Epidemiology of cervical cancer with special focus on India

International Journal of Women's Health

Volumn 7, Issue , 2015, Pages 405-414

  Sreedevi, Aswathy ^a   Javed, Reshma ^a   Dinesh, Avani ^a  

^a AMRITA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Cervical cancer; Epidemiology; HPV; India; Prevention; Screening

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AWARENESS; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER PREVENTION; CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION; CONCURRENT SEXUAL PARTNERSHIP; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INDIA; MALNUTRITION; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PRIMARY PREVENTION; RISK FACTOR; SEXUAL ABSTINENCE; TREND STUDY; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER;

EID: 84930613622     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11791411     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S50001     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Denny L. Cervical cancer: prevention and treatment. Discov Med. 2012;14:125–131.
2. Satija A. Cervical cancer in India. South Asia centre for chronic disease. Available from: http://sancd.org/uploads/pdf/cervical_cancer.pdf. Accessed February16, 2014.
3. Arbyn M, Castellsague X, DeSanjose S, et al. Worldwide burden of cervical cancer. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:2675–2686.
4. Yeole BB, Kumar AV, Kurkureet A, Sunny L. Population-based survival from cancers of breast, cervix and ovary in women in Mumbai. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004;5:308–315.
5. ICO Information Centre on HPV and cancer. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in India (Summary Report 2014-08-22); 2014.
6. National Cancer Control Programme. Available from: http://www.mohfw.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=324. Accessed July 16, 2014.
7. National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke. Available from: http://www.nrhmhp.gov.in/sites/default/files/files/NCD_Guidelines.pdf. Accessed July 15, 2014.
8. Gakidou E, Stella N, Ziad O. Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. PloS Med. 2009;5:e132.
9. Aswathy S, Quereshi MA, Kurian B, Leelamoni K. Cervical cancer screening: current knowledge and practice among women in a rural population of Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(2):205–210.
10. Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1385–1394.
11. Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Ramkumar R, et al. Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu: A cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;370:398–406.
12. Dutta S, Biswas N, Mukheriee G. Evaluation of sociodemographic factors for non compliance to treatment in locally advanced cases of cancer cervix in a rural medical college hospital in India. Indian J of Palliat Care. 2013;19(3):158–165.
13. Nandakumar A, Ramnath T, Chaturvedi M. The magnitude of cancer cervix in India. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130(3):219–221.
14. World – both sexes estimated incidence by age. Available from: http://www.globocan.iarc.fr/old/age_specific_table_r.asp? Accessed October 30, 2014.
15. National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, National Cancer Registry Programme, ICMR. Three Year Report of Population Based Registries, 2009–2011. Bangalore, India: NCDIR-NCRP (ICMR); 2014.
16. National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, National Cancer Registry Programme, ICMR. Time Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates, 1982–2010. Bangalore, India: NCDIR-NCRP (ICMR); 2013.
17. Dhillon PK, Yeole BB, Dikshit R, et al. Trends in breast, ovarian and cervical cancer incidence in Mumbai, India over a 30-year period, 1976–2005: an age-period-cohort analysis. Br J Cancer. 2011;105(5):723–730.
18. Chhabra S, Bhavani M, Mahajan N, et al. Cervical cancer in Indian rural women: trends over two decades. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(7):725–728.
19. Hussain MA, Pati S, Swain S, et al. Pattern and trends of cancer in Odisha, India: a retrospective study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(12):6333–6336.
20. Smith PG, Kinlen LJ, White GC, et al. Carcinoma of penis and cervix. Lancet. 1980;2(8191):417.
21. Solomon S, Kumaraswamy N, Ganesh AK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in rural and urban areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:98–103.
22. Sankaranarayanan R, Budukh AM, Rajkumar R. Effective screening programs for cervical cancer in low and middle income developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:954–962.
23. International agency for research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Human Papilloma Virus. Vol. 90. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2007.
24. Sowjanya AP, Jain M, Poli UR, et al. Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;5:116.
25. Kulkarni SS, Kulkarni SS, Vastrad PP, et al. Prevalence and distribution of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) Types 16 and 18 in Carcinoma of cervix, saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and in the general population in Karnataka, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(3):645–648.
26. Gheit T, Vaccarella S, Schmitt M, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus types in cervical and oral cancers in central India. Vaccine. 2009;27(5):636–639.
27. Basu P, Roychowdhury S, Bafna UD, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical cancer in India: results from a multi-center study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2009;10(1):27–34.
28. Bhatla N, Lal N, Bao YP, et al. A meta-analysis of human papillomavirus type-distribution in women from South Asia: implications for vaccination. Vaccine. 2008;26(23):2811–2817.
29. Disease Specific Documents for XII plan. Human Papilloma Virus ICMR: High power Committee to Evaluate Performance of ICMR, 2012–2013. New Delhi, India: ICMR; 2014.
30. Srivastava S, Gupta S, Roy JK. High prevalence of oncogenic HPV-16 in cervical smears of asymptomatic women of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: a population-based study. J Biosci. 2012;37(1):63–72.
31. Gupta S, Sodhani P, Sharma A, et al. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16/18 infection among women with normal cytology: risk factor analysis and implications for screening and prophylaxis. Cytopathology. 2009;20(4):249–255.
32. Aggarwal R, Gupta S, Nijhawan R, et al. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in women with benign cervical cytology: a hospital based study from North India. Indian J Cancer. 2006;43(3):110–116.
33. Sahasrabuddhe VV, Ramesh AB, Smita NJ, et al. Prevalence and predictors of colposcopic-histopathologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in India. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8634.
34. Kamalesh S, Reshmi P, Baishali B, Bibhuti S, Subhasish B. Oncogenic HPV among HIV infected female population in West Bengal, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:72.
35. Datta P, Bhatla N, Pandey RM, et al. Type-specific incidence and persistence of HPV infection among young women: a prospective study in North India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(3):1019–1024.
36. Moscicki AB. Impact of HPV infection in adolescent populations. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37(6 Suppl):S3–S9.
37. Dutta S, Begum R, Mazumder Indra D, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in women without cervical cancer: a population-based study in Eastern India. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2012;31(2):178–183.
38. Sauvaget C, Nene B, Jayant K, et al. Prevalence and determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Indian women. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(10):902–906.
39. Shahina B, Naik DO, Nair S, et al. Mobilising women from a low income community to attend cervical cancer screening camps: insights from a study in an urban slum of Mumbai. Gynecol Obstet. 2014;(4):197.
40. Natural history of cervical cancer. In: Planning Appropriate Cervical Cancer Prevention Programs. 2nd ed. Seattle WA: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health; 2000:7–10.
41. Hildescheim A, Schiffman MH, Gravit PE, et al. Persistence of type specific human pappiloma virus infections among cytologically normal women. J Infect Dis. 1996;(174):927–936.
42. Monsonego J, Bosch FX, Coursaget P, et al. Cervical cancer control, priorities and new directions. Int J Cancer. 2004;108:329–333.
43. Bosch FX, Manos M, Muñoz N, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(11):796–802.
44. Paavonen J. Human papillomavirus infection and the development of cervical cancer and related genital neoplasias. Int J Infect Dis. 2007;11(Suppl 2):S3–S9.
45. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for disease control and prevention. Genital HPV infection fact sheet; 2004. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm. Accessed September 2013.
46. Brown DR, Shew ML, Qadari B, et al. A longitudinal study of genital pappilomavirus infection in a cohort of closely followed adolescent women. J Infect Dis. 2006;191:182–192.
47. Jacobs MV, Walboomers JM, Snijders PJ, et al. Distribution of 37 mucosotropic HPV types in women with cytologically normal cervical smears: the age-related patterns for high-risk and low-risk types. Int J Cancer. 2000;87:221–227.
48. Soper DE. Genitourinary infections and sexually transmitted diseases. In Berek JS, editor. Novak’s Gynaecology. Philadelphia, PA: Lipincott Williams and Wilkins; 2002:453–470.
49. Taylor CA, Keller ML, Egan JJ. Advice from affected persons about living with human papilloma virus infection. Image J Nurs Sch. 1997;29(1):27–32.
50. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Human Papilloma Viruses. Vol. 90. Lyon: International agency for research on cancer; 2006.
51. Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD. Natural history of cervicovaginal papilloma virus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:423–428.
52. Garner EI. Cervical cancer: disparities in screening, treatment, and survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12(3):242s–247s.
53. Denny L, Sankaranarayanan R. Secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;94(Suppl 1):S65–S70.
54. Denny L, Quinn M, Sankaranarayanan R. Chapter 8: screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. Vaccine. 2006;24(Suppl 3):S3, 71–77.
55. Goldie S, Gaffikin L, Goldhaber-Fiebert J, et al. Cost effectiveness of cervical screening in five developing countries. N Eng J Med. 2005;(353):2158–2168.
56. Sankaranarayanan R, Chatterji R, Shastri SS, et al. Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in primary screening of cervical neoplasia: Results from a multicenter study in India. Int J Cancer. 2004;112(2):341–347.
57. Khan MJ, Mark S, Jose J. Accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in primary screening of cervical neoplasia: results from a multicenter study in India. Int J Cancer. 2005;(116):230–231.
58. Jissa VT, Nea M, Matti H, et al. Sociodemograhic and reproductive risk factors for cervical cancer-a large prospective cohort study from Rural India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:2991–2995.
59. Misra JS, Srivastava S, Singh U, et al. Risk-factors and strategies for control of carcinoma cervix in India: hospital based cytological screening experience of 35 years. Indian J Cancer. 2009;46(2):155–159.
60. Seema P, Paul B, Boffetta P. Meta analysis of social inequality and the risk of cervical cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003;105:687–691.
61. Sehgal A, Singh V. Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) and screening strategies for cervical cancer. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130:234–240.
62. Hakama M, Miller AB, Day NE. Screening for Cancer of the Uterine Cervix (IARC Scientific Publications No 76). Lyon, France: IARC Press; 1986.
63. Hakama M, Rasanen-Virtanen U. Effectiveness of mass screening program on the risk of cervical cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;(17):173–204.
64. Alliance for cervical cancer prevention (ACCP). Planning and Implementing Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Programs: A Manual for Managers. Seattle, WA, USA: ACCP; 2004.
65. Franceschi S, Rajkumar R, Snijders PJF, et al. Papillomavirus infection in rural women in southern India. Br J Cancer. 2005;92(3):601–606.
66. Sarkar K, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Oncogenic human papilloma virus and cervical pre-cancerous lesions in brothel-based sex workers in India. J Infect Public Health. 2008;1(2):121–128.
67. Datta P, Bhatla N, Dar L, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection among young women in North India. Cancer Epidemiol. 2010;34(2):157–161.
68. Laikangbam P, Sengupta S, Bhattacharya P, et al. A comparative profile of the prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus type 16/18 infections among three states of India with focus on northeast India. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2007;17(1):107–117.
69. Sauvaget C, Nene BM, Jayant K, et al. Prevalence and determinants of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged Indian women. Sex Transm Dis. 2011; 38(10):902–906.
70. Beegum S, Nair S, Donta B, et al. Prevalence of unmet need for contraception in urban slum communities, Mumbai. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2014;3(3): 627–630.
71. Arora R, Kumar A, Prusty BK, et al. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types 16 and 18 in healthy women with cytologically negative Pap smear. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;121(1):104–109.
72. Sarkar K, Pal R, Bal B, et al. Oncogenic HPV among HIV infected female population in West Bengal, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:72.
73. Srivastava S, Gupta S, Roy JK. High prevalence of oncogenic HPV-16 in cervical smears of asymptomatic women of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India: a population-based study. J Biosci. 2012;37(1):63–72.