Ventilation rates in european office buildings: A review

Indoor and Built Environment

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 5-25

  Dimitroulopoulou, C ^a   Bartzis, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN MACEDONIA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Measurements; Offices; Regulations; Ventilation rates

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

AIR CONDITIONING; AIR QUALITY CONTROL; AIR QUALITY STANDARD; AMBIENT AIR; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BELGIUM; BUILDING; CZECH REPUBLIC; EUROPE; FINLAND; FRANCE; GERMANY; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; GREECE; HUMAN; ITALY; LUNG VENTILATION; PORTUGAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SAFETY; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN; SWEDEN; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 84929611560     PISSN: 1420326X     EISSN: 14230070     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1420326X13481786     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Liddament MW. A Guide to Energy Efficient Ventilation. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre.
2. Tredgold T. Principles of Warming and Ventilation -Ventilating Public Buildings, 3rd edn. London, M. Taylor, 1836.
3. Pettenkofer M. Besprechung allgemeiner auf die Ventilation bezu-glicher Fragen. Mu nchen: Cotta, 1858.
4. Yaglou CP, Riley EC and Coggins DI. Ventilation requirements. ASHVE Trans 1936; 42: 133-162.
5. Wolkoff P. Indoor air pollutants in office environments: assessment of comfort, health and performance. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.08.001.
6. Yu CWF and Kim JT. Building pathology, investigation of sick buildings -VOC emissions. Indoor Built Environ 2010; 19(1): 30-39.
7. Chao HJ, Schwartz J, Milton DK, et al. The work environment and workers -health in four large office buildings. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111: 1242-1248.
8. Erdmann CA and Apte MG. Mucous membrane and lower respiratory building related symptoms in relation to indoor carbon dioxide concentrations in the 100-building BASE dataset. Indoor Air 2004; 14(Suppl. 8): 127-134.
9. Apte MG, Fisk WJ and Daisey JM. Associations between indoor CO2 concentrations and sick building syndrome symptoms in US office buildings: an analysis of the 1994-1996 BASE study data. Indoor Air 2000; 10: 246-257.
10. Myatt TA, Johnston SL, Zuo Z, et al. Detection of airborne rhinovirus and its relation to outdoor air supply in office environments. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169: 1187-1190.
11. Jaakkola JJK, Tuomaala P and Seppanen O. Air recirculation and sick building syndrome: a blinded crossovertrial. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 422-428.
12. Jaakkola JJK and Miettinen P. Ventilation rate in office buildings and sick building syndrome. Occup Environ Med 1995; 52: 709-714.
13. Stenberg B, Eriksson N, Ho o g J, et al. The sick building syndrome (SBS) in office workers. A case referent study of personal, psychosocial and building-related risk indicators. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 1190-1197.
14. Sundell J, Lindvall T and Stenberg B. Associations between type of ventilation and air flow rates in office buildings and the risk of SBS-symptoms among occupants. Environ Int 1994; 20: 239-251.
15. Menzies D, Fanning A, Yuan L, et al. Hospital ventilation and risk for tuberculous infection in Canadian health care workers. Ann Intern Med 1993; 133: 779-789.
16. Milton DK, Glencross PM and Walters MD. Risk of sick leave associated with outdoor air supply rate, humidification and occupant complaints. Indoor Air 2000; 10: 212-221.
17. Mendell MJ and Fisk WJ. Is health in office buildings related only to psychosocial factors? Occup Environ Med 2007; 64: 69-70.
18. Finnegan JJ, Pickering CAC and Burge PS. The sick building syndrome: prevalence studies. Br Med J 1984; 289: 1573-1575.
19. Hedge A, Burge PS, Robertson AS, et al. Work-related illness in offices: a proposed model of the Sick Building Syndrome. Environ Int 1989; 15: 143-158.
20. Harrison J, Pickering CAC, Finnegan MJ, et al.: The sick building syndrome: further prevalence studies and investigations of possible causes: in Proceedings of Indoor Air '87, Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene, Berlin, Germany, 1987, 1, pp. 487-491.
21. Burge S, Hedge A, Wilson E, et al. Sick building syndrome: a study of 4,373 office workers. Ann Occup Hyg 1987; 31: 493-504.
22. Skov P and Valbjorn O. The sick building syndrome in the office environment: The Danish Town Hall study. Environ Int 1987; 13: 339-349.
23. Zweers T, Skov P, Valbjorn O, et al. The effect of ventilation and air pollution on perceived indoor air quality in five town halls. Energy Build 1990; 14: 175-181.
24. Mendell MJ and Smith AH. Consistent patterns of elevated symptoms in air-conditioned office buildings: a reanalysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Public Health 1990; 80: 1193-1199.
25. Wargocki P, Sundell J, Bischof W, et al. Ventilation and health in nonindustrial indoor environments: report from a European Multidisciplinary Scientific Consensus Meeting (EUROVEN). Indoor Air 2002; 12: 113-128.
26. Jaakkola JJK, Heinonen OP and Seppanen O. Mechanical ventilation in office buildings and the Sick Builidng Syndrome. An experimental and epidemiological study. Indoor Air 1991; 2: 111-121.
27. Bluyssen PM, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Groes L, et al. European indoor air quality audit project in 56 office buildings. Indoor Air 1996; 6: 221-238.
28. Bischof W, Braschel S, Btinger M, et al.: ProKlimA -history, aim and study design: in Proceedings of Indoor Air '99, the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Edinburgh, UK, 1999, 5, pp. 376-381.
29. Pejtersen J, Schwab R, Mayer E: Sensory evaluation of the air in 14 office buildings -part of an interdisciplinary SBS study in Germany: in Proceedings of Indoor Air '99, the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Edinburgh, UK, 1999, 5, pp. 390-395.
30. Godish T and Spengler JD. Relationships between ventilation and indoor air quality. a review: Indoor Air 1996; 6: 135-145.
31. Seppa nen OA, Fisk WJ and Mendell MJ. Association of ventilation rates and CO2 concentrations with health and other responses in commercial and institutional buildings. Indoor Air 1999; 9: 226-252.
32. Sundell J, Levin H, Nazaroff WW, et al. Ventilation rates and health: multidisciplinary review of the scientific literature. Indoor Air 2011; 2: 191-204.
33. Wargocki P: The effects of ventilation in homes on health: in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation, Paris, 17-19 September 2012.
34. Yu CWF and Kim JT. Low carbon housings and indoor air quality. Indoor Built Environ 2012; 21(1): 5-15.
35. Seppa nen OA and Fisk WJ. Summary of human responses to ventilation. Indoor Air 2004; 14(Suppl. 7): 102-118.
36. Fisk WJ, Mirer AG and Mendell MJ. Quantitative relationship of sick building syndrome symptoms with ventilation rates. Indoor Air 2009; 19(2): 159-165.
37. Dimitroulopoulou C. Ventilation in European dwellings. a review: Build Environ 2012; 47: 109-125.
38. Asikainen A, Ha nninen O, Brelih N, et al. Proportion of residences in European countries with ventilation rates below the regulation based limit value: in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation, Paris, 17-19 September 2012.
39. EN 13779: 2007: European Standard: Ventilation for non-residential buildings -performance requirements for ventilation and room-conditioning systems, CEN Brussels, April 2007.
40. EN 15251: 2007: European Standard: Indoor environment input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings, CEN Brussels, May 2007.
41. ASHRAE 62.1-2010: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2010.
42. Olesen BW: Standards for ventilation and indoor air quality in relation to the EPBD: REHVA J 2011; 28-32.
43. AIVC: Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, http://www.aivc. org/, (accessed October 2012).
44. Brelih N, Seppanen O: Ventilation rates and IAQ in European Standards and National Regulations: in AIVC Conference, Brussels, Belgium, 12-13 October 2011.
45. Wouters P, Heijmans N, Delmotte C, et al.: Trends in the Belgian Building Ventilation Market and Drivers for Change: Ventilation Information Paper No. 18. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
46. Charvat P. Ventilation in the Czech Republic: Technical Note AIVC 63. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
47. Charvat P. Trends in the Czech Building Ventilation Market and Drivers for Change: Ventilation Information Paper No. 27. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
48. Danish Energy Saving. Checklist of ventilation requirements, http://www.savingtrust.dk/public-andcommerce/products/heating-and ventilation/ventilation/legal-requirements (October 2012).
49. D2-2012: Finnish Building Code D2: Indoor Climate and Ventilation, Regulations and Guidelines, http://ww.ymparisto. fi/download.asp?contentid= 33667&lan=en (October 2012).
50. Durier F. Trends in the French Building Ventilation: Market and Drivers for Changes: Ventilation Information Paper No. 19. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
51. Limb MJ: A Review of International Ventilation, Airtightness, Thermal Insulation and Indoor Air Quality Criteria: AIC-TN55. Oscar Faber Group, on behalf of the AIVC, 2001.
52. Decree 3/2002: (II. 8.) Joint Decree of Social, Family and Labour Ministry and Public Ministry of Health, http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy-doc. cgi?docid=A0200003.SCM&celpara=#xcelparam (October 2012).
53. Bluyssen PM: Private Communication. Netherlands, TNO, 2012.
54. Eriksson M: Trends in the Norwegian Building Ventilation Market and Drivers for Change: Ventilation Information Paper No. 21. Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
55. Ahlander G: Private Communication. Sweden, Swedish Environment Authority, 2012.
56. ADF. Ventilation -The Building Regulations 2000, F Approved Document, 2010 edn. London: NBS for the Department for Communities and Local Government, HM Government. ISBN: 978 1 85946 370 3.
57. de Gids WF, Wouters P: CO2 as Indicator for the Indoor Air Quality: General Principles: Ventilation Information Paper No. 33. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2010.
58. Zuraimi MS, Roulet C-A, Tham KW, et al. A comparative study of VOCs in Singapore and European office buildings. Build Environ 2006; 41: 316-329.
59. Wargocki P, Fanger PO, Krupicz P, et al. Sensory pollution loads in six office buildings and a department store. Energy Build 2004; 36(10): 995-1001.
60. Hummelgaard J, Juhl P, Saebjornsson KO, et al. Indoor air quality and occupant satisfaction in five mechanically and four naturally ventilated open-plan office buildings. Build Environ 2007; 42: 4051-4058.
61. Teijonsalo J, Jaakkola JJK and Seppaunen O. The Helsinki Office Environment Study: air change in mechanically ventilated buildings. Indoor Air 1996; 6(2): 111-117.
62. Korhonen P, Kokotti H and Kalliokoski P. Survey and mitigation of occupational exposure of radon in workplaces. Build Environ 2000; 35: 555-562.
63. Vincent D, Annesi I, Festy B, et al. Ventilation system, indoor air quality, and health outcomes in Parisian modern office workers. Environ Res 1997; 75: 100-112.
64. Ribot B, Ginestet A, Henninot M, et al: Indoor air quality in 2 different office buildings-Part 1: ventilation, temperature and humidity of air and gas concentrations: in Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 2003 Conference, Singapore.
65. Blondeau P, Sperandio M and Allard F. Multicriteria analysis of ventilation in summer period. Build Environ 2002; 37: 165-176.
66. Kuchen E, Fisch MN, Leao M, et al. Indoor air quality defined by measurements and questionnaires in office buildings. Bauphysik 2009; 31(5): 313-318.
67. Missia DA, Dimitriou E, Michael N, et al. Indoor exposure from building materials: a field study. Atmospheric Environ 2010; 44(35): 4388-4395.
68. Oliveira Fernandes E: HOPE project, Measurements Reports OFF3 and OFF7. Private communication, IDMEC, Porto, 2004.
69. Orosa JA and Baalina A. Passive climate control in Spanish office buildings for long periods of time. Build Environ 2008; 43: 2005-2012.
70. Ni Riain C, Kolokotroni M, Davies M, et al. Cooling effectiveness of south facade passive stacks in a naturally ventilated office building: case study. Indoor Built Environ 1999; 8(5): 309-321.
71. Kukadia V, Palmer J: The effect of external atmospheric pollution on indoor air quality: in Proceedings of Optimum ventilation and air flow control in buildings, 17th AIVC Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, 17-20 September 1996, pp. 41-49.
72. Kukadia V, Pike J, White M: Air pollution and natural ventilation in an urban building: a case study: in Proceedings of the CIBSE National Conference, London, UK, 5-7 October 1997.
73. Mark D. A Comparison of Outdoor and Indoor Levels of Airborne Particles at Two Sites on Marylebone Road, London. UK, UK Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DETR)Report EPG 1/3/95, 1999.
74. Aizlewood C and Dimitroulopoulou C. HOPE project: The UK experience. Indoor Built Environ 2006; 15(5): 393-409.
75. Dascalaki E and Santamouris M. On the potential of retrofitting scenarios for offices. Build Environ 2002; 37(6): 557-567.
76. Gratia E and De Herde A. Is day natural ventilation still possible in office buildings with a double-skin facade? Build Environ 2004; 39: 399-409.
77. Gratia E, Bruyere I and De Herde A. How to use natural ventilation to cool narrow office buildings. Build Environ 2004; 39: 1157-1170.
78. Breesch H, Bossaer A and Janssens A. Passive cooling in a lowenergy office building. Solar Energy 2005; 79: 682-696.
79. Gratia E and De Herde A. Guidelines for improving natural daytime ventilation in an office building with a double-skin facade. Solar Energy 2007; 81: 435-448.
80. Kurnitski J, Seppanen O: Trends and Drivers in the Finnish Ventilation and AC Market: Ventilation Information Paper No. 20. Coventry, Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre, 2008.
81. AIR.H.: Installation de ventilation dans l'existant: enjeux et propositions d'amélioration a travers les diagnostics -Report for ADEME, February 2007.
82. Mouilleseaux A, Squinazi F, Festi B: Air quality in air-conditioned office buildings: in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate "Indoor Air'93", Helsinki, Finland, 1993, 6, pp. 615-620.
83. Mouilleseaux A, Squinazi F, Festi B, et al: Etude de la qualitéd'air dans deux immeubles climatiséet non climatisé: in Proceedings of the 8th World Clean Air Congress, Hague, the Netherlands, 1989, 1, pp. 223-228.
84. Saude I, Lowestein JC, Millancourt B, et al: Indoor air quality: comparing an air-conditioned building and a naturally ventilated building: in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Helsinki, Finland, 1993, 2, pp. 87-92.
85. Ginestet A, Ribot B, Henninot M, et al: Indoor air quality in 2 different office buildings-Part 2: indoor and outdoor airborne particulate levels and air filtration: in Proceedings of the 7th Healthy Buildings Conference 2003, Singapore.
86. Mandin C, Ramalho O, Ribéron J, et al.: IAQ, ventilation, comfort and health in office buildings: a French nationwide survey: in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation, Paris, 17-19 September 2012.
87. Lucas JP, Ramalho O, Kirchner S, et al.: Etat de la ventilation dans le Parc de logements Franc ais. CSTB, DESE/SB -2009-037, 2009.
88. Engdahl F. Evaluation of Swedish ventilation systems. Build Environ 1998; 33(4): 197-200.
89. Mohle G, Crump D, Brown V, et al. Development and application of a protocol for the assessment of indoor air quality. Indoor Built Environ 2003; 12(3): 139-149.