Ship detection with spectral analysis of synthetic aperture radar: A comparison of new and well-known algorithms

Remote Sensing

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 5416-5439

  Marino, Armando ^a,b   Sanjuan Ferrer, Maria J ^c   Hajnsek, Irena ^a,c   Ouchi, Kazuo ^d  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b OPEN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^d Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering   (South Korea)

Author keywords

SAR; Ship detection; Sub look analysis

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; AUTOMATION; OCEAN CURRENTS; POLARIMETERS; POLARIZATION; RADAR; RADAR IMAGING; REMOTE SENSING; SHIPS; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM; POLARIMETRIC DATA; PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTS; SAR; SHIP DETECTION; SINGLE LOOK COMPLEX SAR IMAGES; SOLAR ILLUMINATION; SUB-LOOK ANALYSIS;

SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR;

EID: 84930012451     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20724292     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/rs70505416     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Barele, V.; Gade, M. Remote Sensing of the European Seas; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2008.
2. Franceschetti, G.; Lanari, R. Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 1999.
3. Crisp, D.J. The State-of-the-Art in ship detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery. Available online: http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA426096 (accessed on 9 April 2015).
4. Sanjuan-Ferrer, M.J. Detection of Coherent Scatterers in SAR Data: Algorithms and Applications. Ph.D. Thesis, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2013.
5. Sanjuan-Ferrer, M.; Hajnsek, I.; Papathanassiou, K.; Moreira, A. A new detection algorithm for coherent scatterers in SAR data. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2015, submitted.
6. Schneider, R.Z.; Papathanassiou, K.P.; Hajnsek, I.; Moreira, A. Polarimetric and interferometric characterization of coherent scatterers in urban areas. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2006, 44, 971-984.
7. Arnaud, A. Ship detection by SAR interferometry. In Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Hamburg, Germany, 28 June-2 July 1999; Volume 5, pp. 2616-2618.
8. Ouchi, K.; Tamaki, S.; Yaguchi, H.; Iehara, M. Ship detection based on coherence images derived from cross correlation of multilook SAR images. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2004, 1, 184-187.
9. Jackson, C.R.; Apel, J.R. Synthetic Aperture Radar Marine Users Manual; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Avasilable online: http://www.sarusersmanual.com/(accessed on 23 April 2015).
10. Cloude, S.R. Polarisation: Applications in Remote Sensing; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2009.
11. Alpers, W. Imaging Ocean Surface Waves by Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Review; Ellis Horwood Ltd.: Cambridge, UK, 1983.
12. Elfouhaily, T.B.; Chapron, K.K.; Vandemark, D. A unified directional spectrum for long and short wind-driven waves. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102, 15781-15796.
13. Plant, W.J. Surfaces, Waves and Fluxes: Bragg Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves from the Air/Sea Interface; Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1990.
14. Thompson, D.R. Radar Scattering from Modulated Wind Waves: Calculation of Microwave Doppler Spectra from the Ocean Surface with a Time-Dependent Composite Model; Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1989.
15. Wackerman, C.; Friedman, K.; Pichel, W.; Clemente-Colon, P.; Li, X. Automatic detection of ships in RADARSAT-1 SAR imagery. Can. J. Remote Sens. 2001, 27, 568-577.
16. Brizi, M.; Lombardo, P.; Pastina, D. Exploiting the shadow information to increase the target detection performance in SAR images. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Radar Systems, RADAR'99: Brest, Germany, 17-21 May 1999.
17. Campbell, J.; Vachon, P. Optimisation of the Ocean FeaturesWorkstation for ship detection. Canadian Centre of Remote Sensing: Suwanee, GA, USA, 1997.
18. Marino, A.; Cloude, S.R.; Woodhouse, I.H. A polarimetric target detector using the Huynen Fork. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2010, 48, 2357-2366.
19. Chapple, P.; Bertilone, D.; Caprari, R.; Newsam, G. Stochastic modelbased processing for detection of small targets in non-Gaussian natural imagery. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 2001, 10, 554-564.
20. Conte, E.; Lops, M.; Ricci, G. Asymptotically optimum radar detection in compound-Gaussian clutter. IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 1995, 31, 617-625.
21. Ferrara, G.; Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, F. and Sorrentino, A. Generalized-K (GK)-based observation of metallic objects at sea in full-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data: a multipolarization study. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 2011, 36, 195-204.
22. Friedman, K.; Wackerman, C.; Funk.; Pichel, W.; Clemente-Colon, P.; Li, X. Validation of a CFAR vessel detection algorithm using known vessel locations. In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'01), Sydney, NSW, Australia, 9-13 July 2001; pp. 1804-1806.
23. Johannessen, J. Coastal observing systems: The role of synthetic aperture radar. Johns Hopkins APL Tech. Dig. 2000, 21, 41-48.
24. Lopes, A.; Nezry, E.; Touzi, R.; Laur, H. Structure detection and statistical adaptive speckle filtering in SAR images. Int. J. Remote Sens. 1993, 14, 1735-1758.
25. Olsen, R.; Wahl, T. The ship detection capability of ENVISAT's ASAR. In Proceedings of the IEEE 2003 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS'03), Toulouse, France, 21-25 July 2003.
26. Schwartz, G.; Alvarez, M.; Varfis, A.; Kourti, N. Elimination of false positives in vessels detection and identification by remote sensing. In Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS-02), Toronto, ON, Canada, 24-28 June 2002; pp. 116-118.
27. Wang, C.; Jiang, S.; Zhang, H.; Wu, F.; Zhang, B. Ship detection for high-resolution SAR images based on feature analysis member. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2014, 11, 119-123.
28. Brusch, S.; Lehner, S.; Fritz, T.; Soccorsi, M.; Soloviev, A.; van Schie, B. Ship surveillance with TerraSAR-X. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2011, 49, 1092-1103.
29. Iervolino, P.; Guida, R.; Whittaker, P. NovaSAR-S and maritime surveillance. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, 21-26 July 2013.
30. Dell Acqua, F.; Gamba, P.; Lisini, G. Rapid mapping of high resolution SAR scenes. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 2009, 62, 482-489.
31. Kay, S.M. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1993.
32. Riley, K.F.; Hobson, M.P.; Bence, S.J. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2006.
33. Sanjuan-Ferrer, M.J.; Hajnsek, I.; Papathanassiou, K.P. Analysis of the detection performance of Coherent Scatterers in SAR images. In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany, 22-27 July 2012.
34. Souyris, J.C.; Henry, C.; Adragna, F. On the use of complex SAR image spectral analysis for target detection: Assessment of polarimetry. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2003, 41, 2725-2734.
35. Brekke, C.; Anfinsen, S.N.; Larsen, Y. Subband extraction strategies in ship detection with the subaperture cross-correlation magnitude. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2013, 10, 786-790.
36. Oliver, C.; Quegan, S. Understanding Synthetic Aperture Radar Images; SciTech Publishing, Inc.: Herndon, VI, USA, 2004.
37. Cumming, I.; Wong, F. Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementations; Artech House: Boston, MA, USA, 2005.
38. Ouchi, K.; Iehara, M.; Morimura, K.; Kumano, S.; Takami, I. Nonuniform azimuth image shift observed in the Radarsat images of ships in motion. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2002, 40, 2188-2195.
39. Anfinsen, S.N.; Brekke, C. Statistical models for constant false alarm rate ship detection with the sublook correlation magnitude. In Proceedings of 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Munich, Germany, 22-27 July 2012; pp. 5626-5629.
40. Touzi, R. On the use of polarimetric SAR data for ship detection. In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Hamburg, Germany, 28 June-2 July 1999; pp. 812-814.
41. Yeremy, M.; Geling, G.; Rey, M.; Plache, B.; Henschel, M. Results from the CRUSADE ship detection trial: Polarimetric SAR. In Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toronto, ON, Canada, 24-28 June 2002.
42. Marino, A. A notch filter for ship detection with polarimetric SAR data. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 2013, 6, 1219-1232.
43. Marino, A.; Sugimoto, M.; Ouchi, K.; Hajnsek, I. Validating a notch filter for detection of targets at sea with ALOS-PALSAR data: Tokyo bay. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 2013, 7, 4907-4918.
44. Marino, A.; Walker, N. Ship detection with quad polarimetric TerraSAR-X data: An adaptive notch filter. In Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Vancouver, BC, USA, 24-29 July 2011 ; pp. 245-248.
45. Migliaccio, M.; Nunziata, N.; Montuori, A.; Paes, R. L. Single Look Complex COSMO-SkyMed SAR data to observe metallic targets at sea. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 2012, 5, 893-901.
46. Nunziata, F.; Migliaccio, M.; Brown, C. Reflection symmetry for polarimetric observation of man-made metallic targets at sea. IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 2012, 37, 384-394.
47. Velotto, D.; Nunziata, F.; Migliaccio, M.; Lehner, S. Dual-Polarimetric TerraSAR-X SAR data for target at sea observation. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2013, 10, 1114-1118.
48. Cameron, W.; Youssef, N.; Leung, L. Simulated polarimetric signatures of primitive geometrical shapes. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 1996, 34, 793-803.
49. Tomiyasu, K. and Scheiber, R. Detecting weak targets in a speckled distributed scene by SAR reconfiguration. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarCon), Pasadena, CA, USA, 4-8 May 2009.
50. Sugimoto, M.; Ouchi, K.; Nakamura, Y. On the similarity between dual-and quad-eigenvalue analysis in SAR polarimetry. Remote Sens. Lett. 2013, 4, 956-964.
51. Elachi, C.; van Zyl, J. Introduction To The Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing; John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2006.