Lower protein-to-carbohydrate ratio in maternal diet is associated with higher childhood systolic blood pressure up to age four years

Nutrients

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 3078-3093

  Blumfield, Michelle L ^a,b   Nowson, Caryl ^c   Hure, Alexis J ^d   Smith, Roger ^e   Simpson, Stephen J ^f   Raubenheimer, David ^f   MacDonald Wicks, Lesley ^a,b   Collins, Clare E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^c DEAKIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

^e JOHN HUNTER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Child; Diet; Dietary intake; Macronutrient; Maternal; Nutrition; Pregnancy; Protein; Systolic

Indexed keywords

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID; PROTEIN INTAKE; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CARBOHYDRATE DIET; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MACRONUTRIENT; MALE; MATERNAL NUTRITION; PRENATAL PERIOD; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROTEIN RESTRICTION; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; ADVERSE EFFECTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALORIC INTAKE; DIET; DRUG EFFECTS; HYPERTENSION; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MOTHER; NEWBORN; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN INTAKE;

ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIET; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES; DIETARY PROTEINS; ENERGY INTAKE; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-6; FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MOTHERS; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; PRENATAL NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 84929339996     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20726643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/nu7053078     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Muntner, P.; He, J.; Cutler, J. A.; Wildman, R. P.; Whelton, P. K. Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents. JAMA 2004, 291, 2107-2113.
2. World Health Organisation. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs); World Health Organisation: Geneva, Switzerland, 2013.
3. Sun, S. S.; Liang, R.; Huang, T. T.; Daniels, S. R.; Arslanian, S.; Liu, K.; Grave, G. D.; Siervogel, R. M. Childhood obesity predicts adult metabolic syndrome: The Fels longitudinal study. J. Pediatr. 2008, 152, 191-200.
4. Chen, X.; Wang, Y. Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Circulation 2008, 117, 3171-3180.
5. Poston, L. Influence of maternal nutritional status on vascular function in the offspring. Microcirculation 2011, 18, 256-262.
6. Nuyt, A. M.; Alexander, B. T. Developmental programming and hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2009, 18, 144-152.
7. Ojeda, N. B.; Grigore, D.; Alexander, B. T. Developmental programming of hypertension: Insight from animal models of nutritional manipulation. Hypertension 2008, 52, 44-50.
8. Grigore, D.; Ojeda, N. B.; Alexander, B. T. Sex differences in the fetal programming of hypertension. Gend. Med. 2008, 5, S121-S132.
9. Langley-Evans, S. C.; Jackson, A. A. Increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low protein diets. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 1994, 86, 217-222.
10. Symonds, M. E.; Stephenson, T.; Budge, H. Early determinants of cardiovascular disease: The role of early diet in later blood pressure control. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89, 1518S-1522S.
11. Normia, J.; Laitinen, K.; Isolauri, E.; Poussa, T.; Jaakkola, J.; Ojala, T. Impact of intrauterine and post-natal nutritional determinants on blood pressure at 4 years of age. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 2013, 26, 544-552.
12. Aaltonen, J.; Ojala, T.; Laitinen, K.; Piirainen, T. J.; Poussa, T. A.; Isolauri, E. Evidence of infant blood pressure programming by maternal nutrition during pregnancy: A prospective randomized controlled intervention study. J. Pediatr. 2008, 152, 79-84.
13. Brion, M. J.; Leary, S. D.; Lawlor, D. A.; Smith, G. D.; Ness, A. R. Modifiable maternal exposures and offspring blood pressure: A review of epidemiological studies of maternal age, diet, and smoking. Pediatr. Res. 2008, 63, 593-598.
14. Blumfield, M. L.; Hure, A. J.; MacDonald-Wicks, L.; Smith, R.; Simpson, S. J.; Giles, W. B.; Raubenheimer, D.; Collins, C. E. Dietary balance during pregnancy is associated with fetal adiposity and fat distribution. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012, 96, 1032-1041.
15. Simpson, S. J.; Raubenheimer, D. Obesity: The protein leverage hypothesis. Obes. Rev. 2005, 6, 133-142.
16. Simpson, S. J.; Le Couteur, D. G.; Raubenheimer, D. Putting the balance back in diet. Cell 2015, in press.
17. Hure, A. J.; Collins, C. E.; Giles, W. B.; Wright, I. M. R.; Smith, R. Protocol for the Women and their Children's Health (WATCH) Study: A cohort of pregnancy and beyond. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 22, 267-275.
18. Hure, A. J.; Smith, R.; Collins, C. E. A recruiting failure turned success. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2008, 8, 64, doi: 10. 1186/1472-6963-8-64.
19. Blumfield, M. L.; Hure, A. J.; MacDonald-Wicks, L. K.; Smith, R.; Simpson, S. J.; Raubenheimer, D.; Collins, C. E. The association between the macronutrient content of maternal diet and the adequacy of micronutrients during pregnancy. Nutrients 2012, 4, 1958-1976.
20. Hure, A. J.; Collins, C. E.; Giles, W. B.; Paul, J. W.; Smith, R. Greater maternal weight gain during pregnancy predicts a large but lean phenotype: A prospective cohort study. Matern. Child Health J. 2012, 16, 1374-1384.
21. Hodge, A.; Patterson, A. J.; Brown, W. J.; Ireland, P.; Giles, G. The Anti Cancer Council of Victoria FFQ: Relative validity of nutrient intakes compared with weighed food records in young to middle-aged women in a study of iron supplementation. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health 2000, 24, 576-583.
22. Willett, W. C.; Howe, G. R.; Kushi, L. H. Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 65, 1220S-1228S.
23. WHO; Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age, Weight-for-Length, Weight-for-Height and Body Mass Index-for-Age: Methods and Development; World Health Organisation: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
24. Meltzer, H. M.; Brantsaeter, A. L.; Ydersbond, T. A.; Alexander, J.; Haugen, M. Methodological challenges when monitoring the diet of pregnant women in a large study: Experiences from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Matern. Child Nutr. 2008, 4, 14-27.
25. Pink, B. An introduction to Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas; Australian Bureau of Statistics; Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra, Australia, 2006.
26. Roseboom, T. J.; van der Meulen, J. H.; van Montfrans, G. A.; Ravelli, A. C.; Osmond, C.; Barker, D. J.; Bleker, O. P. Maternal nutrition during gestation and blood pressure in later life. J. Hypertens. 2001, 19, 29-34.
27. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The forth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004, 114, S555-S576.
28. Hodgson, J. M.; Burke, V.; Beilin, L. J.; Puddey, I. B. Partial substitution of carbohydrate intake with protein intake from lean red meat lowers blood pressure in hypertensive persons. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 83, 780-788.
29. Gluckman, P. D.; Hanson, M. A.; Cooper, C.; Thornburg, K. L. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008, 359, 61-73.
30. Hanley, B.; Dijane, J.; Fewtrell, M.; Grynberg, A.; Hummel, S.; Junien, C.; Koletzko, B.; Lewis, S.; Renz, H.; Symonds, M.; et al. Metabolic imprinting, programming and epigenetics-A review of present priorities and future opportunities. Br. J. Nutr. 2010, 104, S1-S25.
31. Baum, M. Role of the kidney in the prenatal and early postnatal programming of hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2010, 298, F235-F247.
32. Van Abeelen, A. F.; Veenendaal, M. V.; Painter, R. C.; de Rooij, S. R.; Thangaratinam, S.; van der Post, J. A.; Bossuyt, P. M.; Elias, S. G.; Uiterwaal, C. S.; Grobbee, D. E.; et al. The fetal origins of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence from animal experiments of maternal undernutrition. J. Hypertens. 2012, 30, 2255-2267.
33. Blumfield, M. L.; Collins, C. E. High-protein diets during pregnancy: Healthful or harmful for offspring. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2014, 100, 993-995.
34. Khandelwal, S.; Kelly, L.; Malik, R.; Prabhakaran, D.; Reddy, S. Impact of omega-6 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: A review. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2013, 2, 325-336.
35. Miura, K.; Stamler, J.; Nakagawa, H.; Elliott, P.; Ueshima, H.; Chan, Q.; Brown, I. J.; Tzoulaki, I.; Saitoh, S.; Dyer, A. R.; et al. Relationship of dietary linoleic acid to blood pressure. Hypertension 2008, 52, 408-414.
36. Harris, W. S.; Mozaffarian, D.; Rimm, E.; Kris-Etherton, P.; Rudel, L. R.; Appel, L. J.; Engler, M. M.; Engler, M. B.; Sacks, F. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: A science advisory from the American heart association nutrition subcommittee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism; council on cardiovascular nursing; and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation 2009, 119, 902-907.
37. Ramsden, C. E.; Zamora, D.; Leelarthaepin, B.; Majchrzak-Hong, S. F.; Faurot, K. R.; Suchindran, C. M.; Ringel, A.; Davis, J. M.; Hibbeln, J. R. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: Evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ 2013, 346, e8707, doi: 10. 1136/bmj. e8707.
38. Frostegard, J.; Wu, R.; Lemne, C.; Thulin, T.; Witztum, J. L.; de Faire, U. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein is increased in hypertension. Clin. Sci. (Lond) 2003, 105, 615-620.
39. Qiu, C.; Phung, T.; Vadachkoria, S.; Muy-Rivera, M.; Sanchez, S. E.; Williams, M. A. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Oxidized LDL) and the risk of preeclampsia. Physiol. Res. 2006, 55, 491.
40. Hure, A.; Young, A.; Smith, R.; Collins, C. Diet and pregnancy status in Australian women. Public Health Nutr. 2009, 12, 853-861.
41. Barker, M. E.; Shiell, A. W.; Law, C. M. Evaluation of the Dinamap 8100 and Omron M1 blood pressure monitors for use in children. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 2000, 14, 179-186.