메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue , 2012, Pages 95-104

Update on the role of antipsychotics in the treatment of Tourette syndrome

Author keywords

Antipsychotics; Neuroleptics; Tourette; Tourette syndrome

Indexed keywords

AMISULPRIDE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; CLONIDINE; CLOZAPINE; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FLUPHENAZINE; FLUVOXAMINE; HALOPERIDOL; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PIMOZIDE; PLACEBO; PROPRANOLOL; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SULPIRIDE; TETRABENAZINE; TIAPRIDE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 84930480116     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: 11782021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S12990     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (33)

References (131)
  • 1
    • 33646376925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of basal ganglia and Tourette syndrome: Basal ganglia circuits and thalamocortical outputs
    • Mink JW. Neurobiology of basal ganglia and Tourette syndrome: basal ganglia circuits and thalamocortical outputs. Adv Neurol. 2006; 99:89-98.
    • (2006) Adv Neurol , vol.99 , pp. 89-98
    • Mink, J.W.1
  • 2
    • 0035224742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis and etiology of tics
    • Jankovic J. Differential diagnosis and etiology of tics. Adv Neurol. 2001;85:15-29.
    • (2001) Adv Neurol , vol.85 , pp. 15-29
    • Jankovic, J.1
  • 3
    • 42049113400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotengeric neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: Clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET
    • Wong DF, Brasić JR, Singer HS, et al. Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotengeric neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008:33(6):1239-1251.
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 1239-1251
    • Wong, D.F.1    Brasić, J.R.2    Singer, H.S.3
  • 4
    • 0030812176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D2-like dopamine receptor density in Tourette syndrome measured by PET
    • Wong DF, Singer HS, Brandt J, et al. D2-like dopamine receptor density in Tourette syndrome measured by PET. J Nucl Med. 1997: 38(8):1243-1247.
    • (1997) J Nucl Med , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 1243-1247
    • Wong, D.F.1    Singer, H.S.2    Brandt, J.3
  • 5
    • 33947237229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: A postmortem analysis
    • Yoon DY, Gause CD, Leckman JF, Singer HS. Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: a postmortem analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2007:255(1-2):50-56.
    • (2007) J Neurol Sci , vol.255 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 50-56
    • Yoon, D.Y.1    Gause, C.D.2    Leckman, J.F.3    Singer, H.S.4
  • 6
    • 33748756683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating dopamine transporter activity with 99 mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in drugnaive Tourette's adults
    • Yeh CB, Lee CH, Chou YH, Chang CJ, Ma KH, Huang WS. Evaluating dopamine transporter activity with 99 mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in drugnaive Tourette's adults. Nucl Med Commun. 2006;27(10):779-784.
    • (2006) Nucl Med Commun , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 779-784
    • Yeh, C.B.1    Lee, C.H.2    Chou, Y.H.3    Chang, C.J.4    Ma, K.H.5    Huang, W.S.6
  • 7
    • 34548478369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phasic dysfunction of dopamine transmission in Tourette's syndrome evaluated with (99 m)Tc TRODAT-1 imaging
    • Yeh CB, Lee CS, Ma KH, Lee MS, Chang CJ, Huang WS. Phasic dysfunction of dopamine transmission in Tourette's syndrome evaluated with (99 m)Tc TRODAT-1 imaging. Psychiatry Res. 2007; 156(1):75-82.
    • (2007) Psychiatry Res , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-82
    • Yeh, C.B.1    Lee, C.S.2    Ma, K.H.3    Lee, M.S.4    Chang, C.J.5    Huang, W.S.6
  • 8
    • 33748048146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of children and adolescents with tics and Tourette syndrome
    • Gilbert D. Treatment of children and adolescents with tics and Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(8):690-700.
    • (2006) J Child Neurol , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 690-700
    • Gilbert, D.1
  • 9
    • 79953670009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: Pharmacological treatment
    • Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A, et al. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;20(4): 173-196.
    • (2011) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 173-196
    • Roessner, V.1    Plessen, K.J.2    Rothenberger, A.3
  • 10
    • 33646140119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary assessment and pharmacotherapy of Tourette syndrome
    • Scahill L, Erenberg G, Berlin CM Jr, et al. Contemporary assessment and pharmacotherapy of Tourette syndrome. Neuro Rx. 2006;3(2): 192-206.
    • (2006) Neuro Rx , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-206
    • Scahill, L.1    Erenberg, G.2    Berlin Jr., C.M.3
  • 11
    • 77958464003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of tics and tourette syndrome
    • Singer HS. Treatment of tics and tourette syndrome. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2010;12(6):539-561.
    • (2010) Curr Treat Options Neurol , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 539-561
    • Singer, H.S.1
  • 12
    • 0015725655 scopus 로고
    • Habit reversal: A method of eliminating nervous habits and tics
    • Azrin NH, Nunn RG. Habit reversal: a method of eliminating nervous habits and tics. Behav Res Ther. 1973;11(4):619-628.
    • (1973) Behav Res Ther , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 619-628
    • Azrin, N.H.1    Nunn, R.G.2
  • 14
    • 0031231027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seignot's paper on the treatment of Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol
    • Rickards H, Hartley N, Robertson MM. Seignot's paper on the treatment of Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol. Hist Psychiatry. 1997; 8(31 Pt 3):433-436.
    • (1997) Hist Psychiatry , vol.8 , Issue.31 PART 3 , pp. 433-436
    • Rickards, H.1    Hartley, N.2    Robertson, M.M.3
  • 16
    • 0024337427 scopus 로고
    • Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome
    • Shapiro E, Shapiro AK, Fulop G, et al. Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46(8):722-730.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.8 , pp. 722-730
    • Shapiro, E.1    Shapiro, A.K.2    Fulop, G.3
  • 18
    • 0018140088 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pimozide and haloperidol in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome
    • Ross MS, Moldofsky H. A comparison of pimozide and haloperidol in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1978;135(5):585-587.
    • (1978) Am J Psychiatry , vol.135 , Issue.5 , pp. 585-587
    • Ross, M.S.1    Moldofsky, H.2
  • 19
    • 0030872372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder
    • Sallee FR, Nesbitt L, Jackson C, et al. Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(8):1057-1062.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , Issue.8 , pp. 1057-1062
    • Sallee, F.R.1    Nesbitt, L.2    Jackson, C.3
  • 23
    • 84856233953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular safety of aripiprazole and pimozide in young patients with Tourette syndrome
    • Gulisano M, Cali PV, Cavanna AE, Eddy C, Rickards H, Rizzo R. Cardiovascular safety of aripiprazole and pimozide in young patients with Tourette syndrome. Neurol Sci. 2011;32(6):1213-1217.
    • (2011) Neurol Sci , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 1213-1217
    • Gulisano, M.1    Cali, P.V.2    Cavanna, A.E.3    Eddy, C.4    Rickards, H.5    Rizzo, R.6
  • 25
    • 0035121828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone versus pimozide in Tourette's disorder: A comparative double-blind parallelgroup study
    • Bruggeman R, van der Linden C, Buitelaar JK, et al. Risperidone versus pimozide in Tourette's disorder: a comparative double-blind parallelgroup study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(1):50-56.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-56
    • Bruggeman, R.1    van der Linden, C.2    Buitelaar, J.K.3
  • 27
    • 18944404988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy and safety of fluphenazine in patients with Tourette syndrome
    • Silay YS, Vuong KD, Jankovic J. The efficacy and safety of fluphenazine in patients with Tourette syndrome. Neurology. 2004;62(Suppl 5): A506.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL 5
    • Silay, Y.S.1    Vuong, K.D.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 28
    • 73449102162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in the treatment of Tourette syndrome
    • Jankovic J, Jimenez-Shahed J, Brown LW. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;81(1):70-73.
    • (2009) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-73
    • Jankovic, J.1    Jimenez-Shahed, J.2    Brown, L.W.3
  • 30
    • 0021320394 scopus 로고
    • Fluphenazine and multifocal tic disorders
    • Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Klawans HL. Fluphenazine and multifocal tic disorders. Arch Neurol. 1984;41(3):271-272.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-272
    • Goetz, C.G.1    Tanner, C.M.2    Klawans, H.L.3
  • 31
    • 0022202163 scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol, fluphenazine and clonidine in Tourette syndrome: Controversies in treatment
    • Singer HS, Gammon K, Quaskey S. Haloperidol, fluphenazine and clonidine in Tourette syndrome: controversies in treatment. Pediatr Neurosci. 1985-1986;(2)12:71-74.
    • (1985) Pediatr Neurosci , Issue.2-12 , pp. 71-74
    • Singer, H.S.1    Gammon, K.2    Quaskey, S.3
  • 32
    • 33847759552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benzamides tiapride, sulpiride, and amisulpride in treatment of Tourette's syndrome
    • Müller-Vahl KR. The benzamides tiapride, sulpiride, and amisulpride in treatment of Tourette's syndrome. Nervenarzt. 2007;78(3):264-271.
    • (2007) Nervenarzt , vol.78 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-271
    • Müller-Vahl, K.R.1
  • 33
    • 0033953541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benzamine tiapride: Treatment of extrapyramidal motor and other clinical syndromes
    • Dose M, Lange HW. The benzamine tiapride: treatment of extrapyramidal motor and other clinical syndromes. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2000; 33(1):19-27.
    • (2000) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-27
    • Dose, M.1    Lange, H.W.2
  • 34
    • 4444256600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourette syndrome: Efficient treatment with ziprasidone and normalization of body weight in a patient with excessive weight gain under tiapride
    • Meisel A, Winter C, Zschenderlein R, Arnold G. Tourette syndrome: efficient treatment with ziprasidone and normalization of body weight in a patient with excessive weight gain under tiapride. Mov Disord. 2004;19(8):991-992.
    • (2004) Mov Disord , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 991-992
    • Meisel, A.1    Winter, C.2    Zschenderlein, R.3    Arnold, G.4
  • 35
    • 0035109007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preclinical pharmacologic profile of tiapride
    • Scatton B, Cohen C, Perrault G, et al. The preclinical pharmacologic profile of tiapride. Eur Psychiatry. 2001;16 Suppl 1:29s-34s.
    • (2001) Eur Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL 1
    • Scatton, B.1    Cohen, C.2    Perrault, G.3
  • 36
    • 3142768422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early administration of tiapride to young rats without long-lasting changes in the development of the dopaminergic system
    • Bock N, Moll GH, Wicker M, et al. Early administration of tiapride to young rats without long-lasting changes in the development of the dopaminergic system. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004;37(4):163-167.
    • (2004) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 163-167
    • Bock, N.1    Moll, G.H.2    Wicker, M.3
  • 37
    • 84865953210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonazepam, clonidine and tiapride in children with tic disorder
    • Drtilkova I. Clonazepam, clonidine and tiapride in children with tic disorder. Homeostasis. 1996;37(5):216.
    • (1996) Homeostasis , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 216
    • Drtilkova, I.1
  • 39
    • 0020585184 scopus 로고
    • Gilles de la Tourette's disease
    • Lipcsey A. Gilles de la Tourette's disease. Sem Hop. 1983;59(10): 695-696.
    • (1983) Sem Hop , vol.59 , Issue.10 , pp. 695-696
    • Lipcsey, A.1
  • 40
    • 0023936398 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and neurobiological findings in children suffering from tic disease following treatment with tiapride
    • Eggers C, Rothenberger A, Berghaus U. Clinical and neurobiological findings in children suffering from tic disease following treatment with tiapride. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 1988;237(4):223-229.
    • (1988) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci , vol.237 , Issue.4 , pp. 223-229
    • Eggers, C.1    Rothenberger, A.2    Berghaus, U.3
  • 41
    • 0036219144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The substituted benzamides and their clinical potential on dysthymia and on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
    • Pani L, Gessa GL. The substituted benzamides and their clinical potential on dysthymia and on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2002;7(3):247-253.
    • (2002) Mol Psychiatry , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-253
    • Pani, L.1    Gessa, G.L.2
  • 42
    • 0014844966 scopus 로고
    • Apropos of a case of Gilles de la Tourette's disease blocked by sulpiride. Psycho-biological study
    • Yvonneau M, Bezard P. Apropos of a case of Gilles de la Tourette's disease blocked by sulpiride. Psycho-biological study. Encephale. 1970; 59(5):439-459.
    • (1970) Encephale , vol.59 , Issue.5 , pp. 439-459
    • Yvonneau, M.1    Bezard, P.2
  • 43
    • 0032865577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant action of sulpiride. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial
    • Ruther E, Degner D, Munzel U. Antidepressant action of sulpiride. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1999;32(4):127-135.
    • (1999) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 127-135
    • Ruther, E.1    Degner, D.2    Munzel, U.3
  • 44
    • 0025331525 scopus 로고
    • Management of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome using sulpiride
    • Robertson MM, Schneider V, Lees AJ. Management of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome using sulpiride. Clin Neuropsychopharmacol. 1990;13(3):229-235.
    • (1990) Clin Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-235
    • Robertson, M.M.1    Schneider, V.2    Lees, A.J.3
  • 45
    • 34247120097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between weight changes and lipid profile changes in schizophrenic patients after antipsychotics therapy
    • Huang TL, Lu CY. Correlations between weight changes and lipid profile changes in schizophrenic patients after antipsychotics therapy. Chang Gung Med J. 2007;30(1):26-32.
    • (2007) Chang Gung Med J , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-32
    • Huang, T.L.1    Lu, C.Y.2
  • 46
    • 0344348977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight gain: Side effect of atypical neuroleptics?
    • Wetterling T, Mussigbrodt HE. Weight gain: side effect of atypical neuroleptics? J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999;19(4):316-321.
    • (1999) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 316-321
    • Wetterling, T.1    Mussigbrodt, H.E.2
  • 47
    • 74049127346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term sulpiride treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder
    • Ho CS, Chen HJ, Chiu NC, Shen EY, Lue HC. Short-term sulpiride treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder. J Formos Med Assoc. 2009;108(10): 788-793.
    • (2009) J Formos Med Assoc , vol.108 , Issue.10 , pp. 788-793
    • Ho, C.S.1    Chen, H.J.2    Chiu, N.C.3    Shen, E.Y.4    Lue, H.C.5
  • 48
    • 0027762145 scopus 로고
    • Fluvoxamine and sulpiride in comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and Gilles-De-La-Tourette syndrome
    • George MS, Trimble MR, Robertson MM. Fluvoxamine and sulpiride in comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and Gilles-De-La-Tourette syndrome. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp. 1993;8:327-334.
    • (1993) Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp , vol.8 , pp. 327-334
    • George, M.S.1    Trimble, M.R.2    Robertson, M.M.3
  • 49
  • 50
    • 1942502851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of Tourette's disorder with amisulpride
    • Fountoulakis KN, Iacovides A, St Kaprinis G. Successful treatment of Tourette's disorder with amisulpride. Ann Pharmacother. 2004; 38(5):901.
    • (2004) Ann Pharmacother , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 901
    • Fountoulakis, K.N.1    Iacovides, A.2    St Kaprinis, G.3
  • 51
    • 34447514482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gilles-de-la-Tourette Syndrome as a Tardive Dyskinesia
    • Kozian R, Friedrich M. Gilles-de-la-Tourette Syndrome as a Tardive Dyskinesia. Psychiatr Prax. 2007;34(5):253-254.
    • (2007) Psychiatr Prax , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 253-254
    • Kozian, R.1    Friedrich, M.2
  • 52
    • 34249074497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: A review and analysis
    • Crilly J. The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market: a review and analysis. Hist Psychiatry. 2007;18(1):39-60.
    • (2007) Hist Psychiatry , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-60
    • Crilly, J.1
  • 54
    • 0027737479 scopus 로고
    • Atypical variants of tardive dyskinesia, treated by a combination of clozapine with propanolol and clozapine with tetrabenazine
    • Kalian M, Lerner V, Goldman M. Atypical variants of tardive dyskinesia, treated by a combination of clozapine with propanolol and clozapine with tetrabenazine. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181(10):649-651.
    • (1993) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.181 , Issue.10 , pp. 649-651
    • Kalian, M.1    Lerner, V.2    Goldman, M.3
  • 55
    • 0018756814 scopus 로고
    • The trial use of clozapine for abnormal involuntary movement disorders
    • Caine ED, Polinsky RJ, Kartzinel R, Ebert MH. The trial use of clozapine for abnormal involuntary movement disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136(3):317-320.
    • (1979) Am J Psychiatry , vol.136 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-320
    • Caine, E.D.1    Polinsky, R.J.2    Kartzinel, R.3    Ebert, M.H.4
  • 56
    • 15844430786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced stuttering, facial tics and myoclonic seizures: A case report
    • Begum M. Clozapine-induced stuttering, facial tics and myoclonic seizures: a case report. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39(3):202.
    • (2005) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 202
    • Begum, M.1
  • 57
    • 56749182528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exacerbation of tics secondary to clozapine therapy
    • Bastiampillai T, Dhillon R, Mohindra R. Exacerbation of tics secondary to clozapine therapy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42(12):1068-1070.
    • (2008) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 1068-1070
    • Bastiampillai, T.1    Dhillon, R.2    Mohindra, R.3
  • 58
    • 19544382891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and safety of risperidone for children and adolescents with chronic tic or tourette disorders in Korea
    • Kim BN, Lee CB, Hwang JW, Shin MS, Cho SC. Effectiveness and safety of risperidone for children and adolescents with chronic tic or tourette disorders in Korea. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005;15(2):318-324.
    • (2005) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 318-324
    • Kim, B.N.1    Lee, C.B.2    Hwang, J.W.3    Shin, M.S.4    Cho, S.C.5
  • 59
    • 0028126529 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin-dopamine antagonist and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: An open pilot dosetitration study with risperidone
    • van der Linden C, Bruggeman R, van Woerkom TC. Serotonin-dopamine antagonist and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome: an open pilot dosetitration study with risperidone. Mov Disord. 1994;9(6):687-688.
    • (1994) Mov Disord , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 687-688
    • van der Linden, C.1    Bruggeman, R.2    van Woerkom, T.C.3
  • 61
    • 0028006878 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone for Tourette's syndrome
    • Stamenkovic M, Aschauer H, Kasper S. Risperidone for Tourette's syndrome. Lancet. 1994;344(8936):1577-1578.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , Issue.8936 , pp. 1577-1578
    • Stamenkovic, M.1    Aschauer, H.2    Kasper, S.3
  • 62
    • 79251480206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome
    • Zhao H, Zhu Y. Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Ment Health J. 2003;17:30.
    • (2003) Ment Health J , vol.17 , pp. 30
    • Zhao, H.1    Zhu, Y.2
  • 64
    • 0036157416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of tourette syndrome: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Dion Y, Annable L, Sandor P, Chouinard G. Risperidone in the treatment of tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(1):31-39.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-39
    • Dion, Y.1    Annable, L.2    Sandor, P.3    Chouinard, G.4
  • 65
    • 79251502480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone versus Haloperidol in the treatment of children with Tourette's Syndrome and chronic motor or vocal tic disorder in Korea
    • Lim LK, Shin SY. Risperidone versus Haloperidol in the treatment of children with Tourette's Syndrome and chronic motor or vocal tic disorder in Korea. Eur Neuropsychopharacol. 2006;16:5527.
    • (2006) Eur Neuropsychopharacol , vol.16 , pp. 5527
    • Lim, L.K.1    Shin, S.Y.2
  • 67
    • 0030048922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette's syndrome
    • Bruun RD, Budman CL. Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette's syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57(1):29-31.
    • (1996) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-31
    • Bruun, R.D.1    Budman, C.L.2
  • 68
    • 0029146567 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: A preliminary report
    • Lombroso PJ, Scahill L, King RA, et al. Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995;34(9):1147-1152.
    • (1995) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 1147-1152
    • Lombroso, P.J.1    Scahill, L.2    King, R.A.3
  • 69
    • 0029082582 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
    • Shulman LM, Singer C, Weiner WJ. Risperidone in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurology. 1995;45(7):1419.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 1419
    • Shulman, L.M.1    Singer, C.2    Weiner, W.J.3
  • 70
    • 0030477251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: A retrospective case note study
    • Robertson MM, Scull DA, Eapen V, Trimble MR. Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a retrospective case note study. Psychopharmacol. 1996;10(4):317-320.
    • (1996) Psychopharmacol , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 317-320
    • Robertson, M.M.1    Scull, D.A.2    Eapen, V.3    Trimble, M.R.4
  • 72
    • 0029017410 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone treatment for a Tourette's disorder patient with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Giakas WJ. Risperidone treatment for a Tourette's disorder patient with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995; 152(7):1097-1098.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , Issue.7 , pp. 1097-1098
    • Giakas, W.J.1
  • 73
    • 0033710841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone treatment of aggressive behavior in children with Tourette syndrome
    • Sandor P, Stephens RJ. Risperidone treatment of aggressive behavior in children with Tourette syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000; 20(6):710-712.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 710-712
    • Sandor, P.1    Stephens, R.J.2
  • 75
    • 3343008611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in the treatment of aggression and tics in children with Tourette's syndrome-a pilot study
    • Stephens RJ, Bassel C, Sandor P. Olanzapine in the treatment of aggression and tics in children with Tourette's syndrome-a pilot study. J Child Adolescent Psychopharmacol. 2004;14(2):255-266.
    • (2004) J Child Adolescent Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-266
    • Stephens, R.J.1    Bassel, C.2    Sandor, P.3
  • 76
    • 0035016718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of the treatment efficacy of olanzapine for Tourette's disorder
    • Budman CL, Gayer A, Lesser M, Shi Q, Bruun RD. An open-label study of the treatment efficacy of olanzapine for Tourette's disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(4):290-294.
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 290-294
    • Budman, C.L.1    Gayer, A.2    Lesser, M.3    Shi, Q.4    Bruun, R.D.5
  • 77
    • 54249129771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and tolerability of open label olanzapine in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome
    • McCracken JT, Suddath R, Chang S, Thakur S, Piacentini J. Effectiveness and tolerability of open label olanzapine in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18(5):501-508.
    • (2008) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 501-508
    • McCracken, J.T.1    Suddath, R.2    Chang, S.3    Thakur, S.4    Piacentini, J.5
  • 78
    • 84930478197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zyprexaproductlabel.Availablefrom:http://pi.lilly.com/us/zyprexa-pi.pdf.AccessedSeptember28
    • http://www.lilly.com. Zyprexa product label. Available from: http:// pi.lilly.com/us/zyprexa-pi.pdf. Accessed September 28, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 79
    • 20544436200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine for treatment of Tourette syndrome: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
    • Ji WD, Li Y, Li N, Guo BY. Olanzapine for treatment of Tourette syndrome: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Chinese J Clin Rehab. 2005;9:66-68.
    • (2005) Chinese J Clin Rehab , vol.9 , pp. 66-68
    • Ji, W.D.1    Li, Y.2    Li, N.3    Guo, B.Y.4
  • 80
    • 0033932779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: A 52-week double-blind cross-over study vs low-dose pimozide
    • Onofrj M, Paci C, D'Andreamatteo G, Toma L. Olanzapine in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a 52-week double-blind cross-over study vs low-dose pimozide. J Neurol. 2000;247(6):443-446.
    • (2000) J Neurol , vol.247 , Issue.6 , pp. 443-446
    • Onofrj, M.1    Paci, C.2    D'Andreamatteo, G.3    Toma, L.4
  • 82
    • 0032038750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in Tourette syndrome
    • Bhadrinath BR. Olanzapine in Tourette syndrome. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;172:366.
    • (1998) Br J Psychiatry , vol.172 , pp. 366
    • Bhadrinath, B.R.1
  • 84
    • 0035985098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine in Tourette's syndrome: A report of three cases
    • Lucas Taracena MT, Montanes Rada F. Olanzapine in Tourette's syndrome: a report of three cases. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2002;30(2): 129-132.
    • (2002) Actas Esp Psiquiatr , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-132
    • Lucas Taracena, M.T.1    Montanes Rada, F.2
  • 85
    • 0031722774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open-label olanzapine treatment in five preadolescent children
    • Krishnamoorthy J, King BH. Open-label olanzapine treatment in five preadolescent children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1998;8(2):107-113.
    • (1998) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-113
    • Krishnamoorthy, J.1    King, B.H.2
  • 86
    • 0033954663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective openlabel treatment of tourette's disorder with olanzapine
    • Stamenkovic M, Schindler SD, Aschauer HN, et al. Effective openlabel treatment of tourette's disorder with olanzapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000;15(1):23-28.
    • (2000) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-28
    • Stamenkovic, M.1    Schindler, S.D.2    Aschauer, H.N.3
  • 88
    • 0142120787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder
    • Mukaddes NM, Abali O. Quetiapine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2003;13(3):295-299.
    • (2003) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-299
    • Mukaddes, N.M.1    Abali, O.2
  • 89
    • 33846437886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effectiveness of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: A retrospective case-note survey
    • Copur M, Arpaci B, Demir T, Narin H. Clinical effectiveness of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a retrospective case-note survey. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27(2): 123-130.
    • (2007) Clin Drug Investig , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-130
    • Copur, M.1    Arpaci, B.2    Demir, T.3    Narin, H.4
  • 91
    • 0034093224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study
    • Sallee FR, Kurlan R, Goetz CG, et al. Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39(3):292-299.
    • (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 292-299
    • Sallee, F.R.1    Kurlan, R.2    Goetz, C.G.3
  • 92
    • 1342286165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychopharmacology of ziprasidone: Receptor-binding properties and real-world psychiatric practice
    • Stahl SM, Shayegan DK. The psychopharmacology of ziprasidone: receptor-binding properties and real-world psychiatric practice. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64 Suppl 19:6-12.
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL 19 , pp. 6-12
    • Stahl, S.M.1    Shayegan, D.K.2
  • 95
    • 54249089359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette disorder with and without explosive outbursts
    • Budman C, Coffey BJ, Shechter R, et al. Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette disorder with and without explosive outbursts. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18(5):509-515.
    • (2008) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 509-515
    • Budman, C.1    Coffey, B.J.2    Shechter, R.3
  • 96
    • 34249984719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole acts as a selective dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist
    • Wood M, Reavill C. Aripiprazole acts as a selective dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007;16(6): 771-775.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 771-775
    • Wood, M.1    Reavill, C.2
  • 97
    • 0037177358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antipsychotic aripiprazole is a potent, partial agonist at the human 5-HT1A receptor
    • Jordan S, Koprivica V, Chen R, Tottori K, Kikuchi T, Altar CA. The antipsychotic aripiprazole is a potent, partial agonist at the human 5-HT1A receptor. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002;441(3):137-140.
    • (2002) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.441 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-140
    • Jordan, S.1    Koprivica, V.2    Chen, R.3    Tottori, K.4    Kikuchi, T.5    Altar, C.A.6
  • 98
    • 43049180405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole: A treatment for severe coprolalia in "refractrory" Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
    • Ben Djebara M, Worbe Y, Schopbach M, Hartmann A. Aripiprazole: a treatment for severe coprolalia in "refractrory" Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord. 2008;15;23(3):438-440.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.15-23 , Issue.3 , pp. 438-440
    • Ben Djebara, M.1    Worbe, Y.2    Schopbach, M.3    Hartmann, A.4
  • 100
    • 33846334439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole is effective in the treatment of Tourette's disorder
    • Constant EL, Borras L, Seghers A. Aripiprazole is effective in the treatment of Tourette's disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006; 9(6):773-774.
    • (2006) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 773-774
    • Constant, E.L.1    Borras, L.2    Seghers, A.3
  • 101
    • 77956396165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder: A pilot study in China
    • Cui YH, Zheng Y, Yang YP, Liu J, Li J. Effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder: a pilot study in China. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010;20(4): 291-298.
    • (2010) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 291-298
    • Cui, Y.H.1    Zheng, Y.2    Yang, Y.P.3    Liu, J.4    Li, J.5
  • 102
    • 33750510451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case series of patients with Tourette's syndrome in the United Kingdom treated with aripiprazole
    • Davies L, Stern JS, Agrawal N, Robertson MM. A case series of patients with Tourette's syndrome in the United Kingdom treated with aripiprazole. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006;21(7):447-453.
    • (2006) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 447-453
    • Davies, L.1    Stern, J.S.2    Agrawal, N.3    Robertson, M.M.4
  • 103
    • 14844322354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in a patient vulnerable to adverse reactions
    • Dehning S, Riedel M, Muller N. Aripiprazole in a patient vulnerable to adverse reactions. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):625.
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.3 , pp. 625
    • Dehning, S.1    Riedel, M.2    Muller, N.3
  • 104
    • 33745150047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in childhood and adolescence for Tourette syndrome
    • Duane DD. Aripiprazole in childhood and adolescence for Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2006;21(4):358.
    • (2006) J Child Neurol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 358
    • Duane, D.D.1
  • 108
    • 77949534999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of lateonset Tourette's disorder successfully treated with aripiprazole: View from blood levels of catecholamine metabolites and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
    • Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Yoshimura R, Hayashi K, et al. A case of lateonset Tourette's disorder successfully treated with aripiprazole: view from blood levels of catecholamine metabolites and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 10(4 Pt 3):977-980.
    • (2009) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.10 , Issue.4 PART 3 , pp. 977-980
    • Ikenouchi-Sugita, A.1    Yoshimura, R.2    Hayashi, K.3
  • 110
    • 77949530237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in the pharmacotherapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in adult patients
    • Kawohl W, Schneider F, Vernaleken I, Neuner I. Aripiprazole in the pharmacotherapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in adult patients. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2009;10(4 Pt 3):827-831.
    • (2009) World J Biol Psychiatry , vol.10 , Issue.4 PART 3 , pp. 827-831
    • Kawohl, W.1    Schneider, F.2    Vernaleken, I.3    Neuner, I.4
  • 112
    • 77049120722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder: An open-label safety and tolerability study
    • Lyon GJ, Samar S, Jummani R, et al. Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder: an open-label safety and tolerability study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(6): 623-633.
    • (2009) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 623-633
    • Lyon, G.J.1    Samar, S.2    Jummani, R.3
  • 113
    • 34548430198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Experience in 10 patients
    • Miranda CM, Castiglioni TC. Aripiprazole for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Experience in 10 patients. Rev Med Chil. 2007; 135(6):773-776.
    • (2007) Rev Med Chil , vol.135 , Issue.6 , pp. 773-776
    • Miranda, C.M.1    Castiglioni, T.C.2
  • 114
    • 22344448224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case series on the use of aripiprazole for Tourette syndrome
    • Murphy TK, Bengtson MA, Soto O, et al. Case series on the use of aripiprazole for Tourette syndrome. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8(3):489-490.
    • (2005) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 489-490
    • Murphy, T.K.1    Bengtson, M.A.2    Soto, O.3
  • 115
    • 69549111415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Open label aripiprazole in the treatment of youth with tic disorders
    • Murphy TK, Mutch PJ, Reid JM, et al. Open label aripiprazole in the treatment of youth with tic disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(4):441-447.
    • (2009) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 441-447
    • Murphy, T.K.1    Mutch, P.J.2    Reid, J.M.3
  • 117
    • 42549137361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette disorder or chronic tic disorder
    • Seo WS, Sung HM, Sea HS, Bai DS. Aripiprazole treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette disorder or chronic tic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18(2):197-205.
    • (2008) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-205
    • Seo, W.S.1    Sung, H.M.2    Sea, H.S.3    Bai, D.S.4
  • 118
    • 54449096662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in a case presenting with tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder
    • Winter C, Heinz A, Kupsch A, Strohle A. Aripiprazole in a case presenting with tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychopharm. 2008;28(4):452-454.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychopharm , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 452-454
    • Winter, C.1    Heinz, A.2    Kupsch, A.3    Strohle, A.4
  • 119
    • 34548297004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An openlabel study of the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole for children and adolescents with tic disorders
    • Yoo HK, Choi SH, Park S, Wang HR, Hong JP, Kim CY. An openlabel study of the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole for children and adolescents with tic disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(7): 1088-1093.
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.7 , pp. 1088-1093
    • Yoo, H.K.1    Choi, S.H.2    Park, S.3    Wang, H.R.4    Hong, J.P.5    Kim, C.Y.6
  • 120
    • 33750586821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder
    • Yoo HK, Kim JY, Kim CY. A pilot study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006;16(4):505-506.
    • (2006) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-506
    • Yoo, H.K.1    Kim, J.Y.2    Kim, C.Y.3
  • 121
    • 67649322211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the safety and tolerability of aripiprazole
    • Pae CU. A review of the safety and tolerability of aripiprazole. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009;8(3):373-386.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-386
    • Pae, C.U.1
  • 124
    • 84930482230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: http://www.dgn.org/images/stories/dgn/leitlinien/ LL2008/ll08kap_012.pdf. Accessed August 12, German
    • http://www.dgn.org. Guidelines of the German Society for Neurology: Available from: http://www.dgn.org/images/stories/dgn/leitlinien/ LL2008/ll08kap_012.pdf. Accessed August 12, 2011. German.
    • (2011) Guidelines of the German Society for Neurology
  • 125
    • 58649100010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asenapine: A novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature
    • Shahid M, Walker GB, Zorn SH, Wong EH. Asenapine: A novel psychopharmacologic agent with a unique human receptor signature. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(1):65-73.
    • (2009) J Psychopharmacol , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-73
    • Shahid, M.1    Walker, G.B.2    Zorn, S.H.3    Wong, E.H.4
  • 126
    • 80053649664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of asenapine in the treatment of manic or mixed states associated with bipolar I disorder
    • Pompili M, Venturini P, Innamorati M, et al. The role of asenapine in the treatment of manic or mixed states associated with bipolar I disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2011;7:259-265.
    • (2011) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat , vol.7 , pp. 259-265
    • Pompili, M.1    Venturini, P.2    Innamorati, M.3
  • 129
    • 79957609175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tourette syndrome: Evolving concepts
    • Jankovic J, Kurlan R. Tourette syndrome: evolving concepts. Mov Disord. 2011;26(6):1149-1156.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Jankovic, J.1    Kurlan, R.2
  • 130
    • 0034940566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, et al. A placebo controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(7): 1067-1074.
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , Issue.7 , pp. 1067-1074
    • Scahill, L.1    Chappell, P.B.2    Kim, Y.S.3
  • 131
    • 0036868309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychiatric effects of guanfacine in children with mild tourette syndrome: A pilot study
    • Cummings DD, Singer HS, Krieger M, et al. Neuropsychiatric effects of guanfacine in children with mild tourette syndrome: a pilot study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2002;25(6):325-332.
    • (2002) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 325-332
    • Cummings, D.D.1    Singer, H.S.2    Krieger, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.