A mathematical model of rat proximal tubule and loop of henle

American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology

Volumn 308, Issue 10, 2015, Pages F1076-F1097

  Weinstein, Alan M ^a  

^a WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Glomerular hyperfiltration; Glomerulotubular balance; Glucose; Tubuloglomerular feedback

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GLUCOSE; SODIUM; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 1; SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR; UREA;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; ASCENDING HENLE LIMB; CALCULATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; GLUCOSURIA; HENLE LOOP; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS; KIDNEY INTERSTITIUM; KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULE; KIDNEY TUBULE ABSORPTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NEPHRON; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROXIMAL STRAIGHT TUBULE; RAT; RENAL DIABETES; SODIUM ABSORPTION; SODIUM TRANSPORT; ANIMAL; ANIMAL MODEL; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; HOMEOSTASIS; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; THEORETICAL MODEL; TRANSPORT AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE; HOMEOSTASIS; KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL; LOOP OF HENLE; MODELS, ANIMAL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RATS; SODIUM;

EID: 84930859200     PISSN: 1931857X     EISSN: 15221466     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00504.2014     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Baines AD, Basmadjian D, Wang BC. Computer simulation of flowdependent absorption in microperfused short Henle’s loop of rats. Biophys J 27: 21–38, 1979.
2. Baines AD, Basmadjian D, Wang BC. Effects of lumen volume transit time and pressure on loop of Henle function. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 237: F196–F203, 1979.
3. Bank N, Aynedjian HS. Progressive increases in luminal glucose stimulate proximal sodium absorption in normal and diabetic rats. J Clin Invest 86: 309–316, 1990.
4. Bankir L, de Rouffignac C. Anatomical and functional heterogeneity of nephrons in the rabbit: microdissection studies and SNGFR measurements. Pflügers Arch 366: 89–93, 1976.
5. Barfuss DW, Schafer JA. Differences in active and passive glucose transport along the proximal nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 240: F322–F332, 1981.
6. Barfuss DW, Schafer JA. Rate of formation and composition of absorbate from proximal nephron segments. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 247: F117–F129, 1984.
7. Bell PD, Lapointe JY, Peti-Peterdi J. Macula densa cell signaling. Annu Rev Physiol 65: 481–500, 2003.
8. Berry CA, Rector FC Jr. Relative sodium-to-chloride permeability in the proximal convoluted tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 235: F592–F604, 1978.
9. Berry CA, Warnock DG, Rector FC Jr. Ion selectivity and proximal salt reabsorption. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 235: F234–F245, 1978.
10. Briggs J. A simple steady-state model for feedback control of glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int 22: S143–S150, 1982.
11. Briggs JP, Schubert G, Schnermann J. Quantitative characterization of the tubuloglomerular feedback response: effect of growth. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 247: F808–F815, 1984.
12. Briggs JP, Wright FS. Feedback control of glomerular filtration rate: site of the effector mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 236: F40–F47, 1979.
13. Casellas D, Moore LC. Autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback in juxtamedullary glomerular arterioles. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 258: F660–F669, 1990.
14. Corman B. Streaming potentials and diffusion potentials across rabbit proximal convoluted tubule. Pflügers Arch 403: 156–163, 1985.
15. Cortell S, Gennari FJ, Davidman M, Bossert WH, Schwartz WB. A definition of proximal and distal tubular compliance. Practical and theoretical implications. J Clin Invest 52: 2330–2339, 1973.
16. DeFronzo RA, Goldberg M, Agus ZS. The effects of glucose and insulin on renal electrolyte transport. J Clin Invest 58: 83–90, 1976.
17. Du Z, Duan Y, Yan Q, Weinstein AM, Weinbaum S, Wang T. Mechanosensory function of microvilli of the kidney proximal tubule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 13068–13073, 2004.
18. Edwards A, Castrop H, Laghmani K, Vallon V, Layton AT. Effects of NKCC2 isoform regulation on NaCl transport in thick ascending limb and macula densa: a modeling study. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 307: F137–F146, 2014.
19. Good DW, Knepper MA. Ammonia transport in the mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 248: F459–F471, 1985.
20. Guo P, Weinstein AM, Weinbaum S. A hydrodynamic mechanosensory hypothesis for brush border microvilli. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279: F698–F712, 2000.
21. Haas JA, Granger JP, Knox FG. Effect of renal perfusion pressure on sodium reabsorption from proximal tubules of superficial and deep nephrons. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 250: F425–F429, 1986.
22. Haberle DA, Davis JM. Interrelationship between proximal tubular hydrodynamics and tubuloglomerular feedback in the rat kidney. Kidney Int 22: S193–S197, 1982.
23. Holstein-Rathlou NH. A closed-loop analysis of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 261: F880–F889, 1991.
24. Hopfer J, Groseclose R. The mechanism of Na+-dependent D-glucose transport. J Biol Chem 255: 4453–4462, 1980.
25. Horster M, Thurau K. Micropuncture studies on the filtration rate of single superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli in the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch 301: 162–181, 1968.
26. Imai M. Function of the thin ascending limb of Henle of rats and hamsters perfused in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 232: F201–F209, 1977.
27. Imai M. Functional heterogeneity of the descending limbs of Henle’s loop. II. Interspecies differences among rabbits, rats, and hamsters. Pflügers Arch 402: 393–401, 1984.
28. Imai M, Hayahi M, Araki M. Functional heterogeneity of the descending limbs of Henle’s loop. I. Internephron heterogeneity of the hamster kidney. Pflügers Arch 402: 385–392, 1984.
29. Imai M, Taniguchi J, Yoshitomi K. Transition of permeability properties along the descending limb of long-looped nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 254: F323–F328, 1988.
30. Imai M, Yasosima K, Yoshitomi K. Mechanism of water transport across the upper portion of the descending thin limb of long-looped nephron of hamsters. Pflügers Arch 415: 630–637, 1990.
31. Jacobson HR. Characteristics of volume reabsorption in rabbit superficial and juxtamedullary proximal convoluted tubules. J Clin Invest 63: 410–418, 1979.
32. Jacobson HR. Effects of CO2 and acetazolamide on bicarbonate and fluid transport in rabbit proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 240: F54–F62, 1981.
33. Jacobson HR, Kokko JP. Intrinsic differences in various segments of the proximal convoluted tubule. J Clin Invest 57: 818–825, 1976.
34. Jamison RL. Intrarenal heterogeneity. The case for two functionally dissimilar populations of nephrons in the mammalian kidney. Am J Med 54: 281–289, 1973.
35. Jensen PK, Steven K. Influence of intratubular pressure on proximal tubular compliance and capillary diameter in the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch 382: 179–187, 1979.
36. Kaufman JS, Hamburger RJ. Passive potassium transport in the proximal convoluted tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 248: F228–F232, 1985.
37. Kawamura S, Imai M, Seldin DW, Kokko JP. Characteristics of salt and water transport in superficial and juxtamedullary straight segments of proximal tubules. J Clin Invest 55: 1269–1277, 1975.
38. Komlosi P, Bell PD, Zhang Z. Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms in nephron segments beyond the macula densa. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 18: 57–62, 2009.
39. Koyama S, Yoshitomi K, Imai M. Effect of protamine onion conductance of upper portion of descending limb of long-looped nephron from hamsters. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 260: F839–F847, 1991.
40. Lapointe J, Bell PD, Cardinal J. Direct evidence for apical Na+: 2Cl+:K+ cotransport in macula densa cells. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 258: F1466–F1469, 1990.
41. Layton AT. A mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat renal medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 300: F356–F371, 2011.
42. Layton HE, Knepper MA, Chou C. Permeabilitiy criteria for effective function of passive countercurrent multiplier. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 270: F9–F20, 1996.
43. Layton HE, Pitman EB, Moore LC. Bifurcation analysis of TGFmediated oscillations in SNGFR. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 261: F904–F919, 1991.
44. Layton HE, Pitman EB, Moore LC. Instantaneous and steady-state gains in the tubuloglomerular feedback system. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 268: F163–F174, 1995.
45. Liang Y, Arakawa K, Ueta K, Matsushita Y, Kuriyama C, Martin T, Du F, Liu Y, Xu J, Conway B, Conway J, Polidori D, Ways K, Demarest K. Effect of canagliflozin on renal threshold for glucose, glycemia, and body weight in normal and diabetic animal models. PLoS One 7: e30555, 2012.
46. Lönnerholm G, Ridderstråle Y. Intracellular distribution of carbonic anydrase in the rat kidney. Kidney Int 17: 162–174, 1980.
47. Marsh DJ, Martin CM. Origin of electrical PD’s in hamster thin ascending limbs of Henle’s loop. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 232: F348–F357, 1977.
48. Marsh DJ, Sosnovtseva OV, Chon KH, Holstein-Rathlou NH. Nonlinear interactions in renal blood flow regulation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R1143–R1159, 2005.
49. Marwaha A, Banday AA, Lokhandwala MF. Reduced renal dopamine D1 receptor function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286: F451–F457, 2004.
50. Maunsbach AB. Ultrastructure of the proximal tubule. In: Handbook of Physiology. Renal Physiology. Bethesda, MD: Am Physiol Soc, 1973, sect. 8, chapt. 2, p. 31–80.
51. Moore LC, Mason J. Perturbation analysis of tubuloglomerular feedback in hydropenic and hemorrhaged rats. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 245: F554–F563, 1983.
52. Moreira-Rodrigues M, Quelhas-Santos J, Serrão P, Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Sampaio-Maia B, Pestana M. Glycaemic control with insulin prevents the reduced renal dopamine D1 receptor expression and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25: 2945–2953, 2010.
53. Moss R, Layton AT. Dominant factors that govern pressure natriuresis in diuresis and antidiuresis: a mathematical model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F952–F969, 2014.
54. Moss R, Thomas SR. Hormonal regulation of salt and water excretion: a mathematical model of whole kidney function and pressure natriuresis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F224–F248, 2014.
55. Nawata M, Evans KK, Dantzler WH, Pannabecker TL. Transepithelial water and urea permeabilities of isolated perfused Munich-Wistar rat inner medullary thin limbs of Henle’s loop. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F123–F129, 2014.
56. Osgood RW, Reineck HJ, Stein JH. Effect of hyperoncotic albumin on superficial and juxtamedullary nephron sodium transport. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 237: F34–F37, 1979.
57. Peti-Peterdi J, Bebok Z, Lapointe J, Bell PD. Novel regulation of cell [Na_] in macula densa cells: apical Na_ recycling by H,K-ATPase. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282: F324–F329, 2002.
58. Pitts TO, McGowan JA, Chen TC, Silverman M, Rose ME, Puschett JB. Inhibitory effects of volume expansion performed in vivo on transport in the isolated rabbit proximal tubule perfused in vitro. J Clin Invest 81: 997–1003, 1988.
59. Ponce-Coria J, San-Cristobal P, Kahle KT, Vazquez N, Pacheco-Alvarez D, de los Heros P, Juarez P, Munoz E, Michel G, Bobadilla NA, Gimenez I, Lifton RP, Hebert SC, Gamba G. Regulation of NKCC2 by a chloride-sensing mechanism involving the WNK3 and SPAK kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 8458–8463, 2008.
60. Rich A, Moore LC. Transport-coupling hypothesis of tubuloglomerular feedback signal transmission. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 257: F882–F992, 1989.
61. Rieg T, Masuda T, Gerasimova M, Mayoux E, Platt K, Powell DR, Thomson SC, Koepsell H, Vallon V. Increase in SGLT1-mediated transport explains renal glucose reabsorption during genetic and pharmacological SGLT2 inhibition in euglycemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 306: F188–F193, 2014.
62. Schlatter E, Salomonsson M, Persson AEG, Greger R. Macula densa cells sense luminal NaCl concentration via furosemide sensitive Na+2Cl-K cotransport. Pflügers Arch 414: 286–290, 1989.
63. Schmidt-Nielsen B. Urea excretion in mammals. Physiol Rev 38: 139–168, 1958.
64. Schnermann J. The juxtaglomerular apparatus: from anatomical peculiarity to physiological relevance. J Am Soc Nephrol 14: 1681–1694, 2003.
65. Schnermann J, Briggs JP. Concentration-dependent sodium chloride transport as the signal in feedback control of glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int 22: S82–S89, 1982.
66. Schnermann J, Briggs JP. Tubuloglomerular feedback: mechanistic insights from gene-manipulated mice. Kidney Int 74: 418–426, 2008.
67. Schnermann J, Ploh DW, Hermle M. Activation of tubulo-glomerular feedback by chloride transport. Pflügers Arch 362: 228–240, 1976.
68. Schnermann J, Wright FS, Davis JM, Stackelberg W, Grill G. Regulation of superficial nephron filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular feedback. Pflügers Arch 318: 147–175, 1970.
69. Stenvinkel R, Saggar-Malik AK, Wahrenberg H, Diczfalusy U, Bolinder J, Alvestrand A. Impaired intrarenal dopamine production following intravenous sodium chloride infusion in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 34: 114–118, 1991.
70. Stephenson JL. Concentration of urine in a central core model of the renal counterflow system. Kidney Int 2: 85–94, 1972.
71. Stephenson JL, Zhang Y, Tewarson R. Electrolyte, urea, and water transport in a central core model of the renal medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 257: F399–F413, 1989.
72. Tabei K, Imai M. K transport in upper portion of descending limbs of long-looped nephron from hamster. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 252: F387–F392, 1987.
73. Taniguchi J, Tabei K, Imai M. Profiles of water and solute transport along long-loop descending limb: analysis by mathematical model Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 252: F393–F402, 1987.
74. Terker AS, Zhang C, McCormick JA, Lazelle R, Zhang C, Meermeier NP, Siler D, Park HJ, Fu Y, Cohen DM, Weinstein AM, Wang W, Yang C, Ellison DH. Chloride-sensing by WNK kinases mediates potassium effects on systemic ion balance. Cell Metab [Epub before print].
75. Thomson SC, Blantz RC. Homeostatic efficiency of tubuloglomerular feedback in hydropenia, euvolemia, and acute volume expansion. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 264: F930–F936, 1993.
76. Turner RJ, Moran A. Heterogeneity of sodium-dependent D-glucose transport sites along the proximal tubule: evidence from vesicle studies. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 242: F406–F414, 1982.
77. Turner RJ, Moran A. Stoichiometric studies of the renal outer cortical brush border membrane D-glucose transporter. J Membr Biol 67: 73–80, 1982.
78. Vallon V. The proximal tubule in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300: R1009–R1022, 2011.
79. Vallon V, Huang D, Deng A, Richter K, Blantz RC, Thomson S. Salt-sensitivity of proximal reabsorption alters macula densa salt and explains the paradoxical effect of dietary salt on glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus. J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 1865–1871, 2002.
80. Van Liew JB, Deetjen P, Boylan JW. Glucose reabsorption in the rat kidney. Pflügers Arch 295: 232–244, 1967.
81. Warnock DG, Burg MB. Urinary acidification: CO2 transport by the rabbit proximal straight tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 232: F20–F25, 1977.
82. Warnock DG, Yee VJ. Anion permeabilities of the isolated perfused rabbit proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 242: F395–F405, 1982.
83. Weinstein AM. Osmotic diuresis in a mathematical model of the rat proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 250: F874–F884, 1986.
84. Weinstein AM. A mathematical model of rat collecting duct. III. Paradigms for distal acidification defects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283: F1267–F1280, 2002.
85. Weinstein AM. A mathematical model of rat distal convoluted tubule. I. Cotransporter function in early DCT. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F699–F720, 2005.
86. Weinstein AM. A mathematical model of rat ascending Henle limb. III. Tubular function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F543–F556, 2010.
87. Weinstein AM. Potassium excretion during antinatriuresis: perspective from a distal nephron model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302: F658–F673, 2012.
88. Weinstein AM, Weinbaum S, Duan Y, Du Z, Yan Q, Wong T. Flow-dependent transport in a mathematical model of rat proximal tubule. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1164–F1181, 2007.
89. Wexler AS, Kalaba RE, Marsh DJ. Three-dimensional anatomy and renal concentrating mechanism. I. Modeling results. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 260: F368–F383, 1991.
90. Work J, Troutman SL, Schafer JA. Transport of potassium in the rabbit pars recta. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 242: F226–F237, 1982.