Efficiency optimization by considering the high-voltage flyback transformer parasitics using an automatic winding layout technique

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Volumn 30, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 5755-5768

  Thummala, Prasanth ^a   Schneider, Henrik ^a   Zhang, Zhe ^a   Ouyang, Ziwei ^a   Knott, Arnold ^a   Andersen, Michael A E ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

dielectric films; high voltage dc dc power converter; switched mode power supply

Indexed keywords

DC POWER TRANSMISSION; DC TRANSFORMERS; DC-DC CONVERTERS; DIELECTRIC FILMS; ELECTRIC WINDINGS; ENERGY DISSIPATION; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; POWER CONVERTERS; SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES; TRANSFORMER WINDINGS; WINDING;

CHARGE AND DISCHARGE; CONVERTER EFFICIENCY; EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION; ENERGY LOSS DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH VOLTAGE DC; HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS; OPTIMIZATION ROUTINE; OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES;

HVDC POWER TRANSMISSION;

EID: 84930665035     PISSN: 08858993     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2379439     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (46)

1. Y. Bar-Cohen, Electroactive Polymer [EAP] Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality, Potential, and Challenges, 2nd ed. Washington, DC, USA: SPIE, 2004.
2. R. E. Pelrine, R. D. Kornbluh, Q. Pei, and J. P. Joseph, "High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%," Science, vol. 287, pp. 836-839, 2000.
3. F. Carpi, D. DE Rossi, R. Kornbluh, R. Pelrine, and P. Sommer-Larsen, Eds., Dielectric Elastomer as Electromechanical Transducers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2008.
4. Danfoss PolyPower, Nordborg, Denmark. (2014, Oct. 16). [Online] Available: http://www.polypower.com/
5. M. Tryson, H. E. Kiil, and M. Benslimane, "Powerful tubular core free dielectric electro active polymer (DEAP) push actuator," Proc. SPIE, vol. 7287, pp. 72871F-1-72871F-11, 2009.
6. R. Sarban, B. Lassen, and M. Willatzen, "Dynamic electromechanical modeling of dielectric elastomer actuators with metallic electrodes," IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 960-967, Oct. 2012.
7. P. Thummala, H. Schneider, Z. Zhang, M. A. E. Andersen, and R. Sarban, "A new incremental actuator based on electro active polymer: Conceptual, control and driver design considerations," IEEE/ASME Trans.Mechatronics, submitted for publication.
8. P. Thummala, Z. Zhang, M. A. E. Andersen, and S. Rahimullah, "Dielectric electro active polymer incremental actuator driven by multiple high-voltage bi-directional DC-DC converters," in Proc. IEEE Energy Convers. Congr. Expo. USA, 2013, pp. 3837-3844.
9. R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2001.
10. J. Elmes, C. Jourdan, O. Abdel-Rahman, and I. Batarseh, "High-voltage, high-power-density DC-DC converter for capacitor charging applications," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2009, pp. 433-439.
11. T. Andersen, M. S. Rødgaard, O. C. Thomsen, and M. A. E. Andersen, "Low voltage driven dielectric electro active polymer actuator with integrated piezoelectric transformer based driver," Proc. SPIE, vol. 7976, 2011, pp. 72871F-1-72871F-11.
12. S. K. Chung and H. B. Shin, "High-voltage power supply for semi-Active suspension system with ER-fluid damper," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 206-214, Jan. 2004.
13. L. Eitzen, T Hoffstadt, and J. Maas, "Power electronics concepts for driving EAP actuators," Proc. SPIE, Electroactive Polymer Actuators Devices, 2013, pp. 86870D-1-86870D-13.
14. K. Venkatesan, "Current mode controlled bidirectional flyback converter," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1989, pp. 835-842.
15. G. Chen, Y.-S. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui, D. Xu, and Y. Wang, "Actively clamped bidirectional flyback converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 770-779, Aug. 2000.
16. T. Bhattacharya, V. S. Giri, K. Mathew, and L. Umanand, "Multiphase bidirectional flyback converter topology for hybrid electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 78-84, Jan. 2009.
17. M. Karpelson, G. Y. Wei, and R. J. Wood, "Driving high voltage piezoelectric actuators in microrobotic applications," Sensors Actuators A, vol. 176, pp. 78-89, 2012.
18. F. Zhang and Y. Yan, "Novel forward-flyback hybrid bidirectional DC-DC converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1578-1584, May 2009.
19. P. Thummala, Z. Zhang, and M. A. E. Andersen, "High voltage Bidirectional flyback converter for capacitive actuator," in Proc. IEEE Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., 2013, pp. 1-10.
20. P. Thummala, H. Schneider, Z. Ouyang, Z. Zhang, andM. A. E. Andersen, "Estimation of transformer parameters and loss analysis for high voltage capacitor charging application," in Proc. IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder Conf., 2013, pp. 704-710.
21. C.W. T. McLyman, Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Marcel Dekker, 2004.
22. W. G. Hurley and W. H. Wolfle, Transformers and Inductors for Power Electronics: Theory, Design and Applications, 1st ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2013.
23. M. Kazimierczuk, High-Frequency Magnetic Components, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2014.
24. P. Thummala, H. Schneider, Z. Zhang, A. Knott, and M. A. E. Andersen, "Optimization of a bi-directional flyback converter for a high voltage capacitor charging application," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2014, pp. 2556-2563.
25. H. Schneider, P. Thummala, L. Huang, A. Knott, Z. Zhang, and M. A. E. Andersen, "Investigation of transformer winding architectures for high voltage capacitor charging applications," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2014, pp. 334-341.
26. P. Thummala, D. Maksimovic, Z. Zhang, and M. A. E. Andersen, "Digital control of a high-voltage (2.5 kV) bidirectional DC-DC converter for driving a dielectric electro active polymer (DEAP) based capacitive actuator," in Proc. IEEE Energy Conver. Cong. Expo. USA, Sep. 14-18, 2014, pp. 3435-3442.
27. N. O. Sokal and R. Redl, "Control algorithms and circuit designs for optimal flyback-charging of an energy storage capacitor (e.g., for flash lamp or defibrillator)," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 885-894, Sep. 1997.
28. R. Prieto, J. A. Cobos, O. Garcia, R. Asensi, and J. Uceda, "Optimizing the winding strategy of the transformer in a flyback converter," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 1996, pp. 1456-1462.
29. C. R. Sullivan, T. Abdallah, and T. Fujiwara, "Optimization of a flyback transformer winding considering two-dimensional field effects, cost and loss," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2001, pp.116-122.
30. H. K. Sang, D. Maksimovic, and I. Cohen, "Efficiency optimization in digitally controlled flyback DC-DC converters over wide ranges of operating conditions," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 3734-3748, Aug. 2012.
31. A. C. Nanakos, E. C. Tatakis, and N. P Papanikolaou, "A weightedefficiency-oriented design methodology of flyback inverter for AC photovoltaic modules," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3221-3233, Jul. 2012.
32. X. Zhou, T. G. Wang, and F. C. Lee, "Optimizing design for low voltage DC-DC converters," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., 2007, pp. 612-616.
33. U. Badstuebner, J. Biela, and J. W. Kolar, "An optimized, 99% efficient, 5 kW, phase-shift PWM DC-DC converter for data centers and telecom applications," in Proc. IEEE Int. Power Electron. Conf., Jun. 21-24, 2010, pp. 626-634.
34. J. Biela, U. Badstuebner, and J. W. Kolar, "Impact of power density maximization on efficiency of DC-DC converter systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 288-300, Jan. 2009.
35. E. C. Snelling, Soft Ferrites-Properties and Applications, 2nd ed. London, U.K.: Butterworth, 1988.
36. L. Dalessandro, F. da Silveira Cavalcante, and J. W. Kolar, "Selfcapacitance of high-voltage transformers," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 2081-2092, Sep. 2007.
37. J. Biela and J. W. Kolar, "Using transformer parasitics for resonant converters-A review of the calculation of the stray capacitance of transformers," IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 223-233, Jan./Feb. 2008.
38. W. G. Hurley, E. Gath, and J. G. Breslin, "Optimizing the AC resistance of multilayer transformer windings with arbitrary current waveforms," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 369-376, Mar. 2000.
39. J. A. Ferreira, "Improved analytical modeling of conductive losses in magnetic components," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 127-131, Jan. 1994.
40. J. Vandelac and P. D. Ziogas, "A novel approach for minimizing highfrequency transformer copper losses," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 266-277, Jul. 1988.
41. S. H. Kang, "Efficiency optimization in digitally controlled flyback DCDC converters over wide ranges of operating conditions," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Electr., Comput. Energy Eng., Univ. Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 2011.
42. LT3751 datasheet. (2014, Oct. 16). High voltage capacitor charger controller with regulation. Linear Technology Corporation, Milpitas, CA, USA. [Online]. Available: http://cds.linear.com/docs/en/datasheet/3751fc.pdf
43. K. Venkatachalam, C. R. Sullivan, T. Abdallah, and H. Tacca, "Accurate prediction of ferrite cores loss with nonsinusoidal waveforms using only Steinmetz parameters," in Proc. IEEEWorkshop Comput. Power Electron., 2002, pp. 36-41.
44. M. T. Zhang, M. M. Jovanovic, and F. C. Lee, "Design considerations and performance evaluations of synchronous rectification in flyback converters," in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., Feb. 1997, pp. 623-630.
45. C. P. Basso, Switch-Mode Power Supplies-Spice Simulations And Practical Designs, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
46. Furukawa webpag. (2014, Oct. 16). Triple insulated wire: Standard type TEX-E. Furukawa Electric,Tokyo, Japan. [Online]. Available: http://www.furukawa.co.jp/makisen/eng/product/texeseries.htm