Dogramadzhieva and K. Popkonstantinov (Veliko Tărnovo: Universitetsko izdatelstvo “Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodii, ” 1995), pp. 111–134.
345. I. Bozhilov, “L’inscription du jupan Dimitre de l’an 943 (théories et faits), ” Etudes Historiques, vol. 6 (1973), pp. 11–28.
346. Ph Malingoudis, Die mittelalterlichen kyrillischen Inschriften der Hämus-Halbinsel. I. Die bulgarischen Inschriften (Thessaloniki: Association hellénique d’études slaves, 1979), pp. 39–42.
347. S. Radojčíc, “Temnički natpis. Sujeverice srednjovekovnih graditelja o čudotvornoj moci imena i likova sevastijskih mučenika [The Temnic inscription. A medieval builder’s superstitious beliefs in the powers of the name and glory of the holy martyrs], ” ZLU, vol. 5 (1969), pp. 1–11.
348. D. Stanchev, “Rannosrednovekoven nekropol do s. Batin, Rusenski okrăg [An early medieval cemetery from Batin near Ruse], ” Godishnik na Muzeite ot Severna Bălgariia, vol. 11 (1985), pp. 45–54.
349. T. Mikhailova, “Metalni grivni ot Preslav (kraia na X–XIV v.) [Late tenth- to fourteenth-century metal torcs from Preslav], ” in Prinosi kăm bălgarskata arkheologiia. Dekemvriiski dni na bălgarskata arkheologiia “Prof. dr. Stancho Vaklinov, ” ed. by D. Ovcharov and I. Shtereva, vol. 2 (Sofia: Arges, 1993), pp. 114–126.
350. T. Totev, “Srebărna chasha s nadpis ot Preslav [A silver bowl with inscription from Preslav], ” IAI, vol. 27 (1964), pp. 5–15;
351. “Za edin paralel na chashata na Sivin zhupan ot Preslav [On an analogy for the bowl of zhupan Sivin from Preslav], ” Arkheologiia, vol. 8 (1966), pp. 31–37.
352. I. Andreev, “Naryshskaia nadpis’ kniazia Simeona i administrativnoe ustroistvo bolgarskogo gosudarstva v konce IX i nachale X v. [The Narash inscription of Prince Symeon and the administrative structure of late ninth- and early tenth-century Bulgaria], ” EB, vol. 14 (1978), pp. 121–131.
353. I. Iordanov, “Pechati na Grigorii Magistăr na bălgarite prez X vek [The seals of Gregory, the tenth-century magistros of the Bulgars], ” in Civitas divino-humana. V chest na profesor Georgi Bakalov, ed. by C. Stepanov and V. Vachkova (Sofia: Centăr za izsledvaniia na bălgarite “Tangra” TanNakRa IK, 2004), pp. 507–511.
354. P. Engels, “Der Reisebericht des Ibrahim ibn Ya’qub (961–966), ” in Kaiserin Theophanu. Begegnung des Ostens und Westens in die Wende des ersten Jahrtausends, ed. by A. von Euw and P. Schreiner (Cologne: Böhlau, 1991), pp. 413–420;
355. Dmitrii Mishin, “Ibrahim ibn-Ya’qub at-Turtushi’s account of the Slavs from the middle of the tenth century, ” AMS (1994-1995), pp. 184–199.
356. D. P. Bogdan, “Dobrudzhanskaia nadpis’ 943 goda. Paleograficheskii i lingvisticheskii ocherk [The Dobrudja inscription of 943. A paleographical and linguistic contribution], ” Romanoslavica, vol. 1 (1958), pp. 88–104;
357. V. Giuzelev, “Dobrudzhanskiiat nadpis i săbitiiata v Bălgariia prez 943 g. [The Dobrudja inscription and the events in Bulgaria in 943], ” Istoricheski pregled, vol. 24 (1968), pp. 46–48.
358. R. Pavlova, Petăr Chernorizec, starobălgarski pisatel ot X vek [Peter the Monk, an Old Bulgarian Author of the Tenth Century] (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1994).
359. D. Petkanova, Starobălgarska literatura IX–XVIII vek (Sofia: Universitetsko izdatelstvo “Kliment Okhridski, ” 1992), p. 295.
360. I. Duichev, “Zur Datierung der Homilie des Kosmas, ” Welt der Slawen, vol. 8 (1963), pp. 1–4;
361. F. J. Thomson, “Cosmas of Bulgaria and his discourse against the heresy of Bogomil, ” SEER, vol. 54 (1976), pp. 263–269.
362. A. Margos, “Niakoi belezhki po cheteneto na protivobogomilskiia nadpis ot srednovekovnata cărkva pri s. Gigen [Some remarks on the reading of the anti-Bogomilic inscription from the medieval church of Gigen], ” SL, vol. 15 (1984), pp. 119–125.
363. M. Dando, “Peut-on avance de 240 ans la date de composition du traité de Cosmas le Prˆetre contre les Bogomiles?, ” Cahiers d’études cathares, vol. 100 (1983), pp. 3–25.
364. G. Semkov, “Der sozial-ökonomische Hintergrund der Bogomilen in Bulgarien und Byzanz wie auch der Patarener in Bosnien, ” Heresis, vol. 4 (1985), pp. 37–62.
365. V. Giuzelev, “Bălgarskite pratenichestva pri germanskiia imperator Oton I v Magdeburg (965 g.) i v Quedlinburg (973 g.) [Bulgarian embassies to the German Emperor Otto I in Magdeburg (965) and Quedlinburg (973)], ” in Civitas divino-humana. V chest na profesor Georgi Bakalov, ed. by C. Stepanov and V. Vachkova (Sofia: Centăr za izsledvaniia na bălgarite “Tangra” TanNakRa IK, 2004), pp. 385–396.
366. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 277.
367. A. D. Stokes, “The background and chronology of the Balkan campaigns of Sviatoslav Igorevich, ” SEER, vol. 40 (1961-1962), pp. 44–57.
368. W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), pp. 509 and 949
369. I. Iordanov, Pechatite ot strategiiata v Preslav (971–1088) [Leaden seals of the military province of Preslav (971–1088)] (Sofia: Universitetsko izdatelstvo “Sv. Kliment Okhridski, ” 1993), pp. 134–135.
370. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 301.
371. S. McGrath, “The battles of Dorostolon (971): rhetoric and reality, ” in Peace and War in Byzantium. Essays in Honor of George T. Dennis, S. J., ed. by T. S. Miller and J. Nesbitt (Washington: Catholic University of America, 1995), pp. 152–164.
372. P. Stephenson, The Legend of Basil the Bulgar- Slayer (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 16–17.
373. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 346.
374. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, pp. 348–349
375. P. Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 71–74.
376. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, pp. 350–351;
377. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 352.
378. D. Evgenidou, “Servia and Moglena, two Byzantine cities of Macedonia, ” Istorikogeographika, vol. 2 (1987-1988), 15–22.
379. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 357.
380. I. Zaimov and V. Tăpkova-Zaimova, Bitolski nadpis na Ivan Vladislav, samodărzhec bălgarski. Starobălgarski pametnik ot 1015–1016 godina [The Bitola Inscription of John Vladislav, the Bulgarian Autocrat. An Old Bulgarian Monument of 1015–1016] (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1970), pp. 33–34;
381. I. Zaimov, “Eindeutige und umstrittene Stellen in der Bitolja-Inschrift des bulgarischen Selbstherrschers Ivan Vladislav (11. Jh.), ” Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, vol. 13 (1978), pp. 194–204.
382. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 356.
383. I. Bozhilov, Bălgarite văv Vizantiiskata imperiia [Bulgarians in Byzantium] (Sofia: Akademichno izdatelstvo “Prof. Marin Drinov, ” 1995), pp. 273–275.
384. John Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, pp. 360–363.
385. P. D. Angelov, “The Bulgarians through the eyes of the Byzantines, ” BHR, vol. 22 (1994), p. 21.
386. I. Szentpétery, in Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum, vol. 2 (Budapest: Academia litteraria Hungarica, 1938; reprint Budapest: Nap kiadó, 1999), pp. 480–560.
387. C. A. Macartney, “Studies of the earliest Hungarian historical sources. I: The Lives of St. Gerard, ” Archivum Europae Centro-Orientalis, vol. 18 (1938), 1–35.
388. E. Benkö, “Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvár), ” in Europe’s Centre around ad 1000, ed. by A. Wieczorek and H.-M. Hinz (Stuttgart: Theiss, 2000), pp. 389–391.
389. R. R. Heitel, “Die Archäologie der ersten und zweiten Phase des Eindringens der Ungarn in das innerkarpatische Transilvanien, ” Dacia, vols. 38–39 (1994–1995), pp. 417
390. K. Horedt, Moreşti. Grabungen in einer vorund frühgeschichtlichen Siedlung in Siebenbürgen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1984).
391. S. Keza, Chronicle, ed. by I. Szentpétery, in Scriptores rerum Hungaricarum, vol. 2 (Budapest: Academia litteraria Hungarica, 1938; reprint Budapest: Nap Kiadó, 1999), p. 182
392. V. Spinei, Moldavia in the 11th–14th centuries (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1986), pp. 86–87.
393. A. Páloczi-Horváth, Pechenegs, Cumans, Iasians: Steppe Peoples in Medieval Hungary (Wellingborough: Corvina, 1990), p. 44.
394. I. Bóna, “From Dacia to Erdöelve: Transylvania in the period of the Great Migrations (271–896), ” in History of Transylvania, ed. by L. Makkai and A. Mócsy, vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), p. 319.
395. V. Spinei, The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century (Cluj-Napoca: Center for Transylvanian Studies and Brila: Istros, 2003), p. 131.
396. D. Minić, Le site d’habitation médiéval [sic] de Mačvanska Mitrovica (Belgrade: Arheolo ški Institut, 1980), pp. 58–59.
397. J. Kalić, “Podaci Alberta Ahenskog u ugarsko-vizantijskom odnosima krajem XI veka [Albert of Aachen on the Hungarian–Byzantine relations in the late eleventh century], ” ZFF, vol. 10 (1968), pp. 183–192
398. M. Janković, “Slovensko naselje kod Zemuna [A Slavic settlement near Zemun], ” RVM, vols. 37–38 (1996), pp. 123– 137.
399. V. Sokol, “The archaeological heritage of the early Croats, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: PhilipWilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), pp. 141–142.
400. Ž. Tomičić, “Rezultati ranosrednjevjekovnih arheolskih istraživanja u Medimurju i varaždinskoj regiji [The results of research on the early medieval sites in the Mura valley and the Varaždin region], ” Izdanja Hrvatskog arheolskog društva, vol. 2 (1978), pp. 209–222.
401. W. Baum, “Die Kirchen von Freising und Brixen, die Grafen von Görz und die Entstehung der deutschen Sprachinseln in Friaul und Slowenien, ” Der Schlern. Zeitschrift für Südtiroler Landeskunde, vol. 54 (1980), pp. 428–440.
402. S. Vilfan, “Zur Struktur der freisingischen Herrschaften s üdlich der Tauern im Frühmittelalter, ” in Karantanien und der Alpen-Adria-Raum im Frühmittelalter, ed. by G. Hödl and J. Grabmeyer (Vienna, Cologne, and Weimar: Böhlau, 1993), p. 216.
403. A. Pleterski, Župa Bled. Nastanek, razvoj in prezitki [The Bled zhupa. Its Origins, Development, and Surviving Elements] (Ljubljana: Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti, 1986)
404. J. Giesler, Der Ostalpenraum vom 8. bis 11. Jahrhundert. Studien zu archäologischen und schriftlichen Zeugnissen (Rahden: Marie Leidorf, 1997), pp. 413
405. M. Jurković, “Sv. Spas na vrelu Cetine i problem westwerka u hrvatskoj predromanici [The Church of the Holy Savior at the headwaters of the Cetina River and the problem of the westwerk in the pre-Romanesque architecture of Croatia], ” SP, vol. 22 (1995), pp. 55–80.
406. I. Fisković, “Painting, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), pp. 493–509.
407. Ž. Rapanić, Predromaničko doba u Dalmaciji [Pre-Romanesque Art in Dalmatia] (Split: Logos, 1987), p. 148.
408. J. Stipišić, “Hrvatski dvorski dignitar ‘risarius’ [The risarius, a Croatian court dignitary], ” Zbornik Historijskog Zavoda Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, vol. 12 (1982), pp. 1–7.
409. V. Novak and B. Talebaković-Pecarski, “Večenegin evandelistar [The Vekenega Evangeliary], ” Starine Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, vol. 51 (1962), pp. 5–60.
410. S. Tuksar, “The first centuries of Croatian music, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: Philip Wilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), pp. 562
411. I. Mirnik, “Nalaz francuskog novca 11. st. iz Novog Vinodolskog [A hoard of eleventh-century French coins from Novi Vinodolski], ” Numismatičke vijesti, vol. 33 (1991), pp. 43–47.
412. V. Novak, Zadarski kartular samostana svete Marije [The Cartulary of the Convent of St. Mary in Zadar] (Zagreb: Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, 1959).
413. L. Margetić, “Toparque, tepči (topotèrètes) et dad en Croatie au 11e siècle, ” REB, vol. 44 (1986), pp. 257–262.
414. J. Stipišić, “Croatia in diplomatic sources up to the end of the 11th century, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: PhilipWilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), pp. 294
415. V. Ksćak, “Gregorio VII e la Croazia. Presupposti politico-sociali, ” SG, vol. 14 (1991), pp. 258–259.
416. F. Šanjek, “La réforme grégorienne en Croatie sous le règne de Demetrius Zvonimir (1075–1089), ” SG, vol. 14 (1991), pp. 245–251.
417. B. Fučić, “The Croatian Glagolitic and Cyrillic epigraphs, ” in Croatia in the Early Middle Ages. A Cultural Survey, ed. by I. Supičić (London: PhilipWilson Publishers and Zagreb: AGM, 1999), p. 265.
418. C. Simpson, “The Croats and the Glagolitic alphabet, ” MedievalWorld, vol. 7 (1992), pp. 17–23.
419. M. Pantelić, “O Kijevskim i Sinajskim listicima [On the Kiev and Sinai Fragments], ” Slovo, vol. 35 (1985), pp. 5–56.
420. J. Hamm, Das glagolitische Missale von Kiev (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie derWissenschaftern, 1979)
421. J. Schaeken, Die Kiever Blätter (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1987).
422. J. Reinhart and A. A. Turilov, “Budapeshtskii glagolicheskii otryvok: drevneishi slavianski spisok Zhitiia Simeona Stolpnika [The Budapest Glagolitic Fragments: the earliest Slavic manuscript of the Life of St. Symeon the Stylite], ” Slovo, vols. 39–40 (1990), pp. 37–44.
423. N. Klaić, “Jos jednom o tzv. privilegijama trogirskog tipa [Once again on the so-called privileges of the Trogir type], ” Istorijski časopis, vol. 20 (1973), pp. 15–87.
424. M. Popović, “Monastère St. Pierre de Campo près de Trebinje, ” WMBHL, vol. 6 (1979), pp. 271–287.
425. I. Bagarić, “Die Rolle der Benediktiner in der kroatischen Geschichte, ” Mariastein, vol. 28 (1982), pp. 62–68.
426. J. Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 475
427. I. Ostojić, “O Mihajlovu natpisu u Stonu [On the inscription of Michael from Ston], ” Prilozi povijesti umjetnosti u Dalmaciji, vol. 14 (1962), pp. 34–39.
428. M. Mullett, Theophylact of Ochrid. Reading the Letters of a Byzantine Archbishop (Aldershot and Brooksfield: Variorum, 1997), p. 360.
429. M. Popović, “Les forteresses du système défensif byzantin en Serbie aux XIe– XIIe siècles, ” Starinar, vol. 42 (1991), pp. 177–178.
430. G. Karaiskaj, “Kalaja Durrësit në msjetë [The citadel of Durrës during the Middle Ages], ” Monumentet, vol. 13 (1977), pp. 29–53.
431. A. Ducellier, “Les Albanais dans l’Empire byzantin: de la communaut é à l’expansion, ” in Hoi Albanoi sto mesaiona, ed. by Ch. Gasparis (Athens: Institouto Byzantinon Ereunon, 1998), pp. 38–40.
432. William of Apulia, The Deeds of Robert Guiscard, ed. by M. Mathieu (Palermo: Istituto Siciliano di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici, 1961), p. 302.
433. W. B. McQueen, “Relations between the Normans and Byzantium, 1071–1112, ” Byzantion, vol. 56 (1986), pp. 427–476.
434. Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 114.
435. Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 411.
436. N. Svoronos, “Recherches sur le cadastre byzantin et la fiscalité aux XIe et XIIe siècles: le cadastre de Thèbes, ” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, vol. 83 (1959), 1–166
437. L. A. Neville, Authority in Byzantine Provincial Society, 950–1100 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 171–172.
438. L. A. Neville, “Local provincial elites in eleventh-century Hellas and Peloponnese, ” Ph.D. dissertation (Princeton University, 1998), p. 226.
439. E. Granstrem, I. Medvedev, and D. Papachryssanthou, “Fragment d’un praktikon de la région d’Athènes (avant 1204), ” REB, vol. 34 (1976), pp. 5–43.
440. J. Nesbitt and J. Wiita, “A confraternity of the Comnenian era, ” BZ, vol. 68 (1975), pp. 360–384.
441. G. D. R. Sanders, “New relative and absolute chronologies for 9th to 13th century glazed wares at Corinth: methodology and social conclusions, ” in Byzanz als Raum. Zu Methoden und Inhalten der historischen Geographie des östlichen Mittelmeerraumes, ed. by K. Belke, F. Hild, J. Koder, and P. Soustal (Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie derWissenschaften, 2000), pp. 153–173.
442. P. Armstrong, “Byzantine Thebes: excavations on the Kadmeia, 1980, ” ABSA, vol. 88 (1993), pp. 331–332.
443. N. Djuvara, “Sur un passage controversé de Kekaumenos, ” RRH, vol. 30 (1991), pp. 23–66.
444. A. Risos, “The Vlachs of Larissa in the 10th century, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 51 (1990), pp. 202–207.
445. E. Scrltoiu, “La romanité balkanique. Origines et diffusion, ” RESEE, vol. 29 (1991), pp. 191–202
446. H. K. G. Gelzer, “Ungedruckte und wenig bekannte Bist ümerverzeichnisse der orientalischen Kirche, ” BZ, vol. 2 (1893), pp. 42–46.
447. A. Madgearu, “The church organization at the Lower Danube between 971 and 1020, ” EBPB, vol. 4 (2001), pp. 82–85.
448. Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier, pp. 130–132.
449. A. Miltenova and M. Kaimakamova, “The uprising of Peter Delian (1040–1041) in a new Old Bulgarian source, ” Byzantinobulgarica, vol. 8 (1986), pp. 227–240.
450. I. Venedikov, “Legendata za Mikhail Kagan [The legend of Michael Qagan], ” Preslav. Sbornik, vol. 2 (1976), pp. 179–208.
451. E. R. A. Sewter, Fourteen Byzantine Rulers (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968), pp. 109–110.
452. J. V. A. Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans. A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983), p. 206
453. V. N. Shchepkin, Savvina kniga [Sava’s Book] (St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia Akademiia Nauk, Otdelenie russkogo iazyka i slovesnosti, 1903).
454. I. Zaimov and M. Capaldo, Supraslski ili Retkov sbornik [The Suprásl Collection] (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Blgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1982).
455. M. Harisiadis, “L’enluminure des manuscrits glagolitiques des XIe et XIIe siècles, ” in Actes du XVe Congrès international d’études byzantines. Athènes, septembre 1976, ed. by P. Zepos, vol. 2 (Athens: Association internationale des études byzantines, 1981), pp. 193– 204
456. A. Dzhurova, “L’ornement des manuscrits vieux-bulgares glagolitiques et leurs rapports avec l’art de Byzance, des provinces grecques d’Orient et de l’Italie du sud (sur l’ornement de l’Evangéliaire d’Assemani), ” Byzantiaka, vol. 8 (1988), pp. 23–39.
457. M. Mullett, “Byzantium and the Slavs: the views of Theophylact of Ochrid, ” GSU, vol. 87 (1994), pp. 55–70.
458. G. Podskalsky, “Two archbishops of Achrida (Ohrid) and their significance for Macedonia’s secular and church history: Theophylaktos and Demetrios Chomatenos, ” in Byzantine Macedonia: Identity, Image, and History. Papers from the Melbourne Conference, July 1995, ed. by J. Burke and R. Scott (Melbourne: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 2000), pp. 139–148.
459. I. Ivanov, Bogomilski knigi i legendi (Sofia: Pridvorna Pechatnica, 1925).
460. M. Kaimakamova, “Istoriografskata stoinost na Blgarski apokrifen letopis [The historiographic value of the Bulgarian Apocryphal Chronicle], ” in Civitas divino-humana. V chest na profesor Georgi Bakalov, ed. by C. Stepanov and V. Vachkova (Sofia: Centr za izsledvaniia na blgarite “Tangra” TanNakRa IK, 2004), pp. 417–441.
461. J. Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, p. 356.
462. V. Beshevliev, “Novi otksleci ot prvoblgarski i drugi srednovekovni nadpisi ot Pliska i Silistra [New fragments of Bulgar and other medieval inscriptions from Pliska and Silistra], ” IAI, vol. 20 (1955), pp. 288–290.
463. P. Diaconu and E. Stnescu, “Le commerce fluvial et maritime dans la région comprise entre le Danube et la Mer Noire aux IVe–XIIe siècles, ” in Etudes d’histoire maritime, présentées au XIIIe Congrès international des sciences historiques par la Commission internationale d’histoire maritime à l’occasion de son XIIe colloque, Moscou, 16–23 août (Moscow: n. p., 1970), pp. 290–293.
464. S. Baraschi, “Un cuptor de ars oale de la Pcuiul lui Soare (sec. al XI-lea) [An eleventh-century kiln in Pcuiul lui Soare], ” SCIVA, vol. 25 (1974), pp. 461–472.
465. G. Kedrenos, Chronicle, ed. by I. Bekker, vol. 2 (Bonn: E. Weber, 1839), p. 555.
466. I. Iordanov, “Pechati na Ioan Kegen, magistr i arkhont na Pechenegiia (1050–1051) [Seals of John Kegen, magistros and archon of Pechenegia (1050–1051)], ” Numizmatika i sfragistika, no. 1 (1998), pp. 96–101.
467. E. Oberländer-Târnoveanu, “Un atelier monétaire byzantin inconnu de la deuxième moitié du XIe siècle dans le thème de Paristrion, ” RESEE, vol. 21 (1983), pp. 261–270.
468. S. B. F. Jansson and E. Wessén, Gotlands runinskrifter, vol. 1 (Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1962), pp. 263–268.
469. E. Piltz, “Varangian companies for long distance trade: aspects of interchange between Scandinavia, Rus’ and Byzantium in the 11th–12th centuries, ” in Byzantium and Islam in Scandinavia. Acts of a Symposium at Uppsala University, June 15–16 1996, ed. by E. Piltz (Jonsered: P. Astroms Forlag, 1998), pp. 88–89.
470. B. Sawyer, The Viking Age Rune-Stones. Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 56.
471. A. Armbruster, Der Donau-Karpatenraum in den mittelund westeuropäischen Quellen des 10.–16. Jahrhunderts. Eine historiographische Imagologie. (Cologne and Vienna: Böhlau, 1990), pp. 34–36.
472. C. Cosma, “Ceramica prefeudal şi feudal timpurie de la Orşova [Early medieval and medieval pottery from Orşova], ” Ephemeris Napocensis, vol. 2 (1992), pp. 231– 235.
473. J. Skylitzes, Synopsis historiarum, pp. 455–456
474. Spinei, Ultimele valuri migratoare, pp. 134–135.
475. I. Tentiuc, Populaţia din Moldova central ın secolele XI–XIII [The Eleventh- to Thirteenth-Century Population of Central Moldavia] (Iaşi: Helios, 1996), p. 66.
476. I. G. Hâncu, Limbar’. Srednevekovyi mogil’nik XII–XIV vekov v Moldavii [Limbari. A Twelfth- to Fourteenth-Century Cemetery in Moldova] (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1970).
477. Stephenson, Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier, pp. 114–116.
478. P. Stephenson, “The Byzantine frontier at the Lower Danube in the late tenth and eleventh centuries, ” in Frontiers in Question. Eurasian Borderlands, 700–1700, ed. by D. Power and N. Standen (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999), pp. 80–104
479. Abd-Allah ibn-Rizvan, La chronique des steppes Kiptchak Tevarih-i Dešt-i Qipcak du XVIIe siècle (mss. Istanbul, Topkapi Sarayi B. 289), ed. by A. Zajaczkowski (Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1966), p. 13.
480. P. B. Golden, “The Polovcii Dikii, ” Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vols. 3–4 (1979–1980), 296–309.
481. Niketas Choniates, Historia, ed. by J. L. van Dieten (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1975), pp. 20–23
482. Choniates, Historia, English translation by Magoulias, pp. 10–11.
483. John Kinnamos, The Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, ed. by A. Meinecke (Bonn: E. Weber, 1836), p. 95.
484. John Kinnamos, Deeds, English translation by Brand, p. 78.
485. John Kinnamos, Deeds, English translation by Brand, p. 79.
486. E. Frances, “Les relations russo-byzantines au XIIe siècle et la domination de Galicie au Bas-Danube, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 20 (1959), pp. 50–62.
487. N. F. Kotliar, “Galician–Volhynian Rus’ and Byzantium in the twelfth–thirteenth centuries: real and imaginary relations, ” in Acts. XVIIIth International Congress of Byzantine Studies. Selected Papers, ed. by I. Ševcenko, G. G. Litavrin, and W. K. Hanak, vol. 1 (Shepherdstown: Byzantine Studies Press, 1996), pp. 319–326.
488. G. G. Litavrin, “Vlakhi vizantiiskikh istochnikov X–XIII vv. [The Vlachs of the Byzantine sources, tenth to thirteenth century], ” in Iugo-Vostochnaia Evropa v srednie veka. Sbornik statei, ed. by I. S. Grosul, vol. 1 (Kishinew: Shtiinca, 1972), p. 102.
489. V. V. Otroshchenko and I. I. Rassamakin, “Der Polovzer-Khan aus dem Cingul’- Kurgan, ” in Gold der Steppe. Archäologie der Ukraine, ed. by R. Rolle, M. Müller- Wille, and K. Schietzel (Neumünster: Karl Wachholtz, 1991), pp. 269–271.
490. G. Atanasov, “La Vicina médiévale et la forteresse de Nufaru, ” EB, vol. 30 (1994), pp. 109–128.
491. Zh. Zhekova, “Za Preslav sled vastanieto na Asenevci [Preslav after the Assenid uprising], ” Preslav. Sbornik, vol. 6 (2004), pp. 344–349.
492. M. F. Hendy, “The Gornoslav hoard, the emperor Frederick I and the monastery of Bachkovo, ” in Studies in Numismatical Method Presented to Philip Grierson, ed. by C. N. L. Brooke, I. Stewart, J. G. Pollard, and T. R. Volk (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 179–191.
493. A. Dancheva-Vasileva, “Plovdiv à l’époque des premières Croisades (1097, 1147, 1189), ” BHR, vol. 26 (1998), pp. 20–23.
494. D. S. Shuteriqi, “Një mbishkrim i Arbërit (1190–1216) [Inscriptions from Albania (1190–1216)], ” Studime Historike, vol. 3 (1967), p. 155.
495. N. Svoronos, “Recherches sur le cadastre byzantin et la fiscalité aux XIe et XIIe siècles: le cadastre de Thèbes, ” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, vol. 83 (1959), pp. 1–166.
496. V. Th. Delvenakiotes, Ho metropolites Ioannes ho Kaloktenes kai hai Thebai, 12 m. Chaion [The Metropolitan John Kaloktenes and Thebes during the Twelfth Century] (Athens: n.p., 1970), pp. 72–73.
497. A. Louvi-Kizi, “Thebes, ” in The Economic History of Byzantium from the Seventh through the Fifteenth Century, ed. by A. E. Laiou (Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002), pp. 634 and 637.
498. P. Stephenson, “Manuel I Comnenus and Geza II: a revised context and chronology for Hungaro-Byzantine relations, 1148–1155, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 55 (1994), pp. 257–263.
499. M. Blagojevic, “Secenica (Setzenica), Strymon (Strymon) i Tara (Tara) u delu Jovana Kinama [Secenica (Setzenica), Strymon (Strymon) and Tara (Tara) in John Kinnamos’ work], ” ZRVI, vol. 17 (1974), pp. 65–76
500. R. Novakovic, “Jošnešto povodom bitke na Tari 1150. godine [One more time on the battle of the Tara River, 1150], ” Istorijski Casopis, vols. 25–26 (1978–1979), pp. 5–28.
501. John Kinnamos, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, p. 120
502. Stephenson, “Manuel I Comnenus and Geza II, ” p. 264.
503. John Kinnamos, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, p. 204
504. L. Maksimovic and M. Popovic, “Les sceaux byzantins de la région danubienne en Serbie, ” Studies in Byzantine Sigillography, vol. 2 (1990), pp. 224–225.
505. John Kinnamos, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, p. 287.
506. S. M. Cirkovic, La Serbie au Moyen Age (Paris: Zodiaque, 1992), pp. 145–146.
507. S. M. Cirkovic, V. Korac, and G. Babic, Studenica Monastery (Belgrade: Jugoslavenska revija, 1986).
508. L. Waldmüller, Die Synoden in Dalmatien, Kroatien und Ungarn. Von der Völkerwanderung bis zum Ende der Arpaden (1311) (Paderborn, Munich, Vienna, and Zürich: F. Schöningh, 1987), p. 160.
509. I. Goldstein, “Byzantine rule in Dalmatia in the 12th century, ” in Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa, 950–1453. Beiträge zu einer table-ronde des XIX Internationalen Congress of Byzantine Studies, Copenhagen 1996, ed. by G. Prinzing and M. Salamon (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1999), pp. 107–109.
510. John Kinnamos, Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus, pp. 262–263.
511. M. Jurkovic, “Uloga Zadra, Clunya i kneŽeva Frankopana u promociji romanike na otoku Krku [The role of Zadar, Cluny, and the Frankopan princes in the promotion of the Romanesque style on the island of Krk], ” in UMjetnostnaistocnoj obali Jadrana u kontekstu europeske tradicije. Zbornik radova za znanstevnog skupa u Opatiji u svibnju 1992. Posvecenog djelu Prof. Dr. Radmile MatejCic, ed. by N. KudiŠ and M. Vicelja (Rijeka: Pedagoski fakultet, 1993), pp. 176–189.
512. M. Kosi, “The age of the Crusades in the South-East of the Empire (between the Alps and the Adriatic), ” in The Crusades and the Military Orders. Expanding Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity, ed. by Zs. Hunyadi and J. Laszlovszky (Budapest: Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, 2001), pp. 129– 130 and 156.
513. Gesta episcoporum Halberstadensium, ed. by L. Weiland (Hanover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1874; reprint 1986), MGH SS 23:112–113.
514. P. Štih, Studien zur Geschichte der Grafen von Görz. Die Ministerialen und Milites der Grafen von Görz in Istrien und Krain (Vienna: Oldenbourg, 1996), p. 32.
515. K. Szovák, “Wer war der anonyme Notar? Zur Bestimmung des Verfassers der Gesta Hungarorum, ” Ungarn-Jahrbuch, vol. 19 (1991), pp. 1–17.
516. G. Gyorffy, “Anonymus Gesta Hungaroruma [Gesta Hungarorum], ” in A Honfoglaláskorírott forrásai, ed. by L. Kovács and L. Veszprémy (Budapest: Balassi kiadó, 1996), pp. 193–213.
517. K. Horedt, Siebenbürgen im Frühmittelalter (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, 1986), pp. 116– 117.
518. H. Zimmermann, “Die deutsche Südostsiedlung im Mittelalter, ” in Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas. Land an der Donau, ed. by G. Schödl (Berlin: Siedler, 1995), p. 32.
519. Misch Orend, “Die Entstehung derMärchen von der Luxemburger Herkunft der Siebenbürger Sachsen, ” Orbis, vol. 20 (1971), pp. 370–383.
520. L. Makkai, “Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian kingdom (896– 1526), ” in History of Transylvania, ed. by L. Makkai and A. Mócsy, vol. i (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), pp. 533–539.
521. G. Kovach, “Date cu privire la transportul sarii pe MuresÎn secolele X–XIII [Data regarding the transportation of salt on the Mures River during the tenth to thirteenth century], ” Ziridava, vol. 12 (1980), 193–200.
522. K. Horedt, “Backteller und Tonkessel in Moresti, ” Slovenská Archeológia, vol. 26 (1978), pp. 59–68.
523. T. Teofilov, “Izsledvaniia varkhu problema za stilovata rekonstrukciia na carkvata Sv. Dimitar Solunski vav Veliko Tarnovo [Research on the style of the reconstruction of the Church of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica in Veliko Tarnovo], ” Godishnik na muzeite ot Severna Balgariia, vol. 17 (1991), pp. 67–87.
524. G. Prinzing, “Demetrios-Kirche und Aseniden-Aufstand. Zur chronologischen Präzisierung der Frühphase des Aseniden-Aufstandes, ” ZRVI, vol. 38 (1999– 2000), pp. 262–264.
525. I. Bozhilov, Familiiata na Asenevci (1186–1460): genealogiia i prosopografiia (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1994), p. 35.
526. I. Iordanov, “Pechat na parviia Asenevec [The seal of the first Assenid], ” Izvestiia na istoricheskiia muzei – Veliko Tarnovo, vols. 15–16 (2000– 2001), pp. 192–200.
527. I. Iordanov, “Ranni formi na monetno proizvodstvo (XI–XIII v.) v balgarskite zemi [The first attempts at striking coins in the Bulgarian lands (eleventh to thirteenth century)], ” Numizmatika, vol. 14 (1980), pp. 4–15.
528. D. M. Metcalf, “Byzantinobulgarica: the Second Bulgarian Empire and the problem of ‘Bulgarian imitative’ trachea before and after 1204, ” Numismatic Circular, vol. 81 (1973), pp. 418–421.
529. V. Nesheva, D. Serafimova, G. Stoianov, et al., “Arkhitektura [The architecture], ” in Melnik. Gradat v podnozhieto na Slavova krepost, ed. by S. Georgieva and V. Nesheva, vol. 1 (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1989), pp. 41–63.
530. B. Cvetkov, “Keramika [The pottery], ” in Melnik, vol. 1, pp. 120–159.
531. D. Conchev, “Krichim prez srednovekovieto [Krichim during the Middle Ages], ” Godishnik na narodniia arkheologicheski muzei Plovdiv, vol. 1 (1948), pp. 75–87.
532. K. Gagova, “Parviiat krastonosen pokhod po Via militarisK. Gagova, “Părviiat krăstonosen pokhod po Via militaris [The First Crusade invasion along the Via militaris], ” Minalo 3 (1996), 56–61.
533. Raymond of Aguilers, The History of the Franks who Conquered Jerusalem, ed. by J. H. Hill and L. L. Hill (Paris: P. Geuthner, 1969), pp. 36–37
534. I. Duichev, “The Balkan Slavs and theWest during the period of the Crusades, ” in The Meeting of TwoWorlds. Cultural Exchange between East and West during the Period of the Crusades, ed. by V. P. Goss (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986), pp. 411–412.
535. L. Dobronić, “The military orders in Croatia, ” in The Meeting of Two Worlds. Cultural Exchange between East andWest during the Period of the Crusades, ed. by V. P. Goss (Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986), p. 432.
536. B. Grgin, “The impact of the Crusades on medieval Croatia, ” in The Crusades and the Military Orders. Expanding Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity, ed. by Zs. Hunyadi and J. Laszlovszky (Budapest: Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, 2001), pp. 167–171.
537. S¸. Papacostea, Between the Crusade and the Mongol Empire. The Romanians in the 13th Century (Cluj-Napoca: Center for Transylvanian Studies, Romanian Cultural Foundation, 1998), p. 22.
538. D. E. Queller and T. F. Madden, “Some further arguments in defense of the Venetians on the Fourth Crusade, ” Byzantion, vol. 62 (1992), pp. 448–449.
539. A. Bon, Le Péloponnése byzantin jusquen 1204 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1951), pp. 123, 172–173.
540. R. L. Wolff, “The ‘Second Bulgarian empire’. Its origin and history to 1204, ” Speculum, vol. 24 (1949), pp. 190–191
541. J. R. Sweeney, “Innocent III, Hungary and the Bulgarian coronation: a study in medieval papal diplomacy, ” Church History, vol. 42 (1973), pp. 321–322.
542. Robert deClari, The Conquest of Constantinople, p. 228.
543. J. Vrana, Vukanovo jevan - delje The Vukan Gospel (Belgrade: Nau?cno delo, 1967).
544. D. Dragojlović, “Archevêché d’Ohrid dans la hiérarchie des grandes églises chrétiennes, ” Balcanica, vol. 22 (1991), pp. 43–54.
545. A. D. Karpozilos, The Ecclesiastical Controversy between the Kingdom of Nicaea and the Principality of Epiros (1217–1233) (Thessaloniki: Kentron Byzantinon Ereunon, 1973).
546. I. Duichev, “Kratkoto Klimentovo zhitie ot Dimitrii Khomatian [Demetrius Chomatenos’ Short Life of Clement], ” in Kliment Okhridski. Sbornik ot statii po sluchai 1050 godini ot smărtta, ed. by B. S. Angelov, B. Angelov, P. Dinekov, et al. (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Bălgarskata Akademiia na Naukite, 1966), pp. 161–171.
547. J. V. A. Fine, The Bosnian Church: A New Interpretation. A Study of the Bosnian Church and Its Place in State and Society from the 13th to the 15th Century (Boulder and New York: Columbia University Press, 1975).
548. M. Popović, “La découverte d’un dépôt de monnaie du roi Stéphane Radoslav dans la forteresse de Ras, ” in Kovanje i kovnice anti?ckog i srednjovekovnog novca, ed. by V. Kondić (Belgrade: Arheoloŝki Institut, 1976), pp. 115–119.
549. V. Gvozdanović, “Master Radovan and the lunette of the Nativity at Trogir, ” Studies in Medieval Culture, vols. 8–9 (1976), pp. 85–98.
550. O. Demus, “Bemerkungen zu Meister Radovan in San Marco, ” JOB, vol. 38 (1989), pp. 389–393.
551. V. Drăgut¸, Arta goticăîn România [The Gothic Art of Romania] (Bucharest: Meridiane, 1979), pp. 11–25.
552. N. Berend, At the Gate of Christendom. Jews, Muslims, and “Pagans” in Medieval Hungary, c. 1000–c. 1300 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 71.
553. M. Rady, “The Mongol invasion of Hungary, ” Medieval World, vol. 3 (1991), pp. 39–46.
554. T. Almási, “Megjegyzések Rogerius magyarországimélt ósávigseléséhez [Remarks concerning the office held by Roger in Hungary], ” Acta Universitatis Szegediensis de Attila Jozsef nominatae. Acta Historica, vol. 86 (1988), pp. 9–14.
555. P. Engel, The Realm of St. Stephen. A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 (London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2001), p. 102.
556. Georg W. F. Hegel, Lecture on the Philosophy of History, English translation by J. Sibree (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1902), p. 363.
557. F. Valjavec, Ausgewählte Aufsätze (Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1963), pp. 82–103.
558. L. Wolff, Inventing Eastern Europe. The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994), p. 360.
559. Ş. Olteanu, “Agricultura la est şi sud de Carpaţi în sec. IX–XIV [Agriculture in the lands east and south of the Carpathian Mountains during the ninth to fourteenth century], ” Muzeul Naţional, vol. 1 (1974), pp. 35–55
560. J. Henning, “Bulgarien zwischen Antike und Mittelalter im Spiegel derWirtschaftsarch äologie, ” Das Altertum, vol. 32 (1986), pp. 100–112.
561. G. Marjanović-Vujović, “Rural settlements in the 9th and 10th centuries in the Danube Valley in Serbia, ” in From the Baltic to the Black Sea. Studies in Medieval Archaeology, ed. by D. Austin and L. Alcock (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), pp. 236–247
562. I. Čremošnik, “Die Untersuchungen in Mušići und Žabljak. Über den ersten Fund der ältesten slawischen Siedlung in Bosnien, ” WMBHL, vol. 5 (1975), pp. 91–176.
563. S. Ciglenečki, “Die Eisenwerkzeugen aus den befestigten Höhensiedlungen Sloweniens aus der Völkerwanderungszeit, ” Balcanoslavica, vol. 10 (1983), pp. 45–54
564. Gh. Lazin, “Două piese de metal din secolele 8–9 descoperite în localitatea Lazuri– Satu Mare [Two eighth- to ninth-century metal artifacts from Lazuri near Satu Mare], ” Studii şi comunicări, vols. 5–6 (1981–1982), pp. 137–142
565. T. Balabanov, “Zemedelski orădiia ot Pliska (IX–XI v.) [Agricultural implements from ninth- to eleventh-century Pliska], ” Bălgarska etnografiia, vol. 10 (1985), pp. 19–29.
566. T. E. Gregory, “An Early Byzantine (dark-age) settlement at Isthmia: preliminary report, ” in The Corinthia in the Roman Period Including the Papers Given at a Symposium Held at the Ohio State University on 7–9 March, 1991, ed. by T. E. Gregory (Ann Arbor: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1993), pp. 149–160
567. S. Dolinescu-Ferche, “Habitats du VIe et VIIe siècles de notre ère à Dulceanca IV, ” Dacia, vol. 36 (1992), pp. 125–177.
568. E. I. Emandi, “Cultura plantelor în nordul Moldovei (sec. IX–XV) în lumina cercetărilor paleobotanice [Crop cultivation in northern Moldavia between the ninth and the fifteenth century in the light of paleobotanical research], ” Hierasus, vol. 3 (1981), 51
569. L. Björkman, A. Feurdean, and B. Wohlfarth, “Late Glacial and Holocene forest dynamics at Steregoiu in Gutâiului Mountains, Northwest Romania, ” Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol. 124 (2003), pp. 79–111.
570. H. H. Stahl, Traditional Romanian Village Communities. The Transition from the Communal to the Capitalist Mode of Production in the Danube Region (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1980), p. 61.
571. S. Haimovici, “Studiul resturilor mamiferelor domestice descoperite în aşezări din sec. VIII–XII situate în sud-estul României [The study of the faunal remains found on eighth- to twelfth-century sites in southeastern Romania], ” SCIVA, vol. 35 (1984), pp. 311–319
572. L. Bartosiewicz, “Early medieval faunal remains from Pontes (Iron Gates Gorge, Eastern Serbia), ” AAASH, vol. 48 (1991), pp. 281–315.
573. S. Bökönyi, “The development of stockbreeding and herding in medieval Europe, ” in Agriculture in the Middle Ages: Technology, Practice, and Representation, ed. by D. Sweeney (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), pp. 41–61.
574. W. Pohl, “Zur Dynamik barbarischer Gesellschaften: das Beispiel der Awaren, ” Klio, vol. 73 (1991), pp. 595–600.
575. G. Győrffy, “Système des résidences d’hiver et d’été chez les nomades et les chefs hongrois au Xe siècle, ” AEMA, vol. 1 (1975), pp. 45–153
576. V. Giuzelev, “Economic development and forms of social and political organisation of the Proto-Bulgarians prior to the foundation of the Bulgarian state (4th-7th c.), ” Barukan Sho Ajia kenkyu, vol. 6 (1980), pp. 95–103.
577. M. Gyöni, “Les Vlaques du Mont Athos au début du XIIe siècle, ” Etudes slaves et roumaines, vol. 1 (1948), pp. 30–42
578. “La transhumance des Vlaques balkaniques au Moyen Age, ” Byzantinoslavica, vol. 12 (1952), pp. 29–42.
579. I. Donat, “La vie pastorale chez les Roumains et ses problèmes, ” Dacoromania, vol. 1 (1973), pp. 78–83.
580. S. Vitlianov, “Das Schmiedehandwerk in Bulgarien vom VII.–XIV. Jh., ” Slavia Antiqua, vol. 32 (1989–1990), pp. 145–170
581. J. Piaskowski, “Metallkundliche Untersuchungen antiker und frühmittelalterlicher Eisengegenstände, ” in Iatrus-Krivina. Spätantike Befestigung und frühmittelalterliche Siedlung an der unteren Donau, ed. by G. von Bülow and D. Schieferdecker, vol. iv (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1991), pp. 241–260.
582. B. Sz. Szmoniewski, “Production of early medieval ornaments made of nonferrous metals: dies from archaeological finds in north-east Romania, ” Acta Archaeologica Carpathica, vol. 37 (2002), pp. 111–135.
583. H. Winter, “Die Buntmetallbearbeitung bei den Awaren, ” in Reitervölker aus dem Osten. Hunnen + Awaren. Burgenländische Landesausstellung 1996. Schloß Halbturn, 26. April–31. Oktober 1996, ed. by F. Daim, K. Kaus, and P. Tomka (Eisenstadt: Amt der Burgenländischen Landesregierung, 1996), pp. 355–358.
584. F. Curta, “Blacksmiths, warriors and tournaments of value: dating and interpreting early medieval hoards of iron implements in Eastern Europe, ” Ephemeris Napocensis, vol. 7 (1997), pp. 211–268.
585. J. Henning, “Vom Herrschaftszentrum zur städtischen Großsiedlung mitagrarischer komponente. Archäologische Nachweise der Landwirtschaft aus dem frühmittelalterlichen Pliska, ” Pliska–Preslav, vol. 8 (2000), pp. 74–86.
586. V. Ruseva, “Mortality patterns and life expectancy in medieval skeleton populations from Bulgaria (VIII–X c. ad), ” AB, vol. 7 (2003), pp. 77–84.
587. V. Kravari, Villes et villages de Maćedoine occidentale (Paris: Pierre Lethielleux, 1989).
588. G. Cankova-Petkova, “La population agraire dans les terres bulgares sous la domination byzantine aux XI–XIIe siècles, ” Byzantinobulgarica, vol. 1 (1962), pp. 299–311.
589. R. Matijašić, “La produzione agricole in Istria nel VI–VII secolo, ” in Radovi XIII. Me - dunarodnog Kongresa za starokrščansku arheologiju. Split–Poreč (25.9.–1.10. 1994), ed. by N. Cambi and E. Marin, vol. ii (Vatican: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana and Split: Arheološki Muzej, 1998), pp. 1107–1120.
590. H. Köpstein, “Einige Aspekte des byzantinischen und bulgarischen Sklavenhandels im X. Jahrhundert. Zur Novelle des Joannes Tzimiskes über Sklavenhandelszoll, ” in Actes du premier Congrès international des études balkaniques et sudest européennes, ed. by V. Tăpkova-Zaimova, S. Dimitrov, and E. Sarafova, vol. iii (Sofia: Editions de l’Académie Bulgare des Sciences, 1969), pp. 237–247
591. N. Budak, “Slavery in late medieval Dalmatia/Croatia: labour, legal status, integration, ” in La servitude dans les pays de la Méditerranée occidentale chrétienne au XIIe siècle et au-delà: déclinante ou renouvelée? Actes de la table ronde de Rome (8e et 9e octobre 1999) (Rome: Ecole Franc¸aise de Rome, 2000), pp. 745–760.
592. J. Henning, “Gefangenenfesseln im slawischen Siedlungsraum und der europäischen Sklavenhandel im 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert. Archäologisches zum Bedeutungswandel von ‘sklabos-sakaliba-slavus’, ” Germania, vol. 70 (1992), pp. 403–426.
593. A. Granberg, “Observations on Bulgarian clan names in the 7th–9th centuries, ” in Civitas divino-humana. V chest na profesor Georgi Bakalov, ed. by T. Stepanov and V. Vachkova (Sofia: Centăr za izsledvaniia na bălgarite “Tangra” TanNakRa IK, 2004), pp. 551–561
594. G. N. Nikolov, “The Bulgarian aristocracy in the war against the Byzantine Empire (971–1019), ” in Byzantium and East Central Europe, ed. by M. Salamon, G. Prinzing, and P. Stephenson (Cracow: Secesja, 2001), pp. 141–158.
595. P. Tivchev and G. Cankova-Petkova, “Au sujet des relations féodales dans les territoires bulgares sous la domination byzantine à la fin duXIe siècle et pendant la première moitié duXIIe siècle, ” Byzantinobulgarica, vol. 2 (1966), pp. 107–125.
596. S. N. Lishev, “Nekotorye voprosy feodal’nykh otnoshenii v Bolgarii X v. i v epokhu vizantiiskogo gospodstva [Some questions regarding the feudal relations in Bulgaria during the tenth century and the period of Byzantine rule], ” VV, vol. 41 (1980), pp. 21–45.
597. S. M. Ćirković, “Unfulfilled autonomy: urban society in Serbia and Bosnia, ” in Urban Society of Eastern Europe in Premodern Times, ed. by B. Krekić (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), pp. 158–184.
598. P. Yannopoulos, “Métropoles du Péloponnèse mésobyzantin: un souvenir des invasions avaro-slaves, ” Byzantion, vol. 63 (1993), pp. 388–400.
599. A. Krăstev, “Bischofssitze in den bulgarischen Ländern bis zum IX. Jahrhundert, ” in Das Christentum in Bulgarien und auf der übrigen Balkanhalbinsel in der Spätantike und im frühen Mittelalter, ed. by V. Giuzelev and R. Pillinger (Vienna: Verein “Freunde des HausesWittgenstein, ” 1987), pp. 233–239
600. B. Nicolova, “Division ecclésiastique en Thrace, en Mésie et en Illyricum oriental du IVe au VIIIe siècle, ” BHR, vol. 21 (1993), pp. 26–33.
601. I. Barnea, “Menasampullen auf dem Gebiet Rumäniens, ” in Akten des XII. internationalen Kongresses für christliche Archäologie. Bonn, 22–28. September 1991, ed. by E. Dassmann, K. Thraede, and J. Engemann, vol. i (Münster: Aschendorfsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1995), pp. 509–514
602. V. Gerasimova-Tomova, “Überblick über die Ampullen in Bulgarien, ” in Von der Scythia zur Dobrudža, ed. by Kh. Kholiolchev, R. Pillinger, and R. Harreither (Vienna: Verein “Freunde des Hauses Wittgenstein, ” 1997), pp. 140–155.
603. Ch. Bakirtzis, “Byzantine ampullae from Thessaloniki, ” in The Blessings of Pilgrimage, ed. by R. Ousterhout (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990), pp. 140–149.
604. R. Kostova, “Bootgraffiti from the monastery of Ravna, and early pilgrimage in Bulgaria, ” AMS (1994–1995), pp. 140–165.
605. P. Diaconu and N. Petre, “Quelques observations sur le complexe archéologique de Murfatlar (Basarabi), ” Dacia, vol. 13 (1969), pp. 448–456
606. G. Atanasov and D. Cheshmedzhiev, “Srednovekovniiat skalen manastir do Varna (Aladzha manastir) [A medieval cave monastery near Varna (the Aladzha Monastery)], ” Izvestiia na Narodniia muzei Varna, vol. 26 (1990), pp. 110–140
607. G. Atanasov, “Rannovizantiiski skalni cărkvi i manastiri v Iuzhna Dobrudzha [Early Byzantine cave churches and monasteries in Southern Dobrudja], ” Arkheologiia, vol. 23 (1991), 33–43.