Contribution of air conditioning adoption to future energy use under global warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 112, Issue 19, 2015, Pages 5962-5967

  Davis, Lucas W ^a,b   Gertler, Paul J ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Air conditioning; Climate change; Energy demand; Energy efficiency

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE;

AIR CONDITIONING; ARTICLE; BANGLADESH; BRAZIL; CARBON FOOTPRINT; CHINA; CLIMATE; COOLING; ELECTRICITY; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; GREENHOUSE GAS; INCOME; INDIA; INDONESIA; MEXICO; NIGERIA; PAKISTAN; PHILIPPINES; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL MODEL; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; THAILAND; UNITED STATES; VIET NAM;

EID: 84929192745     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423558112     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. US Department of Energy (2014) Residential Energy Consumption Survey. Available at www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/.
2. Euromonitor International (2014) Air Treatment Products in China (Euromonitor International, Shanghai, China).
3. Sivak M (2013) Will air conditioning put a chill on the global energy supply? Am Sci 101(5):330-333.
4. Hausman J (1979) Individual discount rates and the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. Bell J Econ 10(1):33-54.
5. Dubin J, McFadden D (1984) An econometric analysis of residential electric appliance holdings and consumption. Econometrica 52(2):345-362.
6. Deschênes O, Greenstone M (2011) Climate change, mortality, and adaptation: Evidence from annual fluctuations in weather in the U.S. Am Econ J Appl Econ 3(4):152-185.
7. Franco G, Sanstad AH (2008) Climate change and electricity demand in California. Clim Change 87(1):139-151.
8. Auffhammer M, Aroonruengsawat A (2011) Simulating the impacts of climate change, prices and population on California's residential electricity consumption. Clim Change 109(1):191-210.
9. Biddle J (2008) Explaining the spread of residential air conditioning, 1955-1980. Explor Econ Hist 45(4):402-423.
10. Wolfram C, Shelef O, Gertler P (2012) How will energy demand develop in the developing world? J Econ Perspect 26(1):119-138.
11. Auffhammer M, Wolfram C (2014) Powering up China: Income distributions and residential electricity consumption. Am Econ Rev 104(5):575-580.
12. Sailor D, Pavlova A (2003) Air conditioning market saturation and long-term response of residential cooling energy demand to climate change. Energy 28(9):941-951.
13. Isaac M, Van Vuuren D (2009) Modeling global residential sector energy demand for heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. Energy Policy 37(2): 507-521.
14. McNeil M, Letschert V (2010) Modeling diffusion of electrical appliances in the residential sector. Energy Build 42(6):783-790.
15. Auffhammer M (2014) Cooling China: The weather dependence of air conditioner adoption. Frontiers Econ China 9(1):70-84.
16. Deschênes O, Greenstone M (2007) The economic impacts of climate change: evidence from agricultural output and random fluctuations in weather. Am Econ Rev 97(1):354-385.
17. Schlenker W, Roberts MJ (2009) Nonlinear temperature effects indicate severe damages to U.S. crop yields under climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(37):15594-15598.
18. Deschênes O, Greenstone M, Guryan J (2009) Climate change and birth weight. Am Econ Rev 99(2):211-217.
19. Dell M, Jones B, Olken B (2012) Temperature shocks and economic growth: Evidence from the last half century. Am Econ J Macro 4(3):66-95.
20. Barreca A, Clay K, Deschênes O, Greenstone M, Shapiro JD (2013) Adapting to climate change: The remarkable decline in the U.S. temperature-mortality relationship over the 20th century. J Polit Econ, in press.
21. Deryugina T, Hsiang SM (2014) Does the environment still matter? Daily temperature and income in the United States. NBER Working Paper 20750 (National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA).
22. Meier A (1995) Refrigerator energy use in the laboratory and in the field. Energy Build 22(3):233-243.
23. Zivin JG, Neidell M (2014) Temperature and the allocation of time: Implications for climate change. J Labor Econ 32(1):1-26.
24. Rapson D (2014) Durable goods and long-run electricity demand: Evidence from air conditioner purchase behavior. J Environ Econ Manage 68(1):141-160.
25. Auffhammer M, Mansur E (2014) Measuring climatic impacts on energy consumption: A review of the empirical literature. Energy Econ 46:522-530.
26. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, eds Stocker TF et al. (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK).
27. US Department of Energy (2013) International Energy Outlook (US Department of Energy, Washington, DC).
28. Newell RG, Jaffe AB, Stavins RN (1999) The induced innovation hypothesis and energy-saving technological change. Q J Econ 114(3):941-975.
29. Acemoglu D, Linn J (2004) Market size in innovation: Theory and evidence from the pharmaceutical industry. Q J Econ 119(3):1049-1090.
30. Munshi K (2003) Networks in the modern economy: Mexican migrants in the U.S. labor market. Q J Econ 118(2):549-599.
31. Bohra-Mishra P, Oppenheimer M, Hsiang SM (2014) Nonlinear permanent migration response to climatic variations but minimal response to disasters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(27):9780-9785.