Resilience and levels of reserve capacity in later adulthood: Perspectives from life-span theory

Development and Psychopathology

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1993, Pages 541-566

  Staudinger, Ursula M ^a   Marsiske, Michael ^a   Baltes, Paul B ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84930013574     PISSN: 09545794     EISSN: 14692198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579400006155     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Aldwin C. M. (1991). Does age affect the stress and coping process? Implications of age differences in perceived control. Journal of Gerontology, 46, 174-180.
2. Antonucci T. C. (1990). Social support and social relationships. In Binstock R. H. & George L. K. (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp. 205-227). New York: Academic Press.
3. Bäckman L., & Dixon R. A. (1992). Psychological compensation: A theoretical framework. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 259-283.
4. Baltes M. M. (1988). The etiology and maintenance of dependency in the elderly: Three phases of operant research. Behavior Therapy, 19, 301-319.
5. Baltes M. M. (in press). Dependency in old age: Gains and losses. Current Directions in Psychological Science.
6. Baltes M. M., Kühl K.-P., & Sowarka D. (1992). Testing for limits of cognitive reserve capacity: A promising strategy for early diagnosis of dementia? Journal of Gerontology, 47, 165-167.
7. Baltes M. M., & Wahl H.-W. (1987). Dependence in aging. In Carstensen L. L. & Edelstein B. A. (Eds.), Handbook of clinical gerontology (pp. 204-221). New York: Pergamon Press.
8. Baltes P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23, 611-626.
9. Baltes P. B. (1993). The aging mind: Potentials and limits. Gerontologisl, 33, 580-594.
10. Baltes P. B., & Baltes M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Baltes P. B. & Baltes M. M. (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-34). New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. Baltes P. B., & Danish S. J. (1979). Intervention in life-span development and aging: Concepts and issues. In Turner R. & Reese H. W. (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology: Intervention (pp. 49-78). New York: Academic Press.
12. Baltes P. B., & Kliegl R. (1992). Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity: Negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust. Developmental Psychology, 28, 121-125.
13. Baltes P. B., & Lindenberger U. (1988). On the range of cognitive plasticity in old age as a function of experience. Fifteen years of intervention research. Behavior Therapy, 19, 283-300.
14. Baltes P. B., Reese H. W., & Lipsitt L. P. (1980). Life-span developmental psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 65-110.
15. Baltes P. B., Smith J., & Staudinger U. M. (1992). Wisdom and successful aging. In Sonderegger T. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 39, pp. 123-167). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
16. Baltes P. B., Sowarka D., & Kliegl R. (1989). Cognitive training research on fluid intelligence in old age: What can older adults achieve by themselves? Psychology and Aging, 4, 217-221.
17. Baltes P. B., & Staudinger U. M. (1993). The search for a psychology of wisdom. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 75-80.
18. Bandura A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
19. Bengtson V. L., Reedy M. N., & Gordon C. (1985). Aging and self-conceptions: Personality processes and social contexts. In Birren J. E. & Schaie K. W. (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (2nd ed., pp. 544-593). New York: Van Nostrand Rein-hold.
20. Berg C. A., & Sternberg R. J. (1985). A triarchic theory of intellectual development during adulthood. Developmental Review,, 334-370.
21. Birren J. E., & Deutchman D. E. (1991). Guiding autobiography groups for older adults. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
22. Blanchard-Fields F. (1986). Reasoning in adolescents and adults on social dilemmas varying in emotional saliency: An adult developmental perspective. Psychology and Aging, 1, 325-333.
23. Block J. (1981). Some enduring and consequential structures of personality. In Rabin A. I. (Ed.), Further explorations of personality. New York: Wiley.
24. Brandtstädter J., & Renner G. (1990). Tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment: Explication and age-related analysis of assimilative and accommodative strategies of coping. Psychology and Aging,, 58-67.
25. Brandtstädter J., & Schneewind K. A. (1977). Optimal human development: Some implications for psychology. Human Development, 20, 48-64.
26. Brandtstädter J., Wentura D., & Greve W. (1993). Adaptive resources of the aging self: Outlines of emergent perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 323-349.
27. Breytspraak L. M. (1984). The development of self in later life. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
28. Brim O. G. (1992). Ambition. How we manage success and failure throughout our lives. New York: Basic Books.
29. Bühler C., & Massarik F. (Eds.) (1968). The course of human life. New York: Springer.
30. Butler R. N. (1963). The life-review: An interpretation of reminiscence in the aged. Psychiatry, 26, 65-76. 14017386
31. Carstensen L. L. (1988). The emerging field of behavioral gerontology. Behavior Therapy, 19, 259-281.
32. Carstensen L. L. (1993). Motivation for social contact across the life span: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. In Jacobs J. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. (Vol. 40, pp. 205-254). Lincoln: University of Nebraska.
33. Chapman M. (1988). Contextuality and directionality of cognitive development. Human Development, 31, 92-106.
34. Charness N. (Ed.). (1985). Aging and human performance. Chichester: Wiley.
35. Cicchetti D. (1989). Developmental psychopathology: Past, present, and future. In Cicchetti D. (Ed.), Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychology: Vol. 1. The emergence of a discipline (pp. 1-12). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Coleman P. G. (1974). Measuring reminiscence characteristics from conversation as adaptive, features of old age. International Journal of Aging and Human Development,, 281-294.
37. Coper H., Jänicke B., & Schulze G. (1986). Biopsychological research on adaptivity across the life span of animals. In Baltes P. B., Featherman D. L., & Lerner R. M. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 7, pp. 207-232). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
38. Cornelius S. W., & Caspi A. (1987). Everyday problem solving in adulthood and old age. Psychology and Aging, 2, 144-153.
39. Costa P. T. Jr., & McCrae R. R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age. In Baltes P. B. & Brim O. G. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 39, pp. 66-102). New York: Academic Press.
40. Costa P. T. Jr., Zoderman A. B., McCrae R. R., Cornoni-Huntley J., Locke B. Z., & Barbano H. E. (1987). Longitudinal analyses of psychological well-being in a national sample: Stability of mean levels. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 50-55.
41. Cross S., & Markus H. (1991). Possible selves across the life span. Human Development, 34, 230-255.
42. Danish S. J., Smyer M. A., & Nowak C. A. (1980). Developmental intervention: Enhancing life-event processes. In Baltes P. B. & Brim O. G. Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. pp. 339-366). New York: Academic Press.
43. Denney N. W. (1984). A model of cognitive development across the life span. Developmental Review, 4, 171-191.
44. Dittmann-Kohli F. (1991). Meaning and personality change from early to late adulthood. European Journal of Gerontology, 1, 98-103.
45. Dunn L. L. (1965). A short history of genetics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
46. Edelstein W., & Noam G. (1982). Regulatory structures of the self and postformal stages in adulthood. Human Development, 25, 407-422.
47. Ericsson K. A., & Smith J. (Eds.). (1991). Towards a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. New York: Cambridge University Press.
48. Erikson E., Erikson J. M., & Kivnick H. (1986). Vital involvement in old age: The experience of old age in our time. London: Norton.
49. Filipp S.-H., & Klauer T. (1991). Subjective well-being in the face of critical life events: The case of successful coping. In Strack F., Argyle M. & Schwarz N. (Eds.), The social psychology of subjective well-being (pp. 213-235). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
50. Flavell J. H., & Wohlwill J. F. (1969). Formal and functional aspects of cognitive development. In Elkind D. & Flavell J. H. (Eds.), Studies in cognitive development (pp. 67-120). New York: Oxford University Press.
51. Folkman S., Lazarus R. S., Pimley S., & Novacek J. (1987). Age differences in stress and coping processes. Psychology and Aging, 2, 171-184.
52. Ford D. H. (1987). Humans as self-constructing living systems: A developmental perspective on behavior and personality. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Forster J. M., & Gallagher D. (1986). An exploratory study comparing depressed and nondepressed elders coping strategies. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 91-93.
54. Fries J. F. (1989). Aging well. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
55. Garmezy N. (1991). Resilience in children's adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments. Pediatric Annals, 20, 459-466. 1945543
56. Greenwald A. G., & Pratkanis A. R. (1984). The self. In Wyer R. S. Jr., & Srull T. K. (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 129-178). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
57. Heckhausen J., Dixon R. A., & Baltes P. B. (1989). Gains and losses in development throughout adulthood as perceived by different adult age groups. Developmental Psychology, 25, 109-121.
58. Heckhausen J., & Schultz R. (1993). Optimization by selection and compensation: Balancing primary and secondary control in life-span development. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16, 287-303.
59. Hertzog C., & Schaie K. W. (1988). Stability and change in adult intelligence: Simultaneous analysis of longitudinal means and covariance structures. Psychology and Aging, 3, 122-130.
60. Horn J. L., & Hofer S. M. (1992). Major abilities and development in the adult period. In Steinberg R. J. & Berg C. A. (Eds.), Intellectual development (pp. 44-49). New York: Cambridge University Press.
61. Irion J. C., & Blanchard-Fields F. (1987). A cross-sectional comparison of adaptive coping in adulthood. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 502-504.
62. Kessler R. C., & McRae J. A. (1982). The effect of wives' employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 216-227.
63. Kliegl R., & Bakes P. B. (1987). Theory-guided analysis of mechanisms of development and aging mechanisms through testing-the-limits and research on expertise. In Schooler C. & Schaie K. W. (Eds.), Cognitive functioning and social structure over the life course (pp. 95-119). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
64. Kliegl R., Smith J., & Baltes P. B. (1990). On the locus and process of magnification of age differences during mnemonic training. Developmental Psychology, 26, 894-904.
65. Kohn M. L., & Schooler C. (1978). The reciprocal effects of the substantive complexity of work and intellectual flexibility: A longitudinal assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 24-52.
66. Krampe R. (1992). Maintaining excellence: Cognitive-motor performance in pianists differing in age and skill level. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Free University Berlin, Berlin.
67. Labouvie-Vief G., Hakim-Larson J., DeVoe M., & Schoeberlein S. (1989). Emotions and self-regulation: A life-span view. Human Development, 32, 279-299.
68. Labouvie-Vief G., Hakim-Larson J., & Hobart C. J. (1987). Age, ego level, and the life-span development of coping and defense processes. Psychology and Aging, 2, 286-293.
69. Lachman M. E. (1986). Personal control in later life: Stability, change, and cognitive correlates. In Baltes M. M. & Baltes P. B. (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 207-236). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
70. Lazarus R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 1-21.
71. Lazarus R. S., & DeLongis A. (1983). Psychological stress and coping in aging. American Psychologist, 38, 245-254.
72. Lerner R. M. (1984). On the nature of human plasticity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
73. Levenson R. W., Carstensen L. L., Friesen W. V., & Ekman P. (1991). Emotion, physiology, and expression in old age. Psychology and Aging, 6, 28-35.
74. Lewis C. N. (1971). Reminiscing and self-concept in old age. Journal of Gerontology, 26, 240-243.
75. Lindenberger U., & Baltes P. B. (in press). Intellectual aging. In Sternberg R. J. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of intelligence. New York: Macmillan.
76. Lindenberger U., Mayr U., & Kliegl R. (1993). Speed and intelligence in old age. Psychology and Aging, 8, 207-220.
77. Linville P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 663-676.
78. Loevinger J. (1976). Ego development: Conception and theory. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
79. Maddox G. L. (Ed.). (1987). The encyclopedia of aging. New York: Springer.
80. Magnusson D., & Öhman A. (Eds.). (1987). Psychopathology. An interactional perspective. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
81. Malatesta C. Z., & Kalnok M. (1984). Emotional experience in younger and older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 301-308.
82. Markus H. R., & Herzog A. R. (1991). The role of the self-concept in aging. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 11, 111-143.
83. Marsiske M., & Willis S. L. (1993). Dimensionality of everyday problem solving in older adults. Manuscript submitted for publication.
84. Masten A. S., Best K. M., & Garmezy N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
85. McCrae R. R. (1989). Age differences and changes in the use of coping mechanisms. Journal of Gerontology, 44, 919-928.
86. Molinari V., & Reichlin R. E. (1984/1985). Life review and reminiscence in the elderly: A review of the literature. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 20, 81-92.
87. Nelson E. A., & Dannefer D. (1992). Aged heterogeneity: Fact or fiction? The fate of diversity in geron-tological research. Gerontologist, 32, 17-23.
88. Nisbett R. E. (1980). History of the idea of progress. New York: Basic Books.
89. Ochse R., & Plug C. (1986). Cross-cultural investigation of the validity of Erickson's theory of personality development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 1240-1252.
90. Perlmutter M. (Ed.). (1990). Late-life potential. Washington, DC: Gerontological Society of America.
91. Pfeiffer E. (1977). Psychopathology and social pathology. In Birren J. E. & Schaie K. W. (Eds). Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 650-671). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
92. Reifman A., Klein J. G., & Murphy S. T. (1989). Self-monitoring and age. Psychology and Aging, 4, 245-246.
93. Reker G. T., & Wong P. T. P., (1988). Aging as an individual process. Toward a theory of personal meaning. In Birren J. E. & Bengtson V. L. (Eds.), Emergent theories of aging (pp. 214-246). New York: Springer.
94. Riley M. W., & Riley J. W. Jr. (Eds.). (1989). The quality of aging: Strategies for interventions. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 503 (special issue).
95. Rowe J. W., & Kahn R. L. (1987). Human aging: Usual and successful. Science, 237, 143-149.
96. Rutter M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.
97. Ryff C. D. (1989). In the eye of the beholder: Views of psychological well-being among middle-aged and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 4, 195-210.
98. Ryff C. D. (1991). Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons. Psychology and Aging, 6, 286-295.
99. Salthouse T. A. (1991). Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
100. Schaie K. W. (1965). A general model of the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92-107.
101. Schaie K. W. (1989). The hazards of cognitive aging. Gerontologist, 29, 484-493.
102. Schaie K. W., Dutta R., & Willis S. L. (1991). Relationship between rigidity flexibility and cognitive abilities in adulthood. Psychology & Aging, 6, 371-383.
103. Sherman E. (1991). Reminiscence and the self in old age. New York: Springer.
104. Simonton D. K. (1990). Creativity in the later years: Optimistic prospects for achievement. Gerontologist, 30, 626-631.
105. Smith J., & Baltes P. B. (1990). A study of wisdom-related knowledge: Age/cohort differences in responses to life planning problems. Developmental Psychology, 26, 494-505.
106. Staudinger U. M., (1989). The study oflife review. An approach to the investigation of intellectual development across the life span. Berlin: Edition Sigma.
107. Staudinger U. M., Cornelius S. W., & Baltes P. B. (1989). The aging of intelligence: Potential and limits. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 503, 43-39.
108. Staudinger U. M., Freund A., & Smith J. (1993). The goal system: A facet of the resilient self in old age? Unpublished manuscript, Max Planck Institute for Human Development and Education, Berlin.
109. Staudinger U. M., Smith J., & Baltes P. B. (1992). Wisdom-related knowledge in a life review task: Age differences and the role of professional specialization. Psychology and Aging, 7, 271-281.
110. Sternberg R. J., & Wagner R. K. (Eds.). (1986). Practical intelligence: Nature and origins of competence in the everyday world. New York: Cambridge University Press.
111. Suls J. N., & Mullen B. (1982). From the cradle to the grave: Comparison and self-evaluation across the life-span. In Suls J. (Ed.), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 1, pp. 97-128). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
112. Taylor S. E., & Lobel M. (1989). Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 569-575.
113. Uttal D. H., & Perlmutter M. (1989). Toward a broader conceptualization of development: The role of gains and losses across the life span. Developmental Review, 9, 101-132.
114. Vaillant G. E. (1977). Adaptation to life. Boston: Little Brown.
115. Verhaeghen P., Marcoen A., & Goosens L. (1992). Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: A meta-analytic study. Psychology and Aging, 7, 242-251.
116. Weiner B., & Graham S. (1989). Understanding the motivational role of affect: Life-span research from an attributional perspective. Cognition and Emotion, 3, 410-419.
117. Whitbourne S. K. (1987). Personality development in adulthood and old age: Relationships among identity style, health, and well-being. Annual Review of Gerontology & Geriatrics, 7, 189-216. 3120749
118. Willis S. L. (1987). Cognitive training and everyday competence. In Schaie K. W. (Ed.), Annual review of gerontology and pediatrics (Vol. 7, pp. 159-188). New York: Springer.
119. Willis S. L., & Nesselroade C. S. (1990). Long-term effects of fluid ability training in old-old age. Developmental Psychology, 26, 905-910.
120. Willis S. L., & Schaie K. W. (1986). Training the elderly on the ability factors of spatial orientation and inductive reasoning. Psychology and Aging, 1, 7-12.
121. Wong P. T. P., & Watt L. M. (1991). What types of reminiscence are associated with successful aging? Psychology and Aging, 6, 272-279.
122. Wood J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231-248.
123. Yang J. A., & Rehm L. P. (1993). A study of autobiographical memories in depressed and nondepressed elderly individuals. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 36, 39-55.