Gateway effects: Why the cited evidence does not upport their existence for low-risk tobacco products (and what evidence would)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 5439-5464

  Phillips, Carl V ^a  

^a The Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association   (United States)

Author keywords

Causation; Cross sectional data analysis; E cigarettes; Gateway hypothesis; Hypothesis testing; Scientific inference; Smokeless tobacco; Testimonial evidence; Tobacco harm reduction

Indexed keywords

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; HEALTH IMPACT; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; RESEARCH WORK; SMOKING; TOBACCO;

ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; HARM REDUCTION; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; PREVALENCE; PROPENSITY SCORE; PUBLIC HEALTH; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; CAUSALITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

NICOTIANA TABACUM;

BAYES THEOREM; CAUSALITY; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES; HARM REDUCTION; HUMANS; PROPENSITY SCORE; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO; TOBACCO INDUSTRY; TOBACCO USE DISORDER; TOBACCO, SMOKELESS;

EID: 84930664214     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505439     Document Type: Article

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