Dynamic photosynthesis in different environmental conditions

Journal of Experimental Botany

Volumn 66, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 2415-2426

  Kaiser, Elias ^a   Morales, Alejandro ^a   Harbinson, Jeremy ^a   Kromdijk, Johannes ^b   Heuvelink, Ep ^a   Marcelis, Leo F M ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; CO2 assimilation; fluctuating irradiance; light transients; lightfleck; sunfleck; temperature; vapour pressure deficit

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CHLOROPHYLL; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE;

BIOLOGICAL MODEL; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENT; LIGHT; METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT LEAF; RADIATION RESPONSE; TEMPERATURE;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CHLOROPHYLL; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENT; LIGHT; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANT LEAVES; RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84929340484     PISSN: 00220957     EISSN: 14602431     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru406     Document Type: Review

References (127)

1. Allen MT, Pearcy RW. 2000. Stomatal versus biochemical limitations to dynamic photosynthetic performance in four tropical rainforest shrub species. Oecologia 122, 479-486.
2. Andralojc PJ, Madgwick PJ, Tao Y et al. 2012. 2-Carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) phosphatase: evidence for a wider role in plant Rubisco regulation. The Biochemical Journal 442, 733-742.
3. Arena C, Vitale L, De Santo AV. 2005. Photosynthetic response of Quercus ilex L. plants grown on compost and exposed to increasing photon flux densities and elevated CO2. Photosynthetica 43, 615-619.
4. Avron M, Gibbs M. 1974. Properties of phosphoribulokinase of whole chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 53, 136-139.
5. Bernacchi CJ, Bagley JE, Serbin SP, Ruiz-Vera UM, Rosenthal DM, Vanloocke A. 2013. Modelling C3 photosynthesis from the chloroplast to the ecosystem. Plant, Cell and Environment 36, 1641-1657.
6. Bilger W, Björkman O. 1991. Temperature dependence of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in intact leaves of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Malva parviflora L. Planta 184, 226-234.
7. Carmo-Silva AE, Salvucci ME. 2011. The activity of Rubisco's molecular chaperone, Rubisco activase, in leaf extracts. Photosynthesis Research 108, 143-155.
8. Carmo-Silva AE, Salvucci ME. 2013. The regulatory properties of Rubisco activase differ among species and affect photosynthetic induction during light transitions. Plant Physiology 161, 1645-1655.
9. Champigny M-L, Bismuth E. 1976. Role of photosynthetic electron transfer in light activation of Calvin cycle enzymes. Physiologia Plantarum 36, 95-100.
10. Chazdon RL, Pearcy RW. 1986. Photosynthetic responses to light variation in rainforest species I. Induction under constant and fluctuating light conditions. Oecologia 69, 517-523.
11. Clarke JE, Johnson GN. 2001. In vivo temperature dependence of cyclic and pseudocyclic electron transport in barley. Planta 212, 808-816.
12. Crews CE, Vines HM, Black CCJ. 1975. Postillumination burst of carbon dioxide in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants. Plant Physiology 55, 652-657.
13. Cruz JA, Sacksteder CA, Kanazawa A, Kramer DM. 2001. Contribution of electric field (Δψ) to steady-state transthylakoid proton motive force (pmf) in vitro and in vivo. Control of pmf parsing into Δψ and ?pH by ionic strength. Biochemistry 40, 1226-1237.
14. Damour G, Simonneau T, Cochard H, Urban L. 2010. An overview of models of stomatal conductance at the leaf level. Plant, Cell and Environment 33, 1419-1438.
15. Decker JP. 1955. A rapid, postillumination deceleration of respiration in green leaves. Plant Physiology 30, 82-84.
16. Downton WJS. 1970. Preferential C4-dicarboxylic acid synthesis, the postillumination CO2 burst, carboxyl transfer step, and grana configurations in plants with C4-photosynthesis. Canadian Journal of Botany 48, 1795-1800.
17. Drake PL, Froend RH, Franks PJ. 2013. Smaller, faster stomata: scaling of stomatal size, rate of response, and stomatal conductance. Journal of Experimental Botany 64, 495-505.
18. Eckardt NA, Portis ARJ. 1997. Heat denaturation profiles of Ribulose- 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco Activase and the inability of Rubisco Activase to restore activity of heat-denatured Rubisco. Plant Physiology 113, 243-248.
19. Evans JR, von Caemmerer S. 2013. Temperature response of carbon isotope discrimination and mesophyll conductance in tobacco. Plant, Cell and Environment 36, 745-756.
20. Feller U, Crafts-Brandner SJ, Salvucci ME. 1998. Moderately high temperatures inhibit Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco) Activase-mediated activation of Rubisco. Plant Physiology 116, 539-546.
21. Flexas J, Barbour MM, Brendel O, et al. 2012. Mesophyll diffusion conductance to CO2: An unappreciated central player in photosynthesis. Plant Science 193-194, 70-84.
22. Flexas J, Diaz-Espejo A, Galmés J, Kaldenhoff R, Medrano H, Ribas-Carbo M. 2007. Rapid variations of mesophyll conductance in response to changes in CO2 concentration around leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 30, 1284-1298.
23. Flexas J, Ribas-Carbó M, Diaz-Espejo A, Galmés J, Medrano H. 2008. Mesophyll conductance to CO2: current knowledge and future prospects. Plant, Cell and Environment 31, 602-621.
24. Flexas J, Scoffoni C, Gago J, Sack L. 2013. Leaf mesophyll conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance: an introduction to their measurement and coordination. Journal of Experimental Botany 64, 3965-3981.
25. Foyer CH, Bloom AJ, Queval G, Noctor G. 2009. Photorespiratory metabolism: genes, mutants, energetics, and redox signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology 60, 455-484.
26. Foyer CH, Neukermans J, Queval G, Noctor G, Harbinson J. 2012. Photosynthetic control of electron transport and the regulation of gene expression. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 1637-1661.
27. Gardemann A, Schimkat D, Heldt HW. 1986. Control of CO2 fixation. Regulation of stromal fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in spinach by pH and Mg2+ concentration. Planta 168, 536-545.
28. Gilmore AM, Björkman O. 1995. Temperature-sensitive coupling and uncoupling of ATPase-mediated, nonradiative energy dissipation: Similarities between chloroplasts and leaves. Planta 197, 646-654.
29. Goral TK, Johnson MP, Duffy CDP, Brain APR, Ruban A V, Mullineaux CW. 2012. Light-harvesting antenna composition controls the macrostructure and dynamics of thylakoid membranes in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 69, 289-301.
30. Griffiths H, Helliker BR. 2013. Mesophyll conductance: internal insights of leaf carbon exchange. Plant, Cell and Environment 36, 733-735.
31. Harley PC, Loreto F, Di Marco G, Sharkey TD. 1992. Theoretical considerations when estimating the mesophyll conductance to CO2 flux by analysis of the response of photosynthesis to CO2. Plant Physiology 98, 1429-1436.
32. Holišová P, Zitová M, Klem K, Urban O. 2012. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on carbon assimilation under fluctuating light. Journal of Environmental Quality 41, 1931-1938.
33. Howard TP, Lloyd JC, Raines CA. 2011. Inter-species variation in the oligomeric states of the higher plant Calvin cycle enzymes glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoribulokinase. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 3799-3805.
34. Howard TP, Metodiev M, Lloyd JC, Raines CA. 2008. Thioredoxin-mediated reversible dissociation of a stromal multiprotein complex in response to changes in light availability. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 105, 4056-4061.
35. Hubbart S, Ajigboye OO, Horton P, Murchie EH. 2012. The photoprotective protein PsbS exerts control over CO2 assimilation rate in fluctuating light in rice. The Plant Journal 71, 402-412.
36. IPCC. 2013. Fifth assessment report climate change 2013: summary for policymakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Ishijima S, Uchibori A, Takagi H, Maki R, Ohnishi M. 2003. Light-induced increase in free Mg2+ concentration in spinach chloroplasts: Measurement of free Mg2+ by using a fluorescent probe and necessity of stromal alkalinization. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 412, 126-132.
38. Jahns P, Holzwarth AR. 2012. The role of the xanthophyll cycle and of lutein in photoprotection of photosystem II. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1817, 182-193.
39. Johnson MP, Goral TK, Duffy CDP, Brain APR, Mullineaux CW, Ruban A V. 2011. Photoprotective energy dissipation involves the reorganization of photosystem II light-harvesting complexes in the grana membranes of spinach chloroplasts. The Plant Cell 23, 1468-1479.
40. Kaiser H, Kappen L. 2000. In situ observation of stomatal movements and gas exchange of Aegopodium podagraria L. in the understorey. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 1741-1749.
41. Kaiser H, Kappen L. 2001. Stomatal oscillations at small apertures: indications for a fundamental insufficiency of stomatal feedback-control inherent in the stomatal turgor mechanism. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 1303-1313.
42. Kirschbaum MUF, Küppers M, Schneider H, Giersch C, Noe S. 1998. Modelling photosynthesis in fluctuating light with inclusion of stomatal conductance, biochemical activation and pools of key photosynthetic intermediates. Planta 204, 16-26.
43. Kirschbaum MUF, Oja V, Laisk a. 2005. The quantum yield of CO2 fixation is reduced for several minutes after prior exposure to darkness. Exploration of the underlying causes. Plant Biology 7, 58-66.
44. Kirschbaum MUF, Pearcy RW. 1988. Gas exchange analysis of the fast phase of photosynthetic induction in Alocasia macrorrhiza. Plant Physiology 87, 818-821.
45. Kobza J, Edwards GE. 1987. The photosynthetic induction response in wheat leaves: net CO2 uptake, enzyme activation, and leaf metabolites. Planta 171, 549-559.
46. Kono M, Terashima I. 2014. Long-term and short-term responses of the photosynthetic electron transport to fluctuating light. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 137, 89-99.
47. Kramer DM, Evans JR. 2011. The importance of energy balance in improving photosynthetic productivity. Plant Physiology 155, 70-78.
48. Küppers M, Schneider H. 1993. Leaf gas exchange of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in lightflecks : effects of fleck length and leaf temperature in leaves grown in deep and partial shade. Trees 7, 160-168.
49. Laing WA, Stitt M, Heldt HW. 1981. Control of CO2 fixation. Changes in the activity of ribulosephosphate kinase and fructose- and sedoheptulosebisphosphatase in chloroplasts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 637, 348-359.
50. Laisk A, Kiirats O, Oja V. 1984. Assimilatory power (postillumination CO2 uptake) in leaves. Plant Physiology 76, 723-729.
51. Lawson T, Blatt MR. 2014. Stomatal size, speed, and responsiveness impact on photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Plant Physiology 164, 1556-1570.
52. Lawson T, Davey PA, Yates SA, Bechtold U, Baeshen M, Baeshen N, Mutwakil MZ, Sabir J, Baker NR, Mullineaux PM. 2014. C3 photosynthesis in the desert plant Rhazya stricta is fully functional at high temperatures and light intensities. New Phytologist 201, 862-873.
53. Leakey ADB, Press MC, Scholes JD. 2003. High-temperature inhibition of photosynthesis is greater under sunflecks than uniform irradiance in a tropical rain forest tree seedling. Plant, Cell and Environment 26, 1681-1690.
54. Leakey ADB, Press MC, Scholes JD, Watling JR. 2002. Relative enhancement of photosynthesis and growth at elevated CO2 is greater under sunflecks than uniform irradiance in a tropical rain forest tree seedling. Plant, Cell and Environment 25, 1701-1714.
55. Li X-P, Björkman O, Shih C, Grossman AR, Rosenquist M, Jansson S, Niyogi KK. 2000. A pigment-binding protein essential for regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting. Nature 403, 391-395.
56. Li X-P, Gilmore AM, Caffarri S, Bassi R, Golan T, Kramer D, Niyogi KK. 2004. Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves intrathylakoid lumen pH sensing by the PsbS protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, 22866-22874.
57. Mate CJ, Hudson GS, von Caemmerer S, Evans JR, Andrews TJ. 1993. Reduction of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activase levels in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by Antisense RNA reduces Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase carbamylation and impairs photosynthesis. Plant Physiology 102, 1119-1128.
58. McNevin D, von Caemmerer S, Farquhar G. 2006. Determining RuBisCO activation kinetics and other rate and equilibrium constants by simultaneous multiple non-linear regression of a kinetic model. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 3883-3900.
59. Merilo E, Jõesaar I, Brosché M, Kollist H. 2014. To open or to close: species-specific stomatal responses to simultaneously applied opposing environmental factors. New Phytologist 202, 499-508.
60. Monteith JL. 1995. A reinterpretation of stomatal responses to humidity. Plant, Cell and Environment 18, 357-364.
61. Mott KA, Woodrow IE. 2000. Modelling the role of Rubisco activase in limiting non-steady-state photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 399-406.
62. Naumburg E, Ellsworth DS. 2000. Photosynthetic sunfleck utilization potential of understory saplings growing under elevated CO2 in FACE. Oecologia 122, 163-174.
63. Naumburg E, Ellsworth DS. 2002. Short-term light and leaf photosynthetic dynamics affect estimates of daily understory photosynthesis in four tree species. Tree Physiology 22, 393-401.
64. Naumburg E, Ellsworth DS, Katul GG. 2001. Modeling dynamic understory photosynthesis of contrasting species in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. Oecologia 126, 487-499.
65. Nilkens M, Kress E, Lambrev P, Miloslavina Y, Müller M, Holzwarth AR, Jahns P. 2010. Identification of a slowly inducible zeaxanthin-dependent component of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence generated under steady-state conditions in Arabidopsis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1797, 466-475.
66. Ögren E, Sundin U. 1996. Photosynthetic responses to variable light: a comparison of species from contrasting habitats. Oecologia 106, 18-27.
67. Ooba M, Takahashi H. 2003. Effect of asymmetric stomatal response on gas-exchange dynamics. Ecological Modelling 164, 65-82.
68. Osmond CB, Oja V, Laisk A. 1988. Regulation of carboxylation and photosynthetic oscillations during sun-shade acclimation in Helianthus annuus measured with a rapid-response gas exchange system. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 15, 239-251.
69. Ozturk I, Holst N, Ottosen C-O. 2012. Simulation of leaf photosynthesis of C3 plants under fluctuating light and different temperatures. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34, 2319-2329.
70. Parry MAJ, Andralojc PJ, Scales JC, Salvucci ME, Carmo-Silva AE, Alonso H, Whitney SM. 2013. Rubisco activity and regulation as targets for crop improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany 63, 717-730.
71. Peak D, Mott KA. 2011. A new, vapour-phase mechanism for stomatal responses to humidity and temperature. Plant, Cell and Environment 34, 162-178.
72. Pearcy RW, Chazdon RL, Gross LJ, Mott KA. 1994. Photosynthetic utilization of sunflecks, a temporally patchy resource on a time-scale of seconds to minutes. In: Caldwell MM, Pearcy RW, eds. Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 175-208.
73. Pearcy RW, Gross LJ, He D. 1997. An improved dynamic model of photosynthesis for estimation of carbon gain in sunfieck light regimes. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 411-424.
74. Pearcy RW, Krall JP, Sassenrath-Cole GF. 1996. Photosynthesis in fluctuating light environments. In: Baker NR, ed. Photosynthesis and the environment. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, 321-346.
75. Pearcy RW, Way DA. 2012. Two decades of sunfleck research: looking back to move forward. Tree Physiology 32, 1059-1061.
76. Peguero-Pina JJ, Gil-Pelegrín E, Morales F. 2013. Three pools of zeaxanthin in Quercus coccifera leaves during light transitions with different roles in rapidly reversible photoprotective energy dissipation and photoprotection. Journal of Experimental Botany 64, 1649-1661.
77. Pepin S, Livingston NJ. 1997. Rates of stomatal opening in conifer seedlings in relation to air temperature and daily carbon gain. Plant, Cell and Environment 20, 1462-1472.
78. Peterson RB. 1983. Estimation of photorespiration based on the initial rate of postillumination CO2 release II. Effects of O2, CO2, and temperature. Plant Physiology 73, 983-988.
79. Pons TL, Pearcy RW. 1992. Photosynthesis in flashing light in soybean leaves grown in different conditions. II. Lightfleck utilization efficiency. Plant, Cell and Environment 15, 577-584.
80. Portis ARJ. 2003. Rubisco activase - Rubisco's catalytic chaperone. Photosynthesis Research 75, 11-27.
81. Portis ARJ, Salvucci ME, Ogren WL. 1986. Activation of Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase at physiological CO2 and Ribulosebisphosphate concentrations by Rubisco Activase. Plant Physiology 82, 967-971.
82. Prinsley RT, Hunt S, Smith AM, Leegood RC. 1986. The influence of a decrease in irradiance on photosynthetic carbon assimilation in leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. Planta 167, 414-420.
83. Prinsley RT, Leegood RC. 1986. Factors affecting photosynthetic induction in spinach leaves. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 849, 244-253.
84. Raines CA, Lloyd JC, Dyer TA. 1999. New insights into the structure and function of sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase; an important but neglected Calvin cycle enzyme. Journal of Experimental Botany 50, 1-8.
85. Rawsthorne S, Hylton CM. 1991. The relationship between the post-illumination CO2 burst and glycine metabolism in leaves of C3 and C3-C4 intermediate species of Moricandia. Planta 186, 122-126.
86. Riikonen J, Holopainen T, Oksanen E, Vapaavuori E. 2005. Leaf photosynthetic characteristics of silver birch during three years of exposure to elevated concentrations of CO2 and O3 in the field. Tree Physiology 25, 621-632.
87. Roden JS. 2003. Modeling the light interception and carbon gain of individual fluttering aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) leaves. Trees 17, 117-126.
88. Roden JS, Pearcy RW. 1993. Photosynthetic gas exchange response of poplars to steady-state and dynamic light environments. Oecologia 93, 208-214.
89. Ruban A V, Johnson MP, Duffy CDP. 2012. The photoprotective molecular switch in the photosystem II antenna. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1817, 167-181.
90. Ruelland E, Miginiac-Maslow M. 1999. Regulation of chloroplast enzyme activities by thioredoxins: activation or relief from inhibition? Trends in Plant Science 4, 136-141.
91. Ruuska S, Andrews TJ, Badger MR, Hudson GS, Laisk A, Price GD, von Caemmerer S. 1998. The interplay between limiting processes in C3 photosynthesis studied by rapid-response gas exchange using transgenic tobacco impaired in photosynthesis. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25, 859-870.
92. Salvucci ME, Crafts-brandner SJ. 2004. Inhibition of photosynthesis by heat stress: the activation state of Rubisco as a limiting factor in photosynthesis. Physiologia Plantarum 120, 179-186.
93. Salvucci ME, Portis ARJ, Ogren WL. 1985. A soluble chloroplast protein catalyzes ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activation in vivo. Photosynthesis Research 7, 193-201.
94. Sassenrath-Cole GF, Pearcy RW. 1992. The role of Ribulose-1,5- Bisphosphate regeneration in the induction requirement of photosynthetic CO2 exchange under transient light conditions. Plant Physiology 99, 227-234.
95. Sassenrath-Cole GF, Pearcy RW. 1994. Regulation of photosynthetic induction state by the magnitude and duration of low light exposure. Plant Physiology 105, 1115-1123.
96. Sassenrath-Cole GF, Pearcy RW, Steinmaus S. 1994. The role of enzyme activation state in limiting carbon assimilation under variable light conditions. Photosynthesis Research 41, 295-302.
97. Scheibe R. 2004. Malate valves to balance cellular energy supply. Physiologia Plantarum 120, 21-26.
98. Schimkat D, Heineke D, Heldt HW. 1990. Regulation of sedoheptulose- 1,7-bisphosphatase by sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glycerate, and of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase by glycerate in spinach chloroplasts. Planta 181, 97-103.
99. Schymanski SJ, Or D, Zwieniecki M. 2013. Stomatal control and leaf thermal and hydraulic capacitances under rapid environmental fluctuations. PLoS ONE 8, e54231.
100. Sharkey TD, Seemann JR, Pearcy RW. 1986. Contribution of metabolites of photosynthesis to postillumination CO2 assimilation in response to lightflects. Plant Physiology 82, 1063-1068.
101. Shikanai T. 2014. Central role of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I in the regulation of photosynthesis. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 26, 25-30.
102. Smith WK, Berry ZC. 2013. Sunflecks? Tree Physiology 33, 233-237.
103. Stitt M, Wirtz W, Heldt HW. 1980. Metabolite levels during induction in the chloroplast and extrachloroplast compartments of spinach protoplasts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 593, 85-102.
104. Sun J, Edwards GE, Okita TW. 1999. Feedback inhibition of photosynthesis in rice measured by O2 dependent transients. Photosynthesis Research 59, 187-200.
105. Suorsa M, Järvi S, Grieco M, et al. 2012. PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 is essential for proper acclimation of Arabidopsis Photosystem I to naturally and artificially fluctuating light conditions. The Plant Cell 24, 2934-2948.
106. Tausz M, Warren CR, Adams MA. 2005. Dynamic light use and protection from excess light in upper canopy and coppice leaves of Nothofagus cunninghamii in an old growth, cool temperate rainforest in Victoria, Australia. New Phytologist 165, 143-156.
107. Tcherkez G. 2013. Modelling the reaction mechanism of ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and consequences for kinetic parameters. Plant, Cell and Environment 36, 1586-1596.
108. Tholen D, Boom C, Noguchi K, Ueda S, Katase T, Terashima I. 2008. The chloroplast avoidance response decreases internal conductance to CO2 diffusion in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 31, 1688-1700.
109. Tholen D, Ethier G, Genty B, Pepin S, Zhu X-G. 2012. Variable mesophyll conductance revisited: theoretical background and experimental implications. Plant, Cell and Environment 35, 2087-2103.
110. Tikkanen M, Grieco M, Nurmi M, Rantala M, Suorsa M, Aro E-M. 2012. Regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus under fluctuating growth light. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: B 367, 3486-3493.
111. Timm H-C, Küppers M, Stegemann J. 2004. Non-destructive analysis of architectural expansion and assimilate allocation in different tropical tree saplings: consequences of using steady-state and dynamic photosynthesis models. Ecotropica 10, 101-121.
112. Tinoco-Ojanguren C, Pearcy RW. 1993a. Stomatal dynamics and its importance to carbon gain in two rainforest Piper species. II. Stomatal versus biochemical limitations during photosynthetic induction. Oecologia 94, 395-402.
113. Tinoco-Ojanguren C, Pearcy RW. 1993b. Stomatal dynamics and its importance to carbon gain in two rainforest Piper species. I. VPD effects on the transient stomatal response to lightflecks. Oecologia 94, 388-394.
114. Tomimatsu H, Tang Y. 2012. Elevated CO2 differentially affects photosynthetic induction response in two Populus species with different stomatal behavior. Oecologia 169, 869-78.
115. Vico G, Manzoni S, Palmroth S, Katul G. 2011. Effects of stomatal delays on the economics of leaf gas exchange under intermittent light regimes. New Phytologist 192, 640-652.
116. Vines HM, Tu Z-P, Armitage AM, Chen S-S, Black CCJ. 1983. Environmental responses of the post-lower illumination CO2 burst as related to leaf photorespiration. Plant Physiology 73, 25-30.
117. Walters RG, Horton P. 1991. Resolution of components of non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in barley leaves. Photosynthesis Research 27, 121-133.
118. Way DA, Pearcy RW. 2012. Sunflecks in trees and forests: from photosynthetic physiology to global change biology. Tree Physiology 32, 1066-1081.
119. Wedel N, Soll J, Paap BK. 1997. CP12 provides a new mode of light regulation of Calvin cycle activity in higher plants. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 94, 10479-10484.
120. Willmer C, Fricker M. 1996. Stomata Ed 2. London, UK: Chapman & Hall
121. Woodrow IE, Kelly ME, Mott KA. 1996. Limitation of the rate of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activation by carbamylation and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activase activity: development and tests of a mechanistic model. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 23, 141-149.
122. Woodrow IE, Mott KA. 1989. Rate limitation of non-steady-state photosynthesis by Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase in spinach. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 16, 487-500.
123. Yamori W, Hikosaka K, Way DA. 2014. Temperature response of photosynthesis in C3, C4, and CAM plants: temperature acclimation and temperature adaptation. Photosynthesis Research 119, 101-117.
124. Yamori W, Masumoto C, Fukayama H, Makino A. 2012. Rubisco activase is a key regulator of non-steady-state photosynthesis at any leaf temperature and, to a lesser extent, of steady-state photosynthesis at high temperature. The Plant Journal 71, 871-880.
125. Yamori W, Suzuki K, Noguchi K, Nakai M, Terashima I. 2006. Effects of Rubisco kinetics and Rubisco activation state on the temperature dependence of the photosynthetic rate in spinach leaves from contrasting growth temperatures. Plant, Cell and Environment 29, 1659-1670.
126. Zhang N, Portis ARJ. 1999. Mechanism of light regulation of Rubisco: A specific role for the larger Rubisco activase isoform involving reductive activation by thioredoxin-f. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 96, 9438-9443.
127. Zhu X-G, Ort DR, Whitmarsh J, Long SP. 2004. The slow reversibility of photosystem II thermal energy dissipation on transfer from high to low light may cause large losses in carbon gain by crop canopies: a theoretical analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany 55, 1167-1175.