Japanese exports and foreign direct investment: Imperfect competition in international markets

Japanese Exports and Foreign Direct Investment: Imperfect Competition in International Markets

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-259

  Yamawaki, Hideki ^a  

^a CLAREMONT GRADUATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929863932     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511619038     Document Type: Book

References (359)

1. Abegglen, J. C., and G. Stalk, Jr. 1985. Kaisha: The Japanese Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
2. Administrative Management Agency. 1980. 1965-1970-1975 Link Input-Output Tables, Data Report 1. Tokyo: Administrative and Management Agency.
3. Altomonte, C., and E. Pennings. 2003. “Oligopolistic Reaction to Foreign Investment in Discrete Choice Panel Data Models,” Universita Bocconi, IGIER Working Paper No. 243.
4. Andersson, T., and T. Fredriksson. 2000. “Distinction between Intermediate and Finished Products in Intra-Firm Trade,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18(5), 773-792.
5. Ando, A., and A. Auerbach. 1988. “The Cost of Capital in the United States and Japan: A Comparison,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2, 134-158.
6. Aoki, M. 1984. “Shareholders’ Non-Unanimity on Investment Financing: Banks vs. Individual Investors,” in M. Aoki (Ed.), The Economic Analysis of the Japanese Firm. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
7. Aoki, M. 1986. “Horizontal vs. Vertical Information Structure of the Firm,” American Economic Review, 76, 971-83.
8. Aoki, M. 1987. “The Japanese Firm in Transition,” in K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (Eds.), The Political Economy of Japan: Volume 1. The Domestic Transformation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. Aoki, M. 1990. “Toward an Economic Model of the Japanese Firm,” Journal of Economic Literature, 28, 1-27.
10. Artus, J. R., 1970, “The Short-Run Effects of Domestic Demand Pressure on British Export Performance,” IMF Staff Papers, 17(July), 247-275.
11. Asaba, S., and M. B. Lieberman. 1997. “Market Share Instability and Size Similarity Some Evidence of Behavioral Similarity among Japanese Firms,” John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management at UCLA, Working paper.
12. Asaba, S., and M. B. Lieberman. 1999. “Why Do Firms Behave Similarly? A Study of New Product Introduction in the Japanese Soft-Drink Industry,” Academy of Management Proceedings, 1999 BPS: M1-M6.
13. Asaba, S., and H. Yamawaki. 2005. “Changes in the Determinants of Profits: A Study of Foreign Subsidiaries in the Japanese Manufacturing Industries in the 1980s and 1990s,” in T. Roehl and A. Bird (Eds.), Japanese Firms in Transition: Responding to the Globalization Challenge, Advances in International Management, 17, 289-324.
14. Asanuma, B. 1989. “Manufacture-Supplier Relationships in Japan and the Concept of Relation-Specific Skill,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 3, 1-30.
15. Audretsch, D. B. 1995. Innovation and Industry Evolution. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
16. Audretsch, D. B. 2002. “The Dynamic Role of Small Firms: Evidence from the US,” Small Business Economics, 18, 13-40.
17. Audretsch, D. B., and H. Yamawaki. 1988. “R&D Rivalry, Industrial Policy, and U.S.- Japanese Trade,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, 438-447.
18. Audretsch, D. B., L. Sleuwaegen, and H. Yamawaki. 1989. “The Dynamics of Export Competition,” in D. B. Audretsch, L. Sleuwaegen, and H. Yamawaki (Eds.), The Convergence of International and Domestic Markets. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
19. Bain, J. S. 1956. Barriers to New Competition: Their Characters and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20. Balassa, B., and M. Noland. 1989. “The Changing Comparative Advantage of Japan and the United States,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 3, 174-188.
21. Baldwin, J. R. 1995. The Dynamics of Industrial Competition: A North American Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
22. Baldwin, R. E. 1988. “Hysteresis in Import Prices: The Beachhead Effect,” American Economic Review, 78(September), 773-785.
23. Baldwin, R. E., and P. R. Krugman. 1988a. “Market Access and International Competition: A Simulation Study of 16K Random Access Memories,” in R. C. Feenstra (Ed.), Empirical Methods for International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Baldwin, R. E., and P. R. Krugman. 1988b. “Industrial Policy and International Competition in Wide-Bodied Jet Aircraft,” in R. E. Baldwin (Ed.), Trade Policy and Empirical Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
25. Baldwin, R. E., and G. I. P. Ottaviano. 2001. “Multiproduct Multinationals and Reciprocal FDI Dumping,” Journal of International Economics, 54, 429-448.
26. Ball, R. J., J. R. Eaton, and M. D. Steuer. 1966. “The Relationship between United Kingdom Export Performance in Manufacturers andthe Internal Pressure of Demand,” Economic Journal, 76(September), 501-518.
27. Banerjee, A. V. 1992. “A Simple Model of Herd Behavior,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 797-817.
28. Barkema, H. G., J. H. J. Bell, and J. Pennings. 1996. “Foreign Entry, Cultural Barriers, and Learning,” Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 151-166.
29. Belderbos, R. 1997a. Japanese Electronic Multinationals and Strategic Trade Policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
30. Belderbos, R. 1997b. “Antidumping and Tariff Jumping: Japanese Firms’ FDI in the European Union andthe United States,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 133,419-457.
31. Belderbos, R. 2003. “Entry Mode, Organizational Learning, and R&D in Foreign Affiliates: Evidence from Japanese Firms,” Strategic Management Journal, 24, 235-259.
32. Belderbos, R., and L. Sleuwaegen. 1996. “Japanese Firms and the Decision to Invest Abroad: Business Groups and Regional Core Networks,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, 221-231.
33. Belderbos, R., and L. Sleuwaegen. 1998. “Tariff Jumping DFI and Export Substitution: Japanese Electronics Firms in Europe,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 16, 601-638.
34. Bergsten, F. C., T. Horst, and T. H. Moran. 1978. American Multinationals and American Interests. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
35. Bernard, J. R., J. Eaton, J. B. Jensen, and S. Kortum. 2003. “Plants and Productivity in International Trade,” American Economic Review, 93, 1268-1290.
36. Bernard, J. R., and J. B. Jensen. 2004. “Why Some Firms Export?” Review of Economics and Statistics, 86, 561-569.
37. Biggadike, E. R. 1979. Corporate Diversification: Entry, Strategy, and Performance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
38. Bikhchandani, S., D. Hirshleifer, and I. Welch. 1992. “A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades,” Journal of Political Economy, 100, 992-1026.
39. Birkinshaw, J., and N. Hood. 1998. “Multinational Subsidiary Evolution: Capability and Charter Change in Foreign-Owned Subsidiary Companies,” Academy of Management Review, 23, 773-795.
40. Birkinshaw, J., N. Hood, and S. Jonsson. 1998. “Building Firm-Specific Advantages in Multinational Corporations: The Role of Subsidiary Initiative,” Strategic Management Journal, 19, 221-241.
41. Blonigen, B. A. 1997. “Firm-Specific Assets and the Link between Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment,” American Economic Review, 87 (June), 447-465.
42. Blonigen, B. A. 2001. “In Search of Substitution between Foreign Production and Exports,” Journal of International Economics, 53, 81-104.
43. Brainard, S. L. 1993. “A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade, with a Trade-Off between Proximity and Concentration,” NBER Working Paper No. 4269.
44. Brainard, S. L. 1997. “An Empirical Assessment of the Proximity-Concentration Trade-Off between Multinational Sales and Trade,” American Economic Review, 87, 520-544.
45. Brandenburger, A., and B. Polak. 1996. “When Managers Cover Their Posteriors: Making the Decisions the Market Wants to See,” Rand Journal of Economics, 27, 523-541.
46. Brander, J. A. 1981. “Intra-Industry Trade in Identical Commodities,” Journal of International Economics, 11(February), 1-14.
47. Brander, J. A., and P. R. Krugman. 1983. “A Reciprocal Dumping Model of International Trade,” Journal of International Economics, 15(November), 313-321.
48. Brander, J., and B. Spencer. 1984. “Tariff Protection and Imperfect Competition,” in H. Kierzkowski (Ed.), Monopolistic Competition and International Trade. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
49. Branstetter, L., and M. Sakakibara. 1998. “Japanese Research Consortia: A Microeconometric Analysis of Industrial Policy,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 46, 207-233.
50. Bunch, D., and R. Smiley. 1992. “Who Deters Entry? Evidence on the Use ofStrategic Entry Deterrents,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, 509-521.
51. Cabral, L. M. B. 1995. “Conjectural Variations as a Reduced Form,” Economic Letters, 49, 397-402.
52. Cantwell, J. 1989. Technological Innovations in Multinational Corporations. London: Basil Blackwell.
53. Casson, M. and Associates 1986. Multinationals and World Trade: Vertical Integration and the Division of Labor in World Industries. London: Allen & Unwin.
54. Caves, R. E. 1971. “International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment,” Economica, 38(February), 176-193.
55. Caves, R. E. 1974. “International Trade, International Investment, and Imperfect Markets,” Special Papers in International Economics[y3], No. 10, November, International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University.
56. Caves, R. E. 1989. “International Differences in Industrial Organization,” in R. Schmalensee and R. Willig (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization (Vol. 2). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
57. Caves, R. E. 1991. “Corporate Mergers in International Economic Integration,” in A. Giovannini and C. Mayer (Eds.) European Financial Integration, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
58. Caves, R. E. 1993. “Japanese Investment in the United States: Lessons fortheEconomic Analysis of Foreign Investment,” World Economy, 16(May), 279-300.
59. Caves, R. E. 1996. Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
60. Caves, R. E. 1998. “Industrial Organization and New Findings on the Mobility and Turnover of Firms,” Journal of Economic Literature, 36(December), 1947-1982.
61. Caves, R. E., J. Khalizadeh-Shirazi, and M. E. Porter. 1975. “Scale Economies in Statistical Analysis of Market Power,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 57, 130-140.
62. Caves, R. E., and Mehra, S. K. 1986. “Entry of Foreign Multinationals into U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” in M. E. Porter (Ed.), Competition in Global Industries. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
63. Caves, R. E., and M. E. Porter. 1976. “Barriers to Exit,” in R. T. Masson and P. D. Qualls (Eds.), Essays on Industrial Organization in HonorofJoeS. Bain. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
64. Caves, R. E., and M. E. Porter. 1977. “From Entry Barriers to Mobility Barriers: Conjectural Decisions and Contrived Deterrence to New Competition,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 81, 243-261.
65. Caves, R. E., M. E. Porter, and A. M. Spence, with J. T. Scott. 1980. Competition in the Open Economy: A Model Applied to Canada. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
66. Caves, R. E., and T. Pugel. 1980. “Intraindustry Differences in Conduct and Performance: Viable Strategies in U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” Monograph Series in Finance and Economics, 1980, No. 2, Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions, New York University.
67. Caves, R. E., and P. J. Williamson. 1985. “What is Product Differentiation, Really?” Journal of Industrial Economics, 34(December), 113-131.
68. Caves, R. E., and M. Uekusa. 1976. Industrial Organization in Japan. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
69. Chang, S.-J. 1995. “International Expansion Strategy of Japanese Firms: Capability Building through Sequential Entry,” Academy of Management Journal, 38, 383-407.
70. Clark, K. B., and T. Fujimoto. 1991. Product Development Performance: Strategy, Organization and Management in the World Auto Industry. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
71. Clark, D. P. “On the Relative Importance of International Transport Charges as a Barrier to Trade,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, 21, 127-135.
72. Coase, R. H. 1971. “The Nature ofthe Firm,” Economica, 4(November), 386-405.
73. Collis, D. J. 1991. “A Resource-based Analysis of Global Competition: The Case of the Bearing Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, 12, 49-68.
74. Comanor, W. S., and T. A. Wilson. 1974. Advertising and Market Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
75. Cool, K., and I. Dierickx, 1993, “Rivalry, Strategic Groups and Firm Profitability,” Strategic Management Journal, 14, 47-59.
76. Cowling, K., and M. Waterson. 1976. “Price-Cost Margins and Market Structure,” Economica, 43, 267-274.
77. Cubbin, J., and S. Domberger, 1988, “Advertising and Post-Entry Oligopoly Behavior,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 37, 123-140.
78. Davies, S. W., and A. J. McGuinness. 1982. “Dumping at Less than Marginal Cost,” Journal of International Economics, 12(February), 169-182.
79. Deardorff, A. V. 1984. “Testing Trade Theories and Predicting Trade Flows,” in R. W. Jones and P. B. Kenen (Eds.), Handbook of International Economics (Vol. 1). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
80. Dixit, A. 1980. “The Role of Investment in Entry Deterrence,” Economic Journal, 90, 95-106.
81. Dockner, E. J. 1992. “A Dynamic Theory of Conjectural Variations,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 40, 377-395.
82. Dornbusch, R., 1987, “Exchange Rates and Prices,” American Economic Review, 77(March), 93-106.
83. Drake, T. A., and Caves, R. E. 1992. “Changing Determinants of Japan’s Foreign Direct Investment in the United States,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 6, 228-246.
84. Dubin, M. 1976. Foreign Acquisitions and the Growth of the Multinational Firm. Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, D.B.A. dissertation.
85. Dunlevy, J. A. 1980. “A Test ofthe Capacity Pressure Hypothesis within a Simultaneous Equations Model of Export Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 62(February), 131-135.
86. Dunne, T., M. J. Roberts, and L. Samuelson. 1988. “Patterns of Firm Entry and Exit to U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” Rand Journal of Economics, 19 (Winter), 495-513.
87. Dunning, J. H. 1977. “Trade, Location of Economic Activity, and the MNE: A Search for an Eclectic Approach,” in B. Ohlin, P.-O. Hesselborn, and P. M. Wijkman (Eds.), The International Allocation of Economic Activity: Proceedings of a Nobel Symposium Held at Stockholm, London: Macmillan.
88. Dunning, J. H. 1986. Japanese Participation in British Industry. London: Croom Helm.
89. Dunning, J. H. 1996. “Explaining Foreign Direct Investment in Japan: Some Theoretical Insights,” in M. Yoshitomi and E. M. Graham (Eds.), Foreign Direct Investment in Japan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
90. Dyer, J. H. 1996. “Specialized Supplier Networks as a Source of Competitive Advantage: Evidence from the Auto Industry,” Strategic Management Journal, 17, 271-291.
91. Eads, G. C., and K. Yamamura. 1987. “The Future of Industrial Policy,” in K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (Eds.), The Political Economy of Japan: Volume 1. The Domestic Transformation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
92. Eaton, J., and A. Tamura. 1994. “Bilateralism and Regionalism in Japanese and U.S. Trade and Direct Foreign Investment Patterns,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economics, 8(December), 478-510.
93. Eichengreen, B. J., 1982. “The Simple Analytics of Dumping,” Harvard Institute of Economic Research, Discussion Paper 943, (December).
94. Eichengreen, B. J., and H. van der Ven. 1984. “U.S. Antidumping Policies: The Case of Steel,” in Robert E. Baldwin and A. O. Krueger (Eds.), The Structure and Evolution of Recent U.S. Trade Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
95. Encarnation, D. J. 1987. “Cross-Investment: A Second Front of Economic Rivalry,” California Management Review, 29, 20-48.
96. Encarnation, D. 1992. Rivals Beyond Trade: America versus Japan in Global Competition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
97. Encarnation, D., and M. Mason. 1990. “Neither MITI nor America: the Political Economy of Capital Liberalization in Japan,” International Organization, 44 (1), 25-54.
98. Erdilek, A. (Ed.). 1985. Multinational as Mutual Invaders:Intra-Industry Direct Foreign Investment. London: Croom Helm.
99. Ethier, W. J. 1982. “Dumping,” Journal of Political Economy, 90(June), 487-509.
100. Evans, D. S. 1987. “The Relationship Between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Evidence for 100 Manufacturing Industries,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 35(June), 567-581.
101. Feenstra, R. C. 1989. “Symmetric Pass-Through of Tariffs and Exchange Rates Under Imperfect Competition: An Empirical Test,” Journal of International Economics, 27, 25-45.
102. Fiegenbaum, A., and H. Thomas. 1990. “Strategic Groups and Performance: The U.S. Insurance Industry, 1974-84,” Strategic Management Journal, 11, 197-215.
103. Flowers, E. B. 1976. “Oligopolistic Reactions in European and Canadian Direct Investment in the United States,” Journal ofInternational Business Studies, 7(Fall/Winter), 43-55.
104. Franko, L. G. 1976. The European Multinationals: A Renewed Challenge to American and British Big Business. Stamford, CT: Greylock.
105. Franko, L. G. 1983. TheThreat of Japanese Multinationals-How the West Can Respond. Norwich: IRM.
106. Froot, K. A. 1991. “Japanese Foreign Direct Investment,” NBER Working Paper, Series No. 3737.
107. Froot, K. A., and J. C. Stein. 1991. “Exchange Rates and Foreign Direct Investment: An Imperfect Capital Markets Approach,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 1191-1217.
108. Frost, T. S., J. M. Birkinshaw, and P. Ensign. 2002. “Centers ofExcellence in Multinational Corporations,” Strategic Management Journal, 23, 997-1018.
109. Fujimoto, T. 1999. The Evolution of a Manufacturing System at Toyota. New York: Oxford University Press.
110. Fujita, M., P. Krugman, and A. J. Venables. 1999. The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
111. Fukao, K., and T. Amano. 2004. Tainichi Chokusetsu Toshi to Nihon Keizai ([Foreign Direct Investment and the Japanese Economy]). Tokyo: Nikkei Shinbun-Sha.
112. Fukao, K., K. Ito, and H. U. Kwon. 2005. “Do Out-In M & As Bring Higher TFP to Japan?: An Empirical Analysis Based on Micro-data on Japanese Manufacturing Firms,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 19, 272-301.
113. Fukao, K., K. G. Nishimura, Q.-Y. Sui, and M. Tomiyama. 2005. “Japanese Banks’ Monitoring Activities and the Performance of Borrower Firms: 1981-1996,” International Economics and Economic Policy, 2, 337-362.
114. Fung, K. C. 1991. “Characteristics of Japanese Industrial Groups and Their Potential Impact on US-Japan Trade,” in R. Baldwin (Ed.), Empirical Studies of Commercial Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
115. Gaskins, Jr., D. W. 1971. “Dynamic Limit Pricing: Optimal Pricing under Threat of Entry,” Journal of Economic Theory, 3, 306-322.
116. Geroski, P. A. 1995. “What Do We Know about Entry?” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13(December), 421-440.
117. Geroski, P. A., and J. Schwalbach. 1991. Entry and Market Contestability, An International Comparison. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
118. Gerybadze, A., and G. Reger. 1999. “Globalization of R&D: Recent Changes in Management of Innovation in Transnational Corporation,” Research Policy, 28, 251-274.
119. Ghemawat, P. 1984. “Capacity Expansion in the Titanium Dioxide Industry,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 33(December), 145-163.
120. Ghemawat, P. 2005. “Regional Strategies for Global Leadership,” Harvard Business Review, 83, 98-109.
121. Ghoshal, S., and C. Bartlett. 1990. “The Multinational Corporation as an Interorga- nizational Network,” Academy of Management Review, 15, 603-625.
122. Gilbert, R. J., and Newbery, D. M. 1992. “Alternative Entry Paths: The Build or Buy Decision,” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 1(Spring), 129-150.
123. Girma, S., D. Greenaway, and K. Wakelin. 2002. “Does Antidumping Stimulate FDI? Evidence from Japanese Firms in the UK,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 138, 414-436.
124. Goldberg, P. K., and M. M. Knetter. 1997. “Goods Prices and Exchange Rates: What Have We Learned?” Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 1243-1272.
125. Gorecki, P. K. 1976. “The Determinants of Entry by Domestic and Foreign Enterprises in Canadian Manufacturing Industries: Some Comments and Empirical Evidence,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 58, 485-488.
126. Goto, A. 1996. “Cooperative Research in Japanese Manufacturing Industries: Innovation in R&D System,” in A. Goto and H. Odagiri (Eds.), Innovation in Japan: Empirical Studies in the National and Corporate Activities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
127. Goto, A., and K. Suzuki. 1989. “R&D Capital, Rate of Return on R&D Investment and Spillover of R&D in Japanese Manufacturing Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, 555-564.
128. Goto, A., and R. Wakasugi. 1988. “Technology Policy,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura (Eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
129. Graham, E. M. 1978. “Transatlantic Investment by Multinational Firms: A Rivalistic Phenomenon?” Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 1, 82-99.
130. Graham, E. M. 1996. “What Can the Theory of Foreign Direct Investment Tell Us about the low level of Foreign Firm Participation in the Economy of Japan?” in M. Yoshitomi and E. M. Graham (Eds.), Foreign Direct Investment in Japan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
131. Graham, E. M., and P. R. Krugman. 1989. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
132. Green, E. J., and R. H. Porter. 1984. “Noncooperative Collusion under Imperfect Price Information,” Econometrica, 52, 87-100.
133. Gron, A., and D. L. Swenson. 1996. “Incomplete Exchange-Rate Pass-Through and Imperfect Competition: The Effect of Local Production,” American Economic Review, 86, 71-76.
134. Gruenspecht, H. K. 1988. “Dumping and Dynamic Competition,” Journal of International Economics, 25, 225-248.
135. Hackett, S. C., and K. Srinivasan. 1998. “Do Suppliers Switching Costs Differ across Japanese and U.S. Multinational Firms?” Japan and the World Economy, 10, 13-32.
136. Harberler, G. 1937. The Theory of International Trade with Its Application to Commercial Policy. New York: Macmillan.
137. Harrigan, J., and R. Vanjani. 2003. “Is Japan’s Trade (Still) Different?” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 17, 507-519.
138. Haskel, J., and P. Scaramozzino. 1997. “Do Other Firms Matter in Oligopolies?” Journal of Industrial Economics, 45, 27-45.
139. Hazledine, T. 1980. “Testing Two Models of Pricing and Protection with Canada/United States Data,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 29(December), 145-154.
140. Head, K., and T. Mayer. 2004. “Market Potential and the Location of Japanese Investment in the European Union,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 86, 959-972.
141. Head, K., T. Mayer, and J. Ries. 2002. “Revisiting Oligopolistic Reaction: Are FDI Decisions Strategic Complements?” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 11, 453-472.
142. Head, K., and J. Ries. 2001. “Overseas Investment and Firm Exports,” Review of International Economics, 9, 108-122.
143. Head, K., and J. Ries. 2003. “Heterogeneity and the FDI versus Export Decision of Japanese Manufacturers,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 17, 448-467.
144. Head, K., and J. Ries. 2004. “Exporting and FDI as Alternative Strategies,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20, 409-423.
145. Head, K., Ries, J., and B. Spencer. 2004. “Vertical Networks and US Auto Parts Exports: Is Japan Different?” Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 13, 37-67.
146. Head, K., J. Ries, and D. Swenson. 1995. “Agglomeration Benefits and Location Choice: Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Investments in the United States,” Journal of International Economics, 38, 223-247.
147. Heitger, B., and J. Stehn. 1990. “Japanese Direct Investments in the E. C.: Response to the Internal Market 1993?” Journal of Common Market Studies, 29, 1-15.
148. Helpman, E. 1984. “A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations,” Journal of Political Economy, 92, 451-471.
149. Helpman, E., and P. R. Krugman. 1985. Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy, Cambridge, MA: MITPress.
150. Helpman, E., M. J. Melitz, and S. R. Yeaple. 2004. “Export Versus FDI with Heterogeneous Firms,” American Economic Review, 94, 300-316.
151. Hennart, J.-F., and Y. R. Park. 1994. “Location, Governance, and Strategic Determinants of Japanese Manufacturing Investments in the United States,” Strategic Management Journal, 15, 419-436.
152. Hennart, J.-F., and Park, Y.-R. 1993. “Greenfield vs. Acquisition: The Strategy of Japanese Investors in the United States,” Management Science, 39(September), 1054-1070.
153. Hirschmeier, J., and T. Yui. 1975. The Development of Japanese Business, 1600-1973. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
154. Horaguchi, H. 1995. “tainichi chokusetsu toshi: keiretsu wa sogaiyouin ka? [Foreign Direct Investment in Japan: Is Keiretsu a Structural Impediment?] in M. Uekusa (Ed.), nihon no sangyo soshiki [Industrial Organization in Japan], Tokyo: Yuhikaku.
155. Horiuchi, A., F. Packer, and S. Fukuda. 1988. “What Role Has the ‘Main Bank’ Played in Japan?” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 2, 159-180.
156. Horiuchi, T. 1989. “The Flexibility of Japan’s Small and Medium-Sized Firms and their Foreign Direct Investment,” in K. Yamamura (Ed.), Japanese Investment in the United States: Should We Be Concerned? Seattle: University of Washington.
157. Horst, T. 1972. “The Industrial Composition of U.S. Exports and Subsidiary Sales to the Canadian Market,” American Economic Review, 62, 37-45.
158. Horstmann, I., and J. Markusen. 1987. “Strategic Investment and the Development of Multinationals,” International Economic Review, 28, 109-121.
159. Hoshi, T., A. Kashyap, and D. Scharfstein. 1991. “Corporate Structure, Liquidity, and Invvestment: Evidence from Japanese Industrial Groups,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 33-60.
160. Hufbauer, G. C. 1970. “The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology on the Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods,” in R. Vernon (Ed.), The Technology Factor in International Trade. NewYork: National Bureau of Economic Research.
161. Huveneers, C. 1981. “Price Formation and the Scope for Oligopolistic Conduct in a Small Open Economy,” Recherches Economiques de Louvain, 47(September), 209-242.
162. Hymer, S. H. 1960/1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
163. Imai, K. 1976. Gendai Sangyo Soshiki [Modern Industrial Organization]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
164. Imai, K. 1989. “Kigyo Group [Corporate Groups],” in K. Imai and R. Komiya (Eds.), Nihon no Kigyo [The Japanese Corporation]. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
165. Imai, K., I. Nonaka, and H. Takeuchi. 1985. “Managing the Product Development Process: How Japanese Companies Learn and Unlearn,” in K. Clark, R. H. Hayes, and C. Lorenz (Eds.), The Uneasy Alliance Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
166. Imai, K., and R. Komiya. 1989. “Nihon Kigyo no Tokucho,” in K. Imai and R. Komiya (Eds.), Nihon no Kigyo [The Japanese Corporation], Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shup- pankai.
167. Ito, T. 1992. The Japanese Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
168. Ito, T., and M. Maruyama. 1991. “Is the Japanese Distribution System Really Inefficient?” in P. Krugman (Ed.), Trade with Japan: Has the Door Opened Wider? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
169. Itoh, H. 1987. “Information Processing Capacities ofthe Firm,” Journal ofthe Japanese ands International Economies, 1, 299-326.
170. Jacquemin, A., and P. Buigues. 1991. “Foreign Direct Investments and Exports in the Common Market: Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Issues,” Center for European Policy Studies, Bruxelles, Working Documents 20/10/91.
171. Johnson, C. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925-1975. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
172. Jovanovic, Boyan. 1982. “Selection and the Evolution of Industry,” Econometrica, 50(May), 649-670.
173. Kagono, T., I. Nonaka, K. Sakakibara, and A. Okumura. 1985. Strategic vs. Evolutionary Management: A U.S.-Japan Comparison of Strategy and Organization. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
174. Kaplan, S. N., and M. S. Weisbach. 1992. “The Success of Acquisitions: Evidence from Divestitures,” Journal of Finance, 47, 107-138.
175. Kawai, H., and S. Urata. 2002. “Entry of Small and Medium Enterprises and Economic Dynamism in Japan,” Small Business Economics, 18, 41-51.
176. Kawasaki, S., and J. McMillan. 1987. “The Design of Contracts: Evidence from Japanese Subcontracting,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 1, 327-349.
177. Kennedy, R. E. 2002. “Strategy Fads and Competitive Convergence: An Empirical Test for Herd Behavior in Prime-Time Television Programming,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 50, 57-84.
178. Kester, W. C. 1991. Japanese Takeovers: The Global Market for Corporate Control. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
179. Khalizadeh-Shirazi, J. 1974. “Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins in United Kingdom manufacturing Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(Febru- ary), 67-76.
180. Kimura, F., 2006, “International Production and Distribution Networks in Asia: 18 Facts, Mechanics, and Policy Implication,” Asian Economic Policy Review, 1, 326-344.
181. Kimura, F., and T. Fujii 2003. “Globalizing Activities and Rate of Survival: Panel Data Analysis on Japanese Firms,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economies, 17, 538-560.
182. Kimura, F., and K. Kiyota. 2006a. “Exports, FDI, and Productivity: Dynamic Evidence from Japanese Firms,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 142, 695-719.
183. Kimura, F., and K. Kiyota. 2006b. “Foreign-owned versus Domestically-owned Firms: Economic Performance in Japan,” Review of Development Economics, forthcoming.
184. Kindleberger, C. P. 1969. American Business Abroad: SixLectures on Direct Investmen, New Haven: Yale University Press.
185. Kiyota, K., and S. Urata. 2005. “The Role of Multinational Firms in International Trade: The Case of Japan,” Research Institute of Economy, Trade, and Industry (RIETI), Discussion Paper 05-E-012.
186. Knetter, M. M. 1989. “Price Discrimination by U.S. and German Exporters,” American Economic Review, 79, 198-210.
187. Knetter, M. M. 1993. “International Comparisons of Pricing-to-Market Behavior,” American Economic Review, 83, 473-486.
188. Knickerbocker, F. T. 1973. Oligopolistic Reaction and Multinational Enterprise.Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
189. Kogut, B. 1989. “The Stability of Joint Ventures: Reciprocity and Competitive Rivalry,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 38(December), 183-198.
190. Kogut, B. 1996. “Commentary,” in M. Yoshitomi and E. M. Graham (Eds.), Foreign Direct Investment in Japan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
191. Kogut, B., and S.-J. Chang. 1996. “Platform Investments and Volatile Exchange Rates: Direct Investment in the U.S. by Japanese Electronic Companies,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, 221-231.
192. Kogut, B., and S.-J. Chang. 1991. “Technological Capabilities and Japanese Foreign Direct Investment in the United States,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 73, 400-413.
193. Kogut, B., and Singh, H. 1988. “The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19, (Fall), 411-432.
194. Koike, K. 1984. “Skill Formation Systems in the U.S. and Japan: A Comparative Study,” in M. Aoki (Ed.), The Economic Analysis ofthe Japanese Firm. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
195. Koike, K. 1988. Understanding Industrial Relations in Modern Japan.London: Macmillan Press.
196. Kojima, K. 1978. Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model ofMultinational Business Operations. New York: Praeger.
197. Komiya, R. 1987. “Japanese Firms, Chinese Firms: Problems for Economic Reform in China, Part II,” Journal ofthe Japanese and International Economics, 1, 229-247.
198. Komiya, R. 1988. “Introduction,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura (Eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
199. Komiya, R., and M. Itoh. 1988. “Japan’s International Trade and Trade Policy, 19551984,” in T. Inoguchi and D. I. Okimoto (Eds.), The Political Economy of Japan, Volume 2. The Changing International Context. Palo Alto, CA Stanford University Press.
200. Komiya, R., M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura. 1988. Industrial Policy of Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
201. Kosai, Y. 1988 “The Reconstruction Period,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzu- mura (Eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
202. Kravis, I. B., and R. E. Lipsey. 1982. “Prices and Market Shares in the International Machinery Trade,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 64(February), 110-116.
203. Kravis, I. B., and R. E. Lipsey. 1971. Price Competitiveness in World Trade. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
204. Kreps, D. M., and R. Wilson. 1982. “Reputation and Imperfect Information,” Journal of Economic Theory, 27, 253-279.
205. Kreps, D. M., and J. Scheinkman. 1983. “Quality Precommitment and Bertrand Competition Yield Cournot Outcomes,” Rand Journal of Economics, 14, 326-337.
206. Krugman, P. R. 1983. “The New Theories of International Trade and the Multinational Enterprise,” in D. B. Audretsch and C. Kindleberger (Eds.), The Multinational Corporation in the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
207. Krugman, P. R. 1984. “Import Protection as Export Promotion: International Competition in the Presence of Oligopoly and Economies of Scale,” in H. Kierzkowski (Ed.), Monopolistic Competition and International Trade. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
208. Krugman, P. R. 1989. “Industrial Organization and International Trade,” in R. Schmalensee and R. Willig (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization (Vol. 2). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
209. Kuemmerle, W. 1999. “The Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment into Research and Development: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 1-24.
210. Kujawa, D. 1986. Japanese Multinationals in the United States: Case Studies. NewYork: Praeger.
211. Lapham, B., and R. Ware. 1994. “Markov Puppy Dogs and Related Animals,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 12, 569-593.
212. Lawrence, R. 1991. “Efficient or Exclusionist?: The Import Behavior of Japanese Corporate Groups,” Brookings Papers of Economic Activity, 1, 311-331.
213. Lawrence, R. 1993. “Japan’s Low Levels of Inward Investment: The Role of Inhibitions on Acquisitions,” in K. A. Froot (Ed.), Foreign Direct Investment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
214. Leamer, E. E. 1984. Sources of International Comparative Advantage: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
215. Lee, T.-J., and R. E. Caves. 1998. “Uncertain Outcomes of Foreign Investment: Determinants of the Dispersion of Profits after Large Acquisitions,” Journal of International Business Studies, 29(3), 563-583.
216. Lichtenberg, F. R., and D. Siegel. 1987. “Productivity and Changes in Ownership of Manufacturing Plants,” Brooking Papers on Economic Activity: Special Issues on Microeconomics, 1987, 3, 643-673.
217. Lieberman, M. B. 1984. “The Learning Curve and Pricing in the Chemical Processing Industries,” Rand Journal of Economics, 15(Summer), 213-228.
218. Lieberman, M. B. 1987a. “Excess Capacity as a Barrier to Entry: An Empirical Appraisal,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 35, 365-378.
219. Lieberman, M. B. 1987b. “Post Entry Investment and Market Structure in the Chemical Processing Industries,” Rand Journal of Economics, 18, 533-549.
220. Lieberman, M. B. 1989a. “The Learning Curve, Technological Barriers to Entry, and Competitive Survival in the Chemical Processing Industries,” Strategic Management Journal, 10, 431-447.
221. Lieberman, M. B. 1989b. “Learning, Productivity and US-Japan Industrial ‘Competitiveness,’” in K. Ferdows (Ed.), Managing International Manufacturing. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
222. Lincoln, E. J. 1984. Japan’s Industrial Policies. Washington, DC: Japan Economic Institution ofAmerica.
223. Lyons, B. 1981. “Industrial Behavior, the Technology of Demand, and the Pattern of International Trade between Identical Countries,” Recherches Economique de Louvain, 47, 243-258.
224. Mann, C. L. 1986. “Prices, Profit Margins, and Exchange Rates,” Federal Reserve Bulletin, 72(June), 366-379.
225. Mann, C. L., 1990, “Determinants of Japanese Direct Investment in U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” Federal Reserve Board, Washington, DC, mimeo.
226. Markusen, J. R. 2002. Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
227. Markusen, J. R., and A. J. Venables. 1996. “The Increased Importance ofMultination- als in North American Economic Relationships: A Convergence Hypothesis,” in M. W. Canzoneri, W. J. Ethier, and V. Grilli (Eds.), The New Transatlantic Economy. London: Cambridge University Press.
228. Martin, S. 2001. Advanced Industrial Economics, (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
229. Marvel, H. P. 1980. “Foreign Trade and Domestic Competition,” Economic Inquiry, 18(January), 103-122.
230. Mason, M. 1992. American Multinationals and Japan: The Political Economy of Capital Controls, 1899-1980. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
231. Masson, R. T., and J. Shaanan. 1982. “Stochastic-Dynamic Limit Pricing: An Empirical Test,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 64, 413-422.
232. Masson, R. T., and J. Shaanan. 1986. “Excess Capacity and Limit Pricing: An Empirical Test,” Economica, 53, 365-378.
233. Masson, R. T., and J. Shaanan. 1987. “Optimal Oligopoly Pricing and the Threat of Entry: Canadian Evidence,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 5, 323-329.
234. Mata, J., and P. Portugal. 1994. “Life Duration of New Firms,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 27, 227-246.
235. Mata, J., and P. Portugal. 1997. “The Survival of New Foreign and Domestic Firms,” Banco de Portugal, mimeo.
236. McCulloch, R. 1988. “International Competition in Services,” in M. Feldstein (Ed.), The United States in the World Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
237. Micossi, S., and G. Viesti. 1991. “Japanese Direct manufacturing Investment in Europe,” in L. A. Winters and A. Venables (Eds.), European Integration: Trade and Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
238. Milgrom, P., and J. Roberts. 1982. “Predation, Reputation and Entry Deterrence,” Journal of Economic Theory, 27, 280-312.
239. Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Census of Manufacturers. Tokyo: MITI.
240. Mitchell, W., J. M. Shaver, and B. Yeung. 1994. “Foreign Entrant Survival and Foreign Market Share: Canadian Companies’ Experience in the United States Medical Sector Markets,” Strategic Management Journal, 15(September), 555-567.
241. Miwa, Y. 1988. “Coordination Within Industry: Output, Price, and Investment,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura (Eds.), Industrial Policy in Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
242. Modigliani, F. 1958. “New Developments on the Oligopoly Front,” Journal of Political Economy, 66, 215-232.
243. Monden, Y. 1983. Toyota Production System. Atlanta: Industrial Engineering and Management Press.
244. Morck, R., and M. Nakamura. 1999. “Banks and Corporate Control in Japan,” Journal of Finance, 54, 319-339.
245. Motta, M. 1994. “International Trade and Investments in a Vertically Differentiated Industry,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 12, 179-196.
246. Nakamura, T. 1995. The Postwar Japanese Economy: Its Development and Structure, 1937-1994, (2nd ed.). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
247. Nakamura, Y., K. Fukao, and M. Shibuya. 1995. “tainichi chokusetsu toshi [Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Japan],” Research Institute of International Trade and Industry, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Discussion paper # 95-DOJ-63.
248. Nakatani, I. 1984. “The Economic Role of Financial Corporate Grouping,” in M. Aoki (Ed.), The Economic Analysis of the Japanese Firm. Amsterdam: Elsvier.
249. Nishimura, K. G., T. Nakajima, and K. Kiyota. 2005. “Does the Natural Selection Mechanism Still Work in Severe Recessions? - Examination of the Japanese Economy in the 1990s,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 58, 53-78.
250. Norman, G., and J. H. Dunning. 1984. “Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment: Its Rationales and Trade Effects,” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 120, 522-539.
251. Odagiri, H. 1983. “R&D Expenditures, Royalty Payments and Sales Growth in Japanese Manufacturing Corporations,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 32, 62-71.
252. Odagiri, H. 1992. Growth Through Competition, Competition Through Growth: Strategic Management and the Economy in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
253. Odagiri, H., and A. Goto. 1996. Technology and Industrial Development in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
254. Odagiri, H., and H. Yamawaki. 1986. “A Study of Company Profit-Rate Time Series: Japan and the United States,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 4, 1-23.
255. Okimoto, D. I., and G. R. Saxonhouse. 1987. “Technology and the Future of the Economy,” in K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (Eds.). The Political Economy of Japan. Volume 1. The Domestic Transformation, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
256. Orr, D. 1974. “The Determinants of Entry: A Study of the Canadian Manufacturing Industries,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 56, 58-66.
257. Ozawa, T. 1979. Multinationalism, Japanese Style: The Political Economy of Outward Dependency. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
258. Paprzycki, R., and K. Fukao. 2005. “The Extent and History of Foreign Direct Investment in Japan,” Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, Discussion Paper Series No. 84.
259. Patrick, H., and H. Rosovsky. 1976. “Japan’s Economic Performance: An Overview,” in H. Patrick and H. Rosovsky (Eds.), Asia’s New Giant: How the Japanese Economy Works. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
260. Patrick, H., and T. P. Rohlen. 1987. “Small-Scale Family Enterprises,” in K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (Eds.), The Political Economy of Japan. Volume 1. The Domestic Transformation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
261. Peteraf, M. A., 1993, “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based View,” Strategic Management Journal, 14, 179-192.
262. Petri, P. A. 1991. “Market Structure, Comparative Advantage, and Japanese Trade under the Strong Yen,” P. Krugman (Ed.), Trade with Japan: Has the Door Opened Wider? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
263. Porter, M. E. 1976. Interbrand Choice, Strategy, and Bilateral Market Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
264. Porter, M. 1979. “The Structure Within Industries and Companies’ Performance,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 61, 214-227.
265. Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: Free Press.
266. Porter, M. E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. London: Macmillan.
267. Porter, M. E., H. Takeuchi, and M. Sakakibara. 2000. Can Japan Compete?, London: Macmillan.
268. Pugel, T. A. 1978. International Market Linkages and U.S. Manufacturing: Prices, Profits, and Patterns. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
269. Pugel, T. A. 1980. “Foreign Trade and U.S. Market Performance,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 29(December), 119-129.
270. Pugel, T. A., E. S. Kragas, and Y. Kimura. 1996. “Further Evidence on Japanese Direct investment in U.S. Manufacturing,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, 208-213.
271. Qiu, L. D, and B. Spencer, 2002, “Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investments: Implications for Market-Opening Policy,” Journal of International Economics, 58, 49-79.
272. Rauch, J. E. 2001. “Business and Social Networks in International Trade,” Journal of Economic Literature, 39, 1177-1203.
273. Ravenscraft, D., and F. M. Scherer. 1987. Mergers, Selloffs, and Economic Efficiency. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
274. Robinson, J. R. 1933. The Economics of Imperfect Competition. London: Macmillan.
275. Rosenbloom, R. S., and W. J. Abernathy. 1982. “The Climate for Innovation in Industry: The Role of Management Attitudes and Practices in Consumer Electronics,” Research Policy, 11, 209-225.
276. Sabourian, H. 1992. “Rational Conjectural Equilibrium and Repeated Games,” in P. Dasgupta, D. Gale, O. Hart, and E. Maskin (Eds.), Economic Analysis of Markets and Games: Essays in Honor of Frank Hahn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
277. Sakakibara, M. 1997. “Evaluating Government-Sponsored R&D Consortia in Japan: Who Benefits and How?” Research Policy, 26, 447-473.
278. Sakakibara, M., and M. E. Porter. 2001. “Competing at Home to Win Abroad: Evidence from Japanese Industry,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 83, 310-321.
279. Sakakibara, M., and K. Serwin. 2000. “U.S. Distribution Entry Strategy of Japanese Manufacturing Firms: The Role of Keiretsu,” Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 14, 43-72.
280. Sakakibara, M., and H. Yamawaki. 2007. “What Determines the Profitability of Foreign Direct Investment?: A Subsidiary-Level Analysis of Japanese Multinationals,” Managerial and Decision Economics, 28, forthcoming.
281. Salinger, M. A. 1984. “Tobin’s q, Unionization, and the Concentration-Profits Relationships,” RAND Journal of Economics, 15, 159-170.
282. Saxonhouse, G. R. 1976. “Estimated Parameters as Dependent Variables,” American Economic Review, 66(March), 178-183.
283. Saxonhouse, G. R. 1979. “Industrial Restructuring in Japan,” Journal of Japanese Studies, 5, 273-300.
284. Saxonhouse, G. R. 1983. “The Micro-and Macroeconomics of Foreign Sales to Japan,” in W. R. Cline (Ed.), Trade Policy for the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
285. Saxonhouse, G. R. 1993. “What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us about Japanese Trade Policy?” Journal ofEconomic Perspectives, 7, 21-43.
286. Scharfstein, D. S., and J. C. Stein. 1990. “Herd behavior and Investment,” American Economic Review, 80, 465-479.
287. Scherer, F. M., and D. Ross. 1990. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance, (3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
288. Shapiro, C. 1989. “Theories of Oligopoly Behavior,” in R. Schmalensee and R. D. Willig (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial Organization (Vol. II). Amsterdam: North- Holland.
289. Shapiro, D. M. 1983. “Entry, Exit, and Theory ofthe Multinational Corporation,” in P. Kindleberger and D. B. Audretsch (Eds.), The Multinational Corporation in the 1980s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
290. Sheard, P. 1989. “The Main Bank System and Corporate Monitoring and Control in Japan,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 11, 399-422.
291. Shimada, H. 1983. “Japanese Industrial Relations - A New General Model?” in T. Shirai (Ed.), Contemporary Industrial Relations in Japan. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
292. Singh, S., M. Utton, and M. Waterson. 1997. “Strategic Behavior of Incumbent Firms in the UK,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 16, 227-251.
293. Smiley, R. 1988. “Empirical Evidence on Strategic Entry Deterrence,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 6, 167-180.
294. Spence, A. M. 1977. “Entry, Capacity, Investment and Oligopolistic Pricing,” Bell Journal of Economics, 8, 534-544.
295. Spence, A. M. 1981. “The Learning Curve and Competition,” Bell Journal of Economics, 12(Spring), 49-70.
296. Spencer, B. J., and J. A. Brander. 1983. “International R&D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy,” Review of Economic Studies, 30(October), 707-722.
297. Staiger, R. W., and F. A. Wolak. 1992. “Collusive Pricing with Capacity Constraints in the Presence of Demand Uncertainty,” Rand Journal of Economics, 23,203-220.
298. Sylos-Labini, P. 1962. Oligopoly and Technical Progress. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
299. Takacs, W. E. 1982. “Cyclical Dumping of Steel Products: Comments,” Journal of International Economics, 12(May), 381-383.
300. Tarr, D. G. 1982. “Cyclical Dumping of Steel Products: Another Look,” Journal of International Economics, 12(May), 377-379.
301. Tarr, D. G. 1979. “Cyclical Dumping: The Case of Steel Products,” Journal of International Economics, 9(February), 57-63.
302. Taylor, S., and K. Yamamura. 1990. “Japan’s Technological Capabilities and Its Future: Overview and Assessments,” in G. Heiduk and K. Yamamura (Eds.), Technological Competition and Interdependence: The Search for Policy in the United States, West Germany, and Japan. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
303. Teece, D. J., G. Pisano, and A. Shuen. 1997. “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management,” Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509-533.
304. Thomas, L. A. 1999. “Incumbent Firms’ Response to Entry: Price, Advertising, and New Product Introduction,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 17, 527-555.
305. Torii, A. 1992. ““Dual Structure” and Differences of Efficiency between Japanese Large and Small Enterprises,” in R. E. Caves, Industrial Efficiency of Six Nations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
306. Torii, A., and R. E. Caves. 1992. “Technical Efficiency in Japanese and U.S. Manufacturing Industries,” in R. E. Caves, Industrial Efficiency of Six Nations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
307. Toyo Keizai, Gaishikei kigyo soran [Foreign Affiliated Companies in Japan: A Comprehensive Directory], Tokyo: Toyo Keizai Shinposha.
308. Toyo Keizai, Kaigai shishutsu kigyo soran: [Directory of Japanese Corporations Abroad], Tokyo: Toyo Keizai Shinposha.
309. Tsurumi, Y. 1976. The Japanese are Coming: A Multinational Interaction of Firms and Politics. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
310. Tsuruta, T. 1988. “The Rapid Growth Era,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura (Eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
311. Ueda, K., and Y. Nagataki-Sasaki. 1998. “The Import Behavior of Japanese Coporate Groups: Evidence from Micro-Survey Data,” Japan and the World Economy, 10, 1-11.
312. Uekusa, M. 1982. Sangyo Soshikiron [Industrial Organization]. Tokyo: Chikuma Shobo.
313. Uekusa, M. 1987. “Industrial Organization: The 1970s to the Present,” in K. Yamamura and Y. Yasuba (Eds.), The Political Economy of Japan. Volume 1. The Domestic Transformation, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
314. United Nations (UN), International Trade StatisticsYearbook, Vol. I (TradebyCountry) and Vol. II (Trade by Commodity). New York: U.N.
315. Urata, S. 1983. “Factor Inputs and Japanese Manufacturing Trade Structure,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, 678-684.
316. Urata, S., and H. Kawai. 2002. “Technological Progress by Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan,” Small Business Economics, 18, 53-67.
317. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Input-Output Structure of the U.S. Economy. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department ofCommerce.
318. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department ofCommerce.
319. U.S. Bureau ofthe Census, Census of Manufacturers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Bureau of Census.
320. Van den Bulcke, D., J. J. Boddewyn, B. Martens, and P. Klemmer. 1980. Investment and Divestment Policies of Multinational Corporations in Europe. New York: Praeger.
321. Vernon, R. 1977. Storm Over the Multinationals: The Real Issues. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
322. Viner, J. 1923. Dumping: A Problem in International Trade. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
323. Wagner, J. 1994. “Small-Firm Entry in Manufacturing Industries,” Small Business Economics, 5, 211-214.
324. Wakasugi, R. 1989. “Kenkyu Kaihatsu no Soshiki to Kodo [Organization and Behavior in R&D],” in K. Imai and R. Komiya (Eds.), Nihon no Kigyo [The Japanese Corporation]. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.
325. Wakasugi, R. 1996. “Why Foreign Firms’ Entry Has Been Low in Japan: An Empirical Examination,” M. Yoshitomi and E. M. Graham (Eds.), Foreign Direct Investment in Japan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
326. Ward’s Automotive Yearbook. Detroit: Ward’s.
327. Wares, W. A. 1977. The Theory of Dumping and American Commercial Policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
328. Weinstein, D. 1996. “Structural Impediments to Investment in Japan: What Have We Learned over the Last 450 Years?” in M. Yoshitomi and E. M. Graham (Eds.), Foreign Direct Investment in Japan. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
329. Weinstein, D., and Y. Yafeh. 1995. “Japan’s Corporate Groups: Collusive or Competitive? An Empirical Investigation of Keiretsu Behavior,” Journal ofIndustrial Economics, 18(December) 359-376.
330. Weiss, L. W. 1972. “The Geographic Size of Markets in Manufacturing,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 54, 245-257.
331. Wilkins, M. 1974. TheMaturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from 1914 to 1970. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
332. Wilkins, M. 1990. “Japanese Multinationals in the United States: Continuity and Change, 1879-1990,” Business History Review, 64, 585-629.
333. Williamson, P. J., and H. Yamawaki. 1991. “Distribution: Japan’s Hidden Advantage,” Business Strategy Review, 2, 85-105.
334. Womack, J. P., D. T. Jones, and D. Roos. 1991. The Machine that Changed the World: The Story of Lean Production. New York: HarperCollins.
335. Yamawaki, H. 1984. “Market Structure, Capacity Expansion, and Pricing: A Model Applied to the Japanese Iron and Steel Industry,” International Journal ofIndustrial Organization, 2, 29-62.
336. Yamawaki, H. 1985. “Dominant Firm Pricing and Fringe Expansion: The Case ofthe U.S. Iron and Steel Industry, 1907-1930,” Review of Economic and Statistics, 67, 429-437.
337. Yamawaki, H. 1986. “Exports, Foreign Market Structure and Profitability in Japanese U.S. Manufacturing,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 68(November) 618-627.
338. Yamawaki, H. 1988. “The Steel Industry,” in R. Komiya, M. Okuno, and K. Suzumura (Eds.), Industrial Policy of Japan. San Diego: Academic Press.
339. Yamawaki, H. 1989. “A Comparative Analysis of Intertemporal Behavior of Profits: Japan and the United States,” Journal ofIndustrial Economics, 37, 389-409.
340. Yamawaki, H. 1991a. “Exports and Foreign Distributional Activities: Evidence on Japanese Firms in the United States,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 73, 294-300.
341. Yamawaki, H. 1991b. “The Effects of Business Conditions on Net Entry: Evidence from Japan,” in P. A. Geroski and J. Schwalbach (Eds.), Entry and Market Contestability: An International Comparison. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
342. Yamawaki, H. 1993. “Location Decisions of Japanese Multinational Firms in European Manufacturing Industries,” in K. Hughes (Ed.), European Competitiveness. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
343. Yamawaki, H. 1994. “Patterns of Entry by Japanese Multinationals into the U.S. and European Manufacturing Industries,” in D. Encarnation and M. Mason (Eds.), Does Ownership Matter?: Japanese Multinationals in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
344. Yamawaki, H. 1997. “Exit of Japanese Multinationals in U.S. and European Manufacturing Industries,” in P. J. Buckley and J.-L. Mucchielli (Eds.), Multinational Firms and International Relocation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
345. Yamawaki, H. 2002a. “Price Reactions to New Competition: A Study of U.S. Luxury Car Market, 1986-1997,” International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20, 19-39.
346. Yamawaki, H. 2002b. “The Evolution and Structure of Industrial Clusters in Japan,” Small Business Economics, 18, 121-140.
347. Yamawaki, H. 2004a. “The Determinants of Geographic Configuration of Value- Chain Activities: Foreign Multinational Enterprises in Japanese Manufacturing,” International Economics and Economic Policy, 1, 195-214.
348. Yamawaki, H. 2004b. “Who Survives in Japan? An Empirical Analysis of European and U.S. Multinational Firms in Japanese Manufacturing Industries,” Journal of Industry, Competition, and Trade, 4, 135-153.
349. Yamawaki, H. 2006. “The Location of American and Japanese Multinationals in Europe,” International Economics and Economic Policy, 3, 157-173.
350. Yamawaki, H., and D. B. Audretsch. 1988. “Import Share under International Oligopoly with Differentiated Products: Japanese Imports in U.S. Manufacturing, Review of Economics and Statistics, 70, 569-579.
351. Yamawaki, H., L. Barbarito, and J.-M. Thiran. 1998. “U.S. and Japanese Multinationals in European Manufacturing: Location Patterns and Host Region/Country Characteristics,” in K. Fukasaku, F. Kimura, and S. Urata, (Eds.), Asia and Europe: Beyond Competing Regionalism. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press.
352. Yip, G. S. 1982. Barriers to Entry: A Corporate-Strategy Perspective, Lexington, MA: C. Heath.
353. Yonekura, S., and S. McKinney. 2005. “Innovative Multinational Forms: Japan as a Case Study,” in A. D. Chandler, Jr. and B. Mazlish (Eds.), Leviathans: Multinational Corporations and the New Global History, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
354. Yoshida, M. 1987. Japanese Direct Manufacturing Investment in the United States. New York: Praeger.
355. Yoshino, M. Y., and T. B. Lifson, 1988, The Invisible Link Japan’s Sogo Shosha and the Organization of Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
356. Yu, C.-M. J., and K. Ito. 1988. “Oligopolistic Reaction and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case ofthe U.S. Tire and Textiles Industries,” Journal of International Business Studies, 19, 449-60.
357. Zejan, M. C. 1990. “New Ventures or Acquisition: The Choice of Swedish Multinational Enterprises,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 38(March), 349-355.
358. Zwiebel, J. 1995. “Corporate Conservatism and Relative Compensation,” Journal of Political Economy, 103, 1-25.
359. Zysman, J., and L. Tyson. 1983. American Industry in International Competition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.