Evolution of faulting and plate boundary deformation in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Tectonophysics

Volumn 651, Issue , 2015, Pages 1-18

  Reilly, Cathal ^a,b   Nicol, Andrew ^a   Walsh, John J ^b   Seebeck, Hannu ^a  

^a GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Crustal deformation; Fault inversion and reactivation; Fault reactivation; Plate boundary evolution; Tectonics

Indexed keywords

DEFORMATION; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; TECTONICS;

CRUSTAL DEFORMATIONS; FAULT DISPLACEMENT; FAULT INVERSIONS; FAULT REACTIVATION; PLATE BOUNDARIES; PLATE CONVERGENCE; TECTONIC ACTIVITY; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION;

FAULTING;

CONTINENTAL BREAKUP; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENT; FOLDING; GONDWANA; MIOCENE; PLATE BOUNDARY; PLATE CONVERGENCE; PLATE TECTONICS; PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE BOUNDARY; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC REFLECTION; SUBDUCTION ZONE; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TECTONIC SETTING; TRANSITION ZONE;

NEW ZEALAND; PACIFIC OCEAN; TARANAKI BASIN;

EID: 84929516285     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Anderson H., Webb T., Jackson J. Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific-Australia plate motion. Geophys. J. Int. 1993, 115:1032-1054. (and Microfiche GJI 115/1).
2. Bache F., Mortimer N., Sutherland R., Collot J., Rouillard P., Stagpoole V., Nicol A. Seismic stratigraphic record of transition from Mesozoic subduction to continental breakup in the Zealandia sector of eastern Gondwana. Gondwana Res. 2013, 26(3-4):1060-1078. 10.1016/j.gr.2013.08.012.
3. Ballance P.F. Evolution of the upper Cenozoic magmatic arc and plate boundary in northern New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1976, 28:356-370.
4. Ballance P.F. The Palaeo-Pacific, post-subduction, passive margin thermal relaxation sequence (Late Cretaceous-Paleogene) of the drifting New Zealand continent. Sedimentary Basins of the World 1993, 2:93-110. P.F. Ballance (Ed.).
5. Bangs N.L., Cande S. Episodic development of a convergent margin inferred from structures and processes along the southern Chile margin. Tectonics 1997, 16:489-503.
6. Barnes P.M., De Lepinay B.M. Rates and mechanics of rapid frontal accretion along the very obliquely convergent southern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 1997, 102(B11):931-952.
7. Barth, N. C., 2013. A Tectonic-Geomorphic Study of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Otago, New Zealand.
8. Baur, J. R., 2012. Regional Seismic Attribute Analysis and Tectono-stratigraphy of Offshore South-Western Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand.
9. Beavan J., Haines J. Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106(B1):741-770.
10. Bierbrauer K. Eocene deformation and Erosion in the Southern Taranaki Basin - implications for a tectonic subdivision of the Kapuni Group. Paper Presented at the 2010 New Zealand Petroleum Conference, Auckland, New Zealand, August/September 2010 2010.
11. Bishop D.J., Buchanan P.G. Development of structurally inverted basins: a case study from the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. Geological Society Special Publication 1995, 88:549-585. J.G. Buchanan, P.G. Buchanan (Eds.).
12. Bradshaw J.D. Cretaceous geotectonic patterns in the New Zealand region. Tectonics 1989, 8:803-820.
13. Brothers R.N. Upper Tertiary and Quaternary volcanism and subduction zone regression, North Island, New Zealand. J. R. Soc. N. Z. 1986, 16:275-298.
14. Burke K. The African plate. S. Afr. J. Geol. 1996, 99:339-409.
15. Cande S.C., Stock J.M. Pacific-Antarctic-Australia motion and the formation of the Macquarie Plate. Geophys. J. Int. 2004, 157:399-414.
16. Cande S.C., Stock J.M. Cenozoic reconstructions of the Australia-New Zealand-South Pacific sector of Antarctica. Geophysical monograph 2004, 151:5-17. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
17. Childs C., Easton S.J., Vendeville B.C., Jackson M.P.A., Lin S.T., Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Kinematic analysis of faults in a physical model of growth faulting above a viscous salt analogue. Tectonophysics 1993, 228:313-329.
18. Childs C., Nicol A., Walsh J.J., Watterson J. The growth and propagation of synsedimentary faults. J. Struct. Geol. 2003, 25:633-648.
19. Cooper A.F., Barreiro B.A., Kimbrough D.L., Mattinson J.M. Lamprophyre dyke intrusion and the age of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Geology 1987, 15:941-944.
20. Croon M.B., Cande S.C., Stock J.M. Revised Pacific-Antarctic plate motions and geophysics of the Menard fracture zone. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2008, 9:Q07001. 10.1029/2008GC002019.
21. Davey F.J., Hampton M., Childs J., Fisher M.A., Lewis K., Pettinga J.R. Structure of a growing accretionary prism, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Geology 1986, 14:663-666.
22. Downes G. Atlas of Isoseismal Maps of New Zealand Earthquakes 1995, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
23. Eberhart-Phillips D., Reyners M., Bannister S., Chadwick M., Ellis S. Establishing a versatile 3-D seismic velocity model for New Zealand. Seismol. Res. Lett. 2010, 81(6):992-1000.
24. Ebinger C.J., Sleep N. Cenozoic magmatism throughout East Africa resulting from impact of a single plume. Nature 1998, 395:788-791.
25. Field B.D., Uruski C.I., Beu A., Browne G., Crampton J., Funnell R., Killops S., Laird M., Mazengarb C., Morgans H., Rait G., Smale D., Strong P. Cretaceous-Cenozoic geology and petroleum systems of the East Coast region, New Zealand. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Monograph 1997, 19. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, Lower Hutt.
26. Fraser J.G., Nicol A., Pettinga J.R., Johnston M.R. Paleoearthquake investigation of the Waimea-Flaxmore fault system, Nelson, New Zealand. Paper Presented at New Zealand Geotechnical Society 2006 Symposium, Nelson, New Zealand, Feb, 2006 2006.
27. Freeman B., Yielding G., Badley M. Fault correlation during seismic interpretation. First Break 1990, 8:87-95.
28. Furlong K.P., Kamp P.J.J. The lithospheric geodynamics of plate boundary transpression in New Zealand: initiating and emplacing subduction along the Hikurangi margin, and the tectonic evolution of the Alpine Fault system. Tectonophysics 2009, 474(3-4):449-462. 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.023.
29. Ghisetti F., Sibson R.H. Accommodation of compressional inversion in northwestern South Island (New Zealand): old faults versus new. J. Struct. Geol. 2006, 28:1994-2010.
30. Ghisetti F., Barnes P.M., Sibson R.H. Deformation of the top basement unconformity west of the Alpine Fault (South Island, New Zealand): seismotectonic implications. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2014, 10.1080/00288306.2013.876433.
31. Giba M., Nicol A., Walsh J.J. Evolution of faulting and volcanism in a backarc basin and its implications for subduction processes. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC4020. 10.1029/2009TC002634.
32. Giba M., Walsh J.J., Nicol A. Segmentation and growth of an obliquely reactivated normal fault. J. Struct. Geol. 2012, 39:253-269.
33. Giba M., Walsh J.J., Nicol A., Mouslopoulou V., Seebeck H. Investigation of the spatio-temporal relationship between normal faulting and arc volcanism on million-year timescales. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 2013, 170:951-962.
34. Harding T.P., Lowell J.D. Structural styles, their plate tectonic habits, and hydrocarbon traps in petroleum provinces. Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 1979, 63:1016-1058.
35. Hemmings-Sykes S. The Influence of Faulting on Hydrocarbon Migration in the Kupe Area, South Taranaki Basin, New Zealand 2012, (M.Sc. Thesis), Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, (224 pp.).
36. Hill M.G., Milner M. The Kupe velocity model - 4D Taranaki project. GNS Science Report, 2012/3 2012, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, (39 pp.).
37. Holstege G.C.J., Bishop D.J. Structural evolution of the Kapuni Field, New Zealand. 1998 New Zealand Petroleum Conference Proceedings 1998, 223-232. Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand.
38. Holt W.E., Stern T.A. Subduction, platform subsidence, and foreland thrust loading: the late Tertiary development of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Tectonics 1994, 13:1068-1092.
39. Hoolihan K., Yang J.S. Eocene to Recent structural history of onshore Taranaki, with reference to the main play styles. New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings 1991, 168-175. Ministry of Commerce, Wellington.
40. Kamp P.J.J. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic development of the southwest Pacific region. Tectonophysics 1986, 121(2-4):225-251.
41. Kamp P.J.J. Tracking crustal processes by FT thermochronology in a fore-arc high (Hikurangi margin, New Zealand) involving Cretaceous subduction termination and mid-Cenozoic subduction initiation. Tectonophysics 1999, 307:313-343.
42. Kamp P.J.J., Webster K.S., Nathan S. Thermal history analysis by integrated modelling of apatite fission track and vitrinite reflectance data: application to an inverted basin (Buller coalfield, New Zealand). Basin Res. 1996, 8:383-402.
43. Keller, W. R., 2003. Cenozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions and Plate Boundary Processes in the Southwest Pacific. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California (92 pp.).
44. King P.R. Polyphase evolution of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: changes in sedimentary and structural style. 1989 New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings 1990, 134-150. Ministry of Commerce, Wellington.
45. King P.R. Tectonic reconstructions of New Zealand 40Ma to the present. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2000, 43(4):611-638.
46. King P.R., Robinson P.R. An overview of Taranaki region geology, New Zealand. Energy Explor. Exploit. 1988, 6:213-232.
47. King P.R., Thrasher G.P. Post-Eocene development of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: convergent overprint of a passive margin. AAPG Memoir 1992, 53:93-118. American Association of Petroleum Geology, Tulsa. J.S. Watkins, Z. Feng, K.J. Mcmillen (Eds.).
48. King P.R., Thrasher G.P. Cretaceous-Cenozoic geology and petroleum systems of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt (N.Z.) Monograph 1996, 13.
49. Knox G.J. Taranaki Basin, structural style and tectonic setting. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1982, 25:125-140.
50. Laird M.G. The Paparoa tectonic zone. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1968, 11:435-454.
51. Laird M.G. The Late Mesozoic fragmentation of the New Zealand segment of Gondwana. Proceedings of the 5th International Gondwana Symposium, Wellington 1980 1981, 311-318. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam. M.M. Cresswell, P. Vella (Eds.).
52. Laird M.G. Cretaceous continental rifts: New Zealand region. Sedimentary Basins of the World 1993, 2:37-49. Elsevier, Amsterdam. P.F. Ballance (Ed.).
53. Laird M.G. Geological aspects of the opening of the Tasman Sea. The Evolution of the Tasman Sea Basin: Proceedings of the Tasman Sea Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand, 27-30 November 1992 1994, 1-17. Balkema, Rotterdam. G.J. Van Der Lingen, K.M. Swanson, R.J. Muir (Eds.).
54. Laird M.G., Bradshaw J.D. The break-up of a long-term relationship: the Cretaceous separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. Gondwana Res. 2004, 7:273-286.
55. Lamarche G., Lebrun J.-F. Transition from strike-slip faulting to oblique-subduction: active tectonics at the Puysegur margin, South New Zealand. Tectonophysics 2000, 316:67-89.
56. Lamb S., Bibby H.M. The last 25Ma of rotational deformation in part of the New Zealand plate boundary zone. J. Struct. Geol. 1989, 11:473-492.
57. Lewis K.B. Quaternary sedimentation on the Hikurangi oblique-subduction and transform margin, New Zealand. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 1980, 4:171-189. P.F. Balance, R.G. Reading (Eds.).
58. Luyendyk B.P. Hypothesis for Cretaceous rifting of East Gondwana caused by subducted slab capture. Geology 1995, 23:373-376. 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0373:HFCROE>2.3.CO;2.
59. McDougall J., Thrasher G.P. Cenozoic tectonics of the southeastern Taranaki Basin. Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 1991, (88 pp.).
60. Meyer V., Nicol A., Childs C., Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Progressive localisation of strain during the evolution of a normal fault population. J. Struct. Geol. 2002, 24:1215-1231.
61. Molnar P., Tapponier P. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Science 1975, 189:419-426.
62. Moore G.F., Karig D.E. Structural geology of Nias Island, Indonesia: implications for subduction zone tectonics. Am. J. Sci. 1980, 280:193-223.
63. Morgans H.E.G. Oligocene to Pliocene biostratigraphy of the marine sequences in exploration wells in the Kupe region, South Taranaki Bight, New Zealand. GNS Science Report 2013/48 2013, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, (95 pp.).
64. Mortimer N. New Zealand's geological foundations. Gondwana Res. 2004, 7(1):261-272.
65. Mouslopoulou V., Nicol A., Walsh J.J., Begg J.G., Townsend D.B., Hristopulos D.T. Fault-slip accumulation in an active rift over thousands to millions of years and the importance of paleoearthquake sampling. J. Struct. Geol. 2012, 36:71-80. 10.1016/j.jsg.2011.11.010.
66. Müller R.D., Gaina C., Tikku A., Mihut D., Cande S.C., Stock J.M. Mesozoic/Cenozoic tectonic events around Australia. Geophys. Monogr. 2000, 121:161-188.
67. Nathan S., Anderson H.J., Cook R.A., Herzer R.H., Hoskins R.H., Raine J.I., Smale D. Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary basins of the West Coast region, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Basin Studies 1986, 1. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
68. Nelson C.S., Kamp P.J.J., Young H.R. Sedimentology and petrography of mass - emplaced limestone (Orahiri Limestone) on a late Oligocene shelf, western North Island, and tectonic implications for eastern margin development of Taranaki Basin. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1994, 37(3):269-285.
69. Nicol A., Wallace L.M. Temporal stability of deformation rates: comparison of geological and geodetic observations, Hikurangi subduction margin, New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2007, 258:397-413.
70. Nicol A., Van Dissen R., Vella P., Alloway B., Melhuish A. Growth of contractional structures during the last 10Ma, Hikurangi forearc, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2002, 45:365-385.
71. Nicol A., Stagpoole V.M., Maslen G. Structure and petroleum potential of the Taranaki fault play. New Zealand Petroleum Conference (2004: Auckland) 2004, 9.
72. Nicol A., Walsh J., Berryman K., Nodder S. Growth of a normal fault by the accumulation of slip over millions of years. J. Struct. Geol. 2005, 27:327-342.
73. Nicol A., Mazengarb C., Chanier F., Rait G., Uruski C. Tectonic evolution of the active Hikurangi Subduction margin, New Zealand, since the Oligocene. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC4002.
74. Nodder S. Neotectonics of the offshore Cape Egmont Fault Zone, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1993, 36(2):167-184.
75. Norris R.J., Koons P.O., Cooper A.F. The obliquely-convergent plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for ancient collision zones. J. Struct. Geol. 1990, 12:715-725.
76. Palmer J.A., Andrews P.R. Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentation and implied tectonic controls on the structural evolution of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Sedimentary Basins of the World 1993, 2:309-328. Elsevier, Amsterdam. P.F. Ballance (Ed.).
77. Palmer J.A., Bulte G. Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 1991, 52:261-282. K.T. Biddle (Ed.).
78. Peacock D.C.P., Sanderson D.J. Displacements, segment linkage and relay ramps in normal fault zones. J. Struct. Geol. 1991, 13:721-733.
79. Petersen K., Clausen O.R., Korstgard J.A. Evolution of a salt-related listric growth fault near the D-1 well, block 5605, Danish North Sea: displacement history and salt kinematics. J. Struct. Geol. 1992, 14:565-577.
80. Pettinga J.R. Upper Cenozoic structural history, coastal Southern Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1982, 25(2):149-191.
81. Pilaar W.F.H., Wakefield L.L. Structural and stratigraphic evolution of the Taranaki Basin, offshore North Island, New Zealand. The APEA Journal 1978, 18 (1):93-101. Australian Petroleum Exploration Association, Sydney.
82. Raine J.I., Beu A.G., Boyes A.F., Campbell H.J., Cooper R.A., Crundwell M.P., Hollis C.J., Morgans H.E.G. New Zealand Geological Timescale v. 2012/1 2012, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, (1 folded chart).
83. Rait G., Chanier F., Waters D.W. Landward- and seaward-directed thrusting accompanying the onset of subduction beneath New Zealand. Geology 1991, 19(3):230-233.
84. Rattenbury, M. S., Cooper, R. A. & Johnston, M. R., 1998. Geology of the Nelson area, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, map, scale 1:250,000, geological map 9, 67 p.+folded map.
85. Reilly, C., 2015. Tectonic Evolution, Fault Growth and Hydrocarbon Migration in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University College Dublin, Ireland.
86. Reyners M. The central role of the Hikurangi Plateau in the Cenozoic tectonics of New Zealand and the Southwest Pacific. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2013, 361:460-468.
87. Roncaglia L., Morgans H.E.G., Arnot M.J., Baur J., Bushe H., Jones C.M., King P.R., Milner M., Zhu H. Stratigraphy, well correlation and seismic-to-well tie in the Upper Cretaceous to Pliocene interval in the Kupe region, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Introduction to the stratigraphic database in PETREL. GNS Science Report 2008/7 2008, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, (24 pp.).
88. Roncaglia L., Milner M., Baur J., Fohrmann M., Kroeger K., Strogen D., Zhu H., Arnot M., Bland K., Bushe H., Funnell R., Ilg B., Jones C., King P., Leitner B., Massey M., Morgans H.E.G., Reid E. Procedures and metadata protocols used in modelling Taranaki Basin petroleum systems: guidelines from a pilot case study in the Kupe area. GNS Science Report 2009/49 2010, (70 pp.).
89. Roncaglia L., Fohrmann M., Milner M., Morgans H.E.G., Crundwell M.P. Well log stratigraphy in the central and southern offshore areas of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. GNS Science Report, 2013/27 2013, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, (26 pp. + 5 enclosures).
90. Schellart W.P., Lister G.S., Toy V.G. A Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic reconstruction of the Southwest Pacific region: tectonics controlled by subduction and slab rollback processes. Earth Sci. Rev. 2006, 76:191-233.
91. Schmidt D.S., Robinson P.H. The structural setting and depositional history for the Kupe South Field, Taranaki Basin. 1989 New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings 1989, 151-172. Ministry of Commerce, Wellington.
92. Sdrolias M., Müller R.D., Gaina C. Tectonic evolution of the Southwest Pacific using constraints from backarc basins. Geological Society of Australia Special Publications 2003, 22:343-359. R.R. Hills, R.D. Müller (Eds.).
93. Seebeck H., Nicol A., Giba M., Pettinga J., Walsh J.J. Geometry of the subducting Pacific plate since 20Ma, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc. 2014, 171(1):131-143.
94. Stagpoole V.M., Nicol A. Regional structure and kinematic history of a large subduction back thrust: Taranaki Fault, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 2008, 113:B01403. 10.1029/2007JB005170.
95. Stern T.A., Davey F.J. Deep seismic expression of a foreland basin: Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Geology 1990, 18:979-982.
96. Stock J.M., Molnar P. Uncertainties in the relative motions of the Australia, Antarctica and Pacific plates since the Late Cretaceous. J. Geophys. Res. 1982, 87:4697-4714.
97. Strogen, D. P. (compiler), 2011. Updated paleogeographic maps for the Taranaki Basin and surrounds. GNS Science Report, 2010/53. (83 pp.).
98. Strogen D.P., King P.R. A new Zealandia-wide seismic horizon naming scheme. GNS Science Report 2014/34 2014, (20 pp.).
99. Strogen D.P., Bland K.J., Baur J.R., Nicol A., Seebeck H., King P.R. Rift to drift on the edge of Gondwana: Cretaceous-Eocene paleogeographic evolution of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Geosciences New Zealand Annual conference, New Plymouth, November 2014 2014.
100. Strogen D.P., Bland K.J., Nicol A., King P.R. Palaeogeography of the Taranaki Basin region during the latest Eocene-Early Miocene and implications for the 'total drowning' of Zealandia. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2014, 10.1080/00288306.2014.901231.
101. Sutherland R. The Australia-Pacific boundary and Cenozoic plate motions in the SW Pacific: some constraints from Geosat data. Tectonics 1995, 14:819-831.
102. Sutherland R. Basement geology and tectonic development of the greater New Zealand region: an interpretation from regional magnetic data. Tectonophysics 1999, 308(3):341-362.
103. Taylor S.K., Nicol A., Walsh J.J. Displacement loss on growth faults due to sediment compaction. J. Struct. Geol. 2008, 30:394-405.
104. Thrasher G.P. Tectonics of the Taranaki Rift. 1989 New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings 1990, 124-133. Ministry of Commerce, Wellington.
105. Thrasher, G.P., 1992. Late Cretaceous Geology of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
106. Thrasher G.P., Cahill J.P. Subsurface maps of the Taranaki basin region, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Report G142 1990.
107. Tippett J.M., Kamp P.J.J. The role of faulting in rock uplift in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1993, 3(6):497-504.
108. Titheridge, D. G., 1977. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Pakawau and Lower Westhaven Groups (Upper Cretaceous-Oligocene), Northwest Nelson. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
109. Townsend D., Nicol A., Mouslopoulou V., Begg J.G., Beetham R.D., Clark D., Giba M., Heron D., Lukovic B., Mcpherson A., Seebeck H., Walsh J.J. Paleoearthquake histories across a normal fault system in the south-western Taranaki Peninsula, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 2010, 53(4):375-394.
110. Turner G.M., Michalk D.M., Little T.A. Paleomagnetic constraints on Cenozoic deformation along the northwest margin of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand. Tectonics 2012, 31:TC1005. 10.1029/2011TC002931.
111. Uruski C., Wood R. Structure and stratigraphy of the New Caledonia Basin. Explor. Geophys. 1991, 22:411-418.
112. Uyeda S., Kanamori H. Back-arc opening and the mode of subduction. J. Geophys. Res. 1979, 84:1049-1061.
113. Veevers J.J., Li Z.X. Review of seafloor spreading around Australia. II. Marine magnetic anomaly modelling. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 1991, 38:391-406.
114. Voggenreiter W.R. Structure and evolution of the Kapuni Anticline, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: evidence from the Kapuni 3D seismic survey. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 1993, 36:77-94.
115. Walcott R.I. Present tectonics and late Cenozoic evolution of New Zealand. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 1978, 52:137-164.
116. Walcott R.I. Modes of oblique compression: Late Cenozoic tectonics of the South Island of New Zealand. Rev. Geophys. 1998, 36(1):1-26.
117. Wallace L.M., Beavan J., Mccaffrey R., Darby D. Subduction zone coupling and tectonic block rotations in the North Island, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 2004, 109:B12406. 10.1029/2004JB003241.
118. Wallace L.M., Beavan J., Mccaffrey R., Berryman K., Denys P. Balancing the plate motion budget in the South Island, New Zealand, using GPS, geological and seismological data. Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 168(1):322-352.
119. Wallace L.M., Ellis S., Mann P. Collisional model for rapid fore-arc block rotations, arc curvature, and episodic back-arc rifting in subduction settings. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2009, 10:Q05001. 10.1029/2008GC002220.
120. Wallace L.M., Barnes P., Beavan R.J., Van Dissen R.J., Litchfield N.J., Mountjoy J., Langridge R.M., Lamarche G., Pondard N. The kinematics of a transition from subduction to strike-slip: an example from the central New Zealand plate boundary. J. Geophys. Res. 2012, 117:B02405. 10.1029/2011JB008640.
121. Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Analysis of the relationship between displacements and dimensions of faults. J. Struct. Geol. 1988, 10:239-247.
122. Walsh J.J., Watterson J. Dips of normal faults in British Coal Measures and other sedimentary sequences. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1988, 145:859-873.
123. Young I.M., Van Der Veeken J., Stroemmen J.F. Tectonic evolution of the Cape Egmont Fault in the Maui PML - an interpretation from the first application of 3D pre-stack depth migration in New Zealand. 1998 New Zealand Petroleum Conference Proceedings 1998, 233-238. Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand.