Suicide in India: a systematic review

Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 69-80

  Rane, Anil ^a   Nadkarni, Abhijit ^b,c  

^a Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour   (India)

^b LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

^c Sangath   (India)

Author keywords

India; Mental illness; Organophosphate pesticide; Suicide; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

EID: 84930478900     PISSN: 10020829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2014.02     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380: 2095-2128. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
2. Phillips M R, Cheng H G. The changing global face of suicide. Lancet. 2012; 379: 2318-2319. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60913-1
3. World Health Organisation. The Global Burden of Disease: 2004 update. Geneva: WHO; 2008
4. National Crime Records Bureau. Accidental Deaths and Suicide in India. New Delhi: Government of India; 2011
5. National Crime Records Bureau. Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India. New Delhi: Government of India; 2008
6. Patel V, Ramasundarahettige C, Vijayakumar L, Thakur J S, Gajalakshmi V, Gururaj G, et al. Suicide mortality in India: a nationally representative survey. Lancet. 2012; 379: 2343-2351. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60606-0
7. Gajalakshmi V, Peto R. Suicide rates in rural Tamil Nadu, South India: verbal autopsy of 39 000 deaths in 1997-98. Int J Epidemiol. 36: 203-207. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl308
8. Vijayakumar L, Pirkis J, Huong T T. Socio-economic, cultural and religious factors affecting suicide prevention in Asia. In: Hendin H, Phillips M R, Vijayakumar L, eds. Suicide and Suicide Prevention in Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008: 19-30
9. Sathyavathi K. Suicide among children in Bangalore. Indian J Pediatr. 1975; 42: 149-157. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02827289
10. Nandi D, Banerjee G, Boral G. Suicide in West Bengal-A Century Apart. Indian J Psychiatry. 1978; 20: 155-160
11. Sharma S D, Gopalakrishna R. Suicide-a retrospective study in a culturally distinct community in India. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 1978; 24: 13-18. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002076407802400103
12. Nandi D, Mukherjee S, Banerjee G, Ghosh A, Boral G, Chowdhury A et al. Is suicide preventable by restricting the availability of lethal agents? a rural survey of West Bengal. Indian J Psychiatry.1979; 21(3): 251-255. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.75553
13. Hedge R S. Suicide in rural community. Indian J Psychiatry. 1980; 22:368-70
14. Ponnudurai R, Jeyakar J. Suicide in Madras. Indian J Psychiatry. 1980; 22: 203-205
15. Gupta R, Srivastava A. Study of fatal burns cases in Kanpur (India). Forensic Sci Int. 1988; 37: 81-89. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-0738(88)90096-5
16. Banerjee S, Chowdhury A N, Schelling E, Brahma A, Biswas M K, Weiss M G. Deliberate self-harm and suicide by pesticide ingestion in the Sundarban region, India. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2009; 14: 213-219. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02199.x
17. Shukla G, Verma B, Mishra D N. Suicide in Jhansi City. Indian J Psychiatry. 1990; 32: 44-51
18. Ponnudurai R, Patnaik K, Sathianathan R, Subhan K. A study of the venues of Suicide. Indian J Psychiatry. 1979; 39(1): 34-36
19. Vijayakumar L, Rajkumar S. Are risk factors for suicide universal? A case-control study in India. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999; 99: 407-411. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00985.x
20. Bhatia M S, Aggarwal N K, Aggarwal B B L. Psychosocial profile of suicide ideators, attempters and completers in India. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2000; 46: 155-163. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002076400004600301
21. Mayer P, Ziaian T. Are women in Indian society protected from suicide? Crisis. 2002; 23: 98-103
22. Batra A K. Burn mortality: recent trends and sociocultural determinants in rural India. Burns. 2003; 29:270-275
23. Joseph A, Abraham S, Muliyil J P, George K, Prasad J, Minz S, et al. Evaluation of suicide rates in rural India using verbal autopsies, 1994-9. BMJ. 2003; 326: 1121-1122. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7399.1121
24. Sharma B R, Sharma V, Harish D, Vij K. Suicides in northern India: causes, methods used and prevention. Medicine, Science and the Law. 2003; 43: 221-229. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.3.221
25. Steen D M, Mayer P. Patterns of suicide by age and gender in the Indian states: a reflection of human development? Arch Suicide Res. 2003; 7: 247-264. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110301556
26. Aaron R, Joseph A, Abraham S, Muliyil J, George K, Prasad J, et al. Suicides in young people in rural southern India. Lancet. 2004; 363: 1117-1118
27. Girdhar S, Leenaars A A, Dogra T D, Leenaars L, Kumar G. Suicide notes in India: what do they tell us? Arch Suicide Res. 2004; 8: 179-185. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110490271362
28. Gururaj G, Isaac M K, Subbakrishna D K, Ranjani R. Risk factors for completed suicides: a case-control study from Bangalore, India. Inj Control Saf Promot. 2004; 11: 183-191
29. Kumar P N S. An analysis of suicide attempters versus completers in Kerala. Indian J Psychiatry. 2004; 46: 144-149.
30. Lalwani S, Sharma G, Kabra S, Girdhar S, Dogra T. Suicide among children and adolescents in south Delhi (1991-2000). Indian J Pediatr. 2004; 71: 701-703. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02730657
31. Sharma B R, Singh V P, Sharma R, Sumedha. Unnatural deaths In northern India: a profile. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. 2004; 26: 140-146
32. Steen D M, Mayer P. Modernization and the male-female suicide ratio in India 1967-1997: Divergence or Convergence? Suicide Life-Threat Behav. 2004; 34: 147-159. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.34.2.147.32782
33. Abraham V J, Abraham S, Jacob K S. Suicide in the elderly in Kaniyambadi block, Tamil Nadu, South India. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005; 20: 953-955. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1385
34. Khan F, Anand B, Devi M G, Murthy K K. Psychological autopsy of suicide-a cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2005; 47: 73-78. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.55935
35. Bose A, Konradsen F, John J, Suganthy P, Muliyil J, Abraham S. Mortality rate and years of life lost from unintentional injury and suicide in South India. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2006; 11: 1553-1556. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01707.x
36. Prasad J, Abraham V J, Minz S, Abraham S, Joseph A, Muliyil J P, et al. Rates and factors associated with suicide in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, 2000-2002. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2006; 52: 65-71. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764006061253
37. Mohanty S, Sahu G, Mohanty M K, Patnaik M. Suicide in India: a four year retrospective study. J Forensic Leg Med. 2007; 14: 185-189. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2006.05.007
38. Chavan B, Singh G, Kaur J, Kochar R. Psychological autopsy of 101 suicide cases from northwest region of India. Indian J Psychiatry. 2008; 50: 34-38. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.39757
39. Gupta B, Singh O. A unique trend of murder-suicide in the Jamnagar region of Gujarat, India (a retrospective study of 5 years). J Forensic Leg Med. 2008; 15: 250-255. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2007.12.013
40. Kanchan T, Menezes R G. Suicidal poisoning in southern India: gender differences. J Forensic Leg Med. 2008; 15: 7-14. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2007.05.006
41. Bastia B K, Kar N. A psychological autopsy study of suicidal hanging from Cuttack, India: focus on stressful life situations. Arch Suicide Res. 2009; 13: 100-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811110802572221
42. Parkar S R, Dawani V, Weiss M G. Clinical diagnostic and sociocultural dimensions of deliberate self-harm in Mumbai, India. Suicide LifeThreat Behav. 2006; 36: 223-228. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.2006.36.2.223
43. Soman C, Vijayakumar K, Ajayan K, Safraj S, Kutty V. Suicide in South India: a community-based study in Kerala. Indian J Psychiatry. 2009; 51: 261-264. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.58290
44. Manoranjitham S D, Rajkumar A P, Thangadurai P, Prasad J, Jayakaran R, Jacob K S. Risk factors for suicide in rural south India. Br J Psychiatry. 2010; 196: 26-30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.063347
45. Hendin H, Vijayuakumar L, Bertolote J M, Wang H, Phillips M R, Pirkis J. Epidemiology of suicides in Asia. In: Hendin H, Phillips MR, Vijayakumar L, eds. Suicide and Suicide Prevention in Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008: 7-18
46. National Crime Records Bureau. Accidental deaths and suicides in India. New Delhi: Government of India; 2012
47. Brent D A, Bridge J. Firearms availability and suicide: evidence, interventions, and future directions. Am Behav Sci. 2003; 46: 1192-1210
48. Shin S D, Suh G J, Rhee J E, Sung J, Kim J. Epidemiologic characteristics of death by poisoning in 1991-2001 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2004; 19: 186-194. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2004.19.2.186
49. Ung E K. Youth suicide and parasuicide in Singapore. Annals of the Academy of Medicine. 2003; 32: 12-18
50. Yip P S. Suicides in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Beijing. Br J Psychiatry. 1996; 169: 495-500
51. Laloë V. Patterns of deliberate self-burning in various parts of the world: A review. Burns. 2004; 30(3): 207-215. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2003.10.018
52. Cantor C H. Suicide in the western world. In: Hawton K, van Heeringen K, eds. International Handbook of Suicide and Attempted Suicide. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 2000: 9-28
53. Phillips M R, Li X, Zhang Y. Suicide rates in China, 1995-99. The Lancet. 2002; 359: 835-840. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07954-0
54. Niaz U, Hassan S. Culture and mental health of women in South-East Asia. World Psychiatry. 2006; 5: 118-120
55. Kumar V. Poisoning deaths in married women. J Clin Forensic Med. 2004; 11: 2-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcfm.2003.10.010
56. Kim M-D, Hong S-C, Lee S-Y, Kwak Y-S, Lee C-I, Hwang S-W, et al. Suicide risk in relation to social class: a national registerbased study of adult suicides in Korea, 1999-2001. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2006; 52: 138-151
57. Zhang J, Conwell Y, Zhou L, Jiang C. Culture, risk factors and suicide in rural China: a psychological autopsy case control study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004; 110: 430-437. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00388.x
58. Collings S, Blakely T, Atkinson J, Fawcett J. Suicide Trends and Social Factors - New Zealand from 1981 to 1999: Analyzes from the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study. Wellington: University of Otago; 2005
59. Eddleston M, Phillips M R. Self poisoning with pesticides. BMJ. 2004; 328: 42-44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7430.42
60. Rao A V. Suicide in the elderly: a report from India. Crisis. 1991; 12: 33-39
61. Cavanagh J T O, Carson A J, Sharpe M, Lawrie S M. Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2003; 33: 395-405. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006943
62. Moscicki E. Epidemiology of suicide. In: Goldsmith S, ed. Risk Factors for Suicide. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001: 1-4
63. Harris E C, Barraclough B. Excess mortality of mental disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1998; 173: 11-53
64. Hawton K, van Heeringen K. Suicide. Lancet. 2009; 373: 1372-1381
65. Nock M K, Borges G, Bromet E J, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Beautrais A, et al. Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 192: 98-105. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113