메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 317-340

A Statistical Test for Differential Item Pair Functioning

Author keywords

differential item functioning; identifiability; item response theory; Rasch model

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; HUMAN; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOMETRY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; THEORETICAL MODEL;

EID: 84930657805     PISSN: 00333123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11336-014-9408-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (43)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 84988072859 scopus 로고
    • A didactic explanation of item bias, impact, and item validity from a multidimensional perspective
    • Ackerman, T. (1992). A didactic explanation of item bias, impact, and item validity from a multidimensional perspective. Journal of Educational Measurement, 29, 67–91.
    • (1992) Journal of Educational Measurement , vol.29 , pp. 67-91
    • Ackerman, T.1
  • 2
    • 0002686036 scopus 로고
    • The numerical solution to a set of conditional estimation equations
    • Andersen, E. B. (1972). The numerical solution to a set of conditional estimation equations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 34, 283–301.
    • (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B , vol.34 , pp. 283-301
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 3
    • 0000230798 scopus 로고
    • A goodness of fit test for the rasch model
    • Andersen, E. B. (1973b). A goodness of fit test for the rasch model. Psychometrika, 38, 123–140.
    • (1973) Psychometrika , vol.38 , pp. 123-140
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 4
    • 0002816130 scopus 로고
    • Sufficient statistics and latent trait models
    • Andersen, E. B. (1977). Sufficient statistics and latent trait models. Psychometrika, 42, 69–81.
    • (1977) Psychometrika , vol.42 , pp. 69-81
    • Andersen, E.B.1
  • 5
    • 0001786673 scopus 로고
    • Use of diffculty and discrimination indices for detecting item bias
    • Berk RA, (ed), John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Angoff, W. H. (1982). Use of diffculty and discrimination indices for detecting item bias. In R. A. Berk (Ed.), Handbook of methods for detecting item bias (pp. 96–116). Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
    • (1982) Handbook of methods for detecting item bias , pp. 96-116
    • Angoff, W.H.1
  • 6
    • 0002635020 scopus 로고
    • Perspective on differential item functioning methodology
    • Holland PW, Wainer H, (eds), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Angoff, W. H. (1993). Perspective on differential item functioning methodology. In P. W. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 3–24). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1993) Differential item functioning , pp. 3-24
    • Angoff, W.H.1
  • 8
    • 0001670658 scopus 로고
    • Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee’s ability
    • Lord FM, Novick MR, (eds), Addison-Wesley, Reading
    • Birnbaum, A. (1968). Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee’s ability. In F. M. Lord & M. R. Novick (Eds.), Statistical theories of mental test scores (pp. 395–479). Reading: Addison-Wesley.
    • (1968) Statistical theories of mental test scores , pp. 395-479
    • Birnbaum, A.1
  • 9
    • 0036286592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monte carlo comparison of parametric and nonparametric polytomous DIF detection methods
    • Bold, D. M. (2002). A monte carlo comparison of parametric and nonparametric polytomous DIF detection methods. Applied Measurement in Education, 15, 113–141.
    • (2002) Applied Measurement in Education , vol.15 , pp. 113-141
    • Bold, D.M.1
  • 10
    • 0009371553 scopus 로고
    • The case against item bias detection techniques based on internal criteria: Do test bias procedures obscure test fairness issues?
    • Holland PW, Wainer H, (eds), Lawrence Earlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Camilli, G. (1993). The case against item bias detection techniques based on internal criteria: Do test bias procedures obscure test fairness issues? In P. W. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 397–413). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
    • (1993) Differential item functioning , pp. 397-413
    • Camilli, G.1
  • 11
    • 84965853871 scopus 로고
    • An iterative procedure for linking metrics and assessing item bias in item response theory
    • Candell, G. L., & Drasgow, F. (1988). An iterative procedure for linking metrics and assessing item bias in item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12, 253–260.
    • (1988) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.12 , pp. 253-260
    • Candell, G.L.1    Drasgow, F.2
  • 12
    • 62949223903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Random IRT models
    • De Boeck, P. (2008). Random IRT models. Psychometrika, 73(4), 533–559.
    • (2008) Psychometrika , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 533-559
    • De Boeck, P.1
  • 13
    • 78650430278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I error inflation for detecting DIF in the presence of impact
    • DeMars, C. (2010). Type I error inflation for detecting DIF in the presence of impact. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70, 961972.
    • (2010) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.70 , pp. 961972
    • DeMars, C.1
  • 14
    • 0001888006 scopus 로고
    • DIF detection and description: Mantel-Haenszel and standardization
    • Holland PW, Wainer H, (eds), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Dorans, N. J., & Holland, P. W. (1993). DIF detection and description: Mantel-Haenszel and standardization. In P. W. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 35–66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1993) Differential item functioning , pp. 35-66
    • Dorans, N.J.1    Holland, P.W.2
  • 15
    • 84963132932 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of bias review judges in identifying teacher certification tests
    • Engelhard, G. (1989). Accuracy of bias review judges in identifying teacher certification tests. Applied Measurement in Education, 3, 347–360.
    • (1989) Applied Measurement in Education , vol.3 , pp. 347-360
    • Engelhard, G.1
  • 16
    • 51049114713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anomalous type I error rates for identifying one type of differential item functioning in the presence of the other
    • Finch, H. W., & French, B. F. (2008). Anomalous type I error rates for identifying one type of differential item functioning in the presence of the other. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68(5), 742–759.
    • (2008) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 742-759
    • Finch, H.W.1    French, B.F.2
  • 17
    • 0003545495 scopus 로고
    • Verlag Hans Huber, Bern: (Introduction to the theory of psychological tests.)
    • Fischer, G. H. (1974). Einfuhrung in die theorie psychologischer tests. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber. (Introduction to the theory of psychological tests.).
    • (1974) Einfuhrung in die theorie psychologischer tests
    • Fischer, G.H.1
  • 18
    • 84892486558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rasch models
    • Rao CR, Sinharay S, (eds), 26, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Fischer, G. H. (2007). Rasch models. In C. R. Rao & S. Sinharay (Eds.), Handbook of statistics: Psychometrics (Vol. 26, pp. 515–585). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
    • (2007) Handbook of statistics: Psychometrics , pp. 515-585
    • Fischer, G.H.1
  • 19
    • 0006667352 scopus 로고
    • Consistency and identifiability
    • Gabrielsen, A. (1978). Consistency and identifiability. Journal of Econometrics, 8, 261–263.
    • (1978) Journal of Econometrics , vol.8 , pp. 261-263
    • Gabrielsen, A.1
  • 20
    • 4644333834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of SIBTEST when the percentage of DIF items is large
    • Gierl, M., Gotzmann, A., & Boughton, K. A. (2004). Performance of SIBTEST when the percentage of DIF items is large. Applied Measurement in Education, 17, 241–264.
    • (2004) Applied Measurement in Education , vol.17 , pp. 241-264
    • Gierl, M.1    Gotzmann, A.2    Boughton, K.A.3
  • 22
    • 0032360963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of differential item functioning using Lagrange multiplier tests
    • Glas, C. A. W. (1998). Detection of differential item functioning using Lagrange multiplier tests. Statistica Sinica, 8, 647–667.
    • (1998) Statistica Sinica , vol.8 , pp. 647-667
    • Glas, C.A.W.1
  • 25
    • 0002954125 scopus 로고
    • Robust estimates, residuals, and outlier detection with multiresponse data
    • Gnanadesikan, R., & Kettenring, J. R. (1972). Robust estimates, residuals, and outlier detection with multiresponse data. Biometrics, 28, 81–124.
    • (1972) Biometrics , vol.28 , pp. 81-124
    • Gnanadesikan, R.1    Kettenring, J.R.2
  • 26
    • 28844436537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant latent odds-ratios models and the Mantel-Haenszel null hypothesis
    • Hessen, D. J. (2005). Constant latent odds-ratios models and the Mantel-Haenszel null hypothesis. Psychometrika, 70, 497–516.
    • (2005) Psychometrika , vol.70 , pp. 497-516
    • Hessen, D.J.1
  • 27
    • 84976959244 scopus 로고
    • Differential item performance and the Mantel-Haenszel procedure
    • Wainer H, Braun HI, (eds), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdal, NJ
    • Holland, P., & Thayer, D. T. (1988). Differential item performance and the Mantel-Haenszel procedure. In H. Wainer & H. I. Braun (Eds.), Test validity (pp. 129–145). Hillsdal, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1988) Test validity , pp. 129-145
    • Holland, P.1    Thayer, D.T.2
  • 28
    • 0002294347 scopus 로고
    • A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedur
    • Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedur. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6, 65–70.
    • (1979) Scandinavian Journal of Statistics , vol.6 , pp. 65-70
    • Holm, S.1
  • 29
    • 0040620288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating Type I error and power rates using an effect size measure with the logistic regression procedure for DIF detection
    • Jodoin, G. M., & Gierl, M. J. (2001). Evaluating Type I error and power rates using an effect size measure with the logistic regression procedure for DIF detection. Applied Measurement in Education, 14, 329–349.
    • (2001) Applied Measurement in Education , vol.14 , pp. 329-349
    • Jodoin, G.M.1    Gierl, M.J.2
  • 30
    • 0010965008 scopus 로고
    • A study of item bias, using item characteristic curve theory
    • Poortinga YH, (ed), Lawrence Earl- baum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Lord, F. M. (1977). A study of item bias, using item characteristic curve theory. In Y. H. Poortinga (Ed.), Basic problems in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 19–29). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earl- baum Associates.
    • (1977) Basic problems in cross-cultural psychology , pp. 19-29
    • Lord, F.M.1
  • 32
    • 77957723379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general framework and an R package for the detection of dichtomous differential item functioning
    • PID: 20805607
    • Magis, D., Beland, S., Tuerlinckx, F., & De Boeck, P. (2010). A general framework and an R package for the detection of dichtomous differential item functioning. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 847–862.
    • (2010) Behavior Research Methods , vol.42 , pp. 847-862
    • Magis, D.1    Beland, S.2    Tuerlinckx, F.3    De Boeck, P.4
  • 33
    • 84859034213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A robust outlier approach to prevent type i error inflation in differential item functioning
    • Magis, D., & Boeck, P. De. (2012). A robust outlier approach to prevent type i error inflation in differential item functioning. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72, 291–311.
    • (2012) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.72 , pp. 291-311
    • Magis, D.1    Boeck, P.D.2
  • 34
    • 84874543803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Item purification does not always improve DIF detection: A coun- terexample with Angoff’s Delta plot
    • Magis, D., & Facon, B. (2013). Item purification does not always improve DIF detection: A coun- terexample with Angoff’s Delta plot. Journal of Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73, 293–311.
    • (2013) Journal of Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.73 , pp. 293-311
    • Magis, D.1    Facon, B.2
  • 36
    • 67649360318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scoring open ended questions
    • Rao CR, Sinharay S, (eds), 26, Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Maris, G., & Bechger, T. M. (2007). Scoring open ended questions. In C. R. Rao & S. Sinharay (Eds.), Handbook of statistics: Psychometrics (Vol. 26, pp. 663–680). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2007) Handbook of statistics: Psychometrics , pp. 663-680
    • Maris, G.1    Bechger, T.M.2
  • 37
    • 84870823708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On interpreting the model parameters for the three parameter logistic model
    • Maris, G., & Bechger, T. M. (2009). On interpreting the model parameters for the three parameter logistic model. Measurement, 7, 75–88.
    • (2009) Measurement , vol.7 , pp. 75-88
    • Maris, G.1    Bechger, T.M.2
  • 38
    • 0000261668 scopus 로고
    • A Rasch model for partial credit scoring
    • Masters, G. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47, 149–175.
    • (1982) Psychometrika , vol.47 , pp. 149-175
    • Masters, G.1
  • 39
    • 0001765999 scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of manifest variables in the detection of measurement bias
    • Meredith, W., & Millsap, R. E. (1992). On the misuse of manifest variables in the detection of measurement bias. Psychomettrika, 57, 289–311.
    • (1992) Psychomettrika , vol.57 , pp. 289-311
    • Meredith, W.1    Millsap, R.E.2
  • 40
    • 34547998883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential item functioning and bias
    • Rao CR, Sinharay S, (eds), 26, Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Penfield, R. D., & Camelli, G. (2007). Differential item functioning and bias. In C. R. Rao & S. Sinharay (Eds.), Psychometrics (Vol. 26). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (2007) Psychometrics
    • Penfield, R.D.1    Camelli, G.2
  • 41
    • 0035621824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests for the Rasch model
    • Ponocny, I. (2001). Nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests for the Rasch model. Psychometrika, 66, 437–460.
    • (2001) Psychometrika , vol.66 , pp. 437-460
    • Ponocny, I.1
  • 42
    • 0000003370 scopus 로고
    • The area between two item characteristic curves
    • Raju, N. (1988). The area between two item characteristic curves. Psychometrika, 53, 495–502.
    • (1988) Psychometrika , vol.53 , pp. 495-502
    • Raju, N.1
  • 43
    • 84970696541 scopus 로고
    • Determining the significance of estimated signed and unsigned areas between two item response functions
    • Raju, N. (1990). Determining the significance of estimated signed and unsigned areas between two item response functions. Applied Pschological Measurement, 14, 197–207.
    • (1990) Applied Pschological Measurement , vol.14 , pp. 197-207
    • Raju, N.1
  • 45
    • 0003769811 scopus 로고
    • The Danish Institute of Educational Research, Copenhagen: (Expanded edition, 1980. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press)
    • Rasch, G. (1960). Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests. Copenhagen: The Danish Institute of Educational Research. (Expanded edition, 1980. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press).
    • (1960) Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests
    • Rasch, G.1
  • 46
    • 84930682192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software manual]. Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from (ISBN 3-900051-07-0)
    • R Development Core Team. (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software manual]. Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/ (ISBN 3-900051-07-0)
  • 47
    • 84863204960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identified parameters, parameters of interest and their relationships
    • San Martin, E., González, J., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2009). Identified parameters, parameters of interest and their relationships. Measurement, 7, 97–105.
    • (2009) Measurement , vol.7 , pp. 97-105
    • San Martin, E.1    González, J.2    Tuerlinckx, F.3
  • 50
    • 84930666373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the unidentifiability of the fixed-effects 3PL model
    • San Martín, E., González, J., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2014). On the unidentifiability of the fixed-effects 3PL model. Psychometrika, 78(2), 341–379.
    • (2014) Psychometrika , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-379
    • San Martín, E.1    González, J.2    Tuerlinckx, F.3
  • 51
    • 21144479363 scopus 로고
    • A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group differences and detects test bias/DIF as well as item bias/DIF
    • Shealy, R., & Stout, W. F. (1993). A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group differences and detects test bias/DIF as well as item bias/DIF. PSychometrika, 58, 159–194.
    • (1993) PSychometrika , vol.58 , pp. 159-194
    • Shealy, R.1    Stout, W.F.2
  • 53
    • 33750978441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting differential item functioning with CFA and IRT: Towards a unified strategy
    • Stark, S., Chernyshenko, O. S., & Drasgow, F. (2006). Detecting differential item functioning with CFA and IRT: Towards a unified strategy. Journal of Applied Psychology, 19, 1292–1306.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 1292-1306
    • Stark, S.1    Chernyshenko, O.S.2    Drasgow, F.3
  • 54
    • 0037004221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometrics: From practice to theory and back
    • Stout, W. (2002). Psychometrics: From practice to theory and back. Psychometrika, 67, 485–518.
    • (2002) Psychometrika , vol.67 , pp. 485-518
    • Stout, W.1
  • 55
    • 84988120749 scopus 로고
    • Detecting differential item functioning using logistic regression procedures
    • Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H. J. (1990). Detecting differential item functioning using logistic regression procedures. Journal of Educational Measurement, 27, 361–370.
    • (1990) Journal of Educational Measurement , vol.27 , pp. 361-370
    • Swaminathan, H.1    Rogers, H.J.2
  • 56
    • 78650138347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using mixed-measurement item response theory with covariates (mm-irt-c) to ascertain observed and unobserved measurement equivalence
    • Tay, L., Newman, D. A., & Vermunt, J. K. (2011). Using mixed-measurement item response theory with covariates (mm-irt-c) to ascertain observed and unobserved measurement equivalence. Organizational Research Method, 14, 147–155.
    • (2011) Organizational Research Method , vol.14 , pp. 147-155
    • Tay, L.1    Newman, D.A.2    Vermunt, J.K.3
  • 57
    • 33750353591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different approaches to differential item functioning in health applications: Advantages, disadvantages and some neglected topics
    • Teresi, J. A. (2006). Different approaches to differential item functioning in health applications: Advantages, disadvantages and some neglected topics. Medical Care, 44, 152–170.
    • (2006) Medical Care , vol.44 , pp. 152-170
    • Teresi, J.A.1
  • 59
    • 0000382846 scopus 로고
    • Use of item response theory in the study of group difference in trace lines. In H. Wainer & H. Braun (Eds.)
    • Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Thissen, D., Steinberg, L., & Wainer, H. (1988). Use of item response theory in the study of group difference in trace lines. In H. Wainer & H. Braun (Eds.), Validity. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1988) Validity
    • Thissen, D.1    Steinberg, L.2    Wainer, H.3
  • 60
    • 0001935002 scopus 로고
    • Detection of differential item functioning using the parameters of item response models
    • Holland P, Wainer H, (eds), Lawrence Earlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Thissen, D., Steinberg, L., & Wainer, H. (1993). Detection of differential item functioning using the parameters of item response models. In P. Holland & H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 67–114). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum.
    • (1993) Differential item functioning , pp. 67-114
    • Thissen, D.1    Steinberg, L.2    Wainer, H.3
  • 61
    • 84930629091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monte carlo study investigating the in uence of item discrimination, category intersection parameters
    • Unpublished doctoral dissertation: Georgia State University
    • Thurman, C. J. (2009). A monte carlo study investigating the in uence of item discrimination, category intersection parameters, and differential item functioning in polytomous items. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University.
    • (2009) and differential item functioning in polytomous items
    • Thurman, C.J.1
  • 63
    • 84930672522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verhelst, N. D. (1993). On the standard errors of parameter estimators in the Rasch model (Mea- surement and Research Department Reports No. 93–1). Arnhem: Cito.
    • Verhelst, N. D. (1993). On the standard errors of parameter estimators in the Rasch model (Mea- surement and Research Department Reports No. 93–1). Arnhem: Cito.
  • 64
    • 62949116049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effcient MCMC-algorithm to sample binary matrices with fixed marginals
    • Verhelst, N. D. (2008). An effcient MCMC-algorithm to sample binary matrices with fixed marginals. Psychometrika, 73, 705–728.
    • (2008) Psychometrika , vol.73 , pp. 705-728
    • Verhelst, N.D.1
  • 65
    • 0009401853 scopus 로고
    • Psychometrische en statistische aspecten van peiling- sonderzoek (PPON-rapport No
    • Arnhem: CITO
    • Verhelst, N. D., & Eggen, T. J. H. M. (1989). Psychometrische en statistische aspecten van peiling- sonderzoek (PPON-rapport No. 4). Arnhem: CITO.
    • (1989) 4)
    • Verhelst, N.D.1    Eggen, T.J.H.M.2
  • 67
    • 0003472197 scopus 로고
    • Computer program and manual [Computer software manual], Arnhem
    • Verhelst, N. D., Glas, C. A. W., & Verstralen, H. H. F. M. (1994). OPLM: Computer program and manual [Computer software manual]. Arnhem.
    • (1994) OPLM
    • Verhelst, N.D.1    Glas, C.A.W.2    Verstralen, H.H.F.M.3
  • 69
    • 56549115118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some considerations on the partial credit model
    • Verhelst, N. D., & Verstralen, H. H. F. M. (2008). Some considerations on the partial credit model. Psicológica, 29, 229–254.
    • (2008) Psicológica , vol.29 , pp. 229-254
    • Verhelst, N.D.1    Verstralen, H.H.F.M.2
  • 70
    • 69949096760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A uniffed approach to IRT scale linking and scale transformations
    • von Davier, M., & von Davier, A. A. (2007). A uniffed approach to IRT scale linking and scale transformations. Methodology, 3(3), 1614–1881.
    • (2007) Methodology , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 1614-1881
    • von Davier, M.1    von Davier, A.A.2
  • 71
    • 84925623234 scopus 로고
    • tests of statistical hypotheses concerning several parameters when the number of observations is large
    • Wald, A. (1943). tests of statistical hypotheses concerning several parameters when the number of observations is large. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 54, 426–482.
    • (1943) Transactions of the American Mathematical Society , vol.54 , pp. 426-482
    • Wald, A.1
  • 72
    • 2442624864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anchor item methods on the detection of differential item functioning within the family of rasch models
    • Wang, W.-C. (2004). Effects of anchor item methods on the detection of differential item functioning within the family of rasch models. The Journal of Experimental Education, 72(3), 221–261.
    • (2004) The Journal of Experimental Education , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-261
    • Wang, W.-C.1
  • 73
    • 84863578806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DIF-free-then-DIF strategy for the assessment of differential item functioning
    • Wang, W.-C., Shih, C.-L., & Sun, G.-W. (2012). The DIF-free-then-DIF strategy for the assessment of differential item functioning. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 74, 1–22.
    • (2012) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.74
    • Wang, W.-C.1    Shih, C.-L.2    Sun, G.-W.3
  • 74
    • 0345581718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anchor item methods on differential item functioning whith the likelihood ratio test
    • Wang, W.-C., & Yeh, Y.-L. (2003). Effects of anchor item methods on differential item functioning whith the likelihood ratio test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 27(6), 479–498.
    • (2003) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 479-498
    • Wang, W.-C.1    Yeh, Y.-L.2
  • 75
    • 0642307777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ”unbiased” anchor: Bridging the gap between DIF and item bias
    • Williams, V. S. L. (1997). The ”unbiased” anchor: Bridging the gap between DIF and item bias. Applied Measurement in Education, 10(3), 253–267.
    • (1997) Applied Measurement in Education , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-267
    • Williams, V.S.L.1
  • 76
    • 21844504047 scopus 로고
    • Rasch models for item bundles
    • Wilson, M., & Adams, R. (1995). Rasch models for item bundles. Psychometrika, 60, 181–198.
    • (1995) Psychometrika , vol.60 , pp. 181-198
    • Wilson, M.1    Adams, R.2
  • 77
    • 84930682695 scopus 로고
    • Detecting and correcting item bias with a logistic response model. (Tech. Rep.)
    • Statistical Laboratory: University of Chicago
    • Wright, B. D., Mead, R., & Draba, R. (1976). Detecting and correcting item bias with a logistic response model. (Tech. Rep.). Department of Education, Statistical Laboratory: University of Chicago.
    • (1976) Department of Education
    • Wright, B.D.1    Mead, R.2    Draba, R.3
  • 78
    • 84977033741 scopus 로고
    • Pairwise parameter estimation in Rasch models
    • Zwinderman, A. H. (1995). Pairwise parameter estimation in Rasch models. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19, 369–375.
    • (1995) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.19 , pp. 369-375
    • Zwinderman, A.H.1
  • 79
    • 84888774451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional statistical inference with multistage testing designs, Psychometrika
    • Zwitser, R., & Maris, G. (2013). Conditional statistical inference with multistage testing designs. Psychometrika. doi:10.1007/s11336-013-9369-6.
    • (2013) & Maris, G
    • Zwitser, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.