Children’s health in a legal framework

Future of Children

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 177-197

  Huntington, Clare ^a   Scott, Elizabeth ^b  

^a FORDHAM UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b The Earth Institute at Columbia University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929158240     PISSN: 10548289     EISSN: 15501558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/foc.2015.0008     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905).
2. Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976); Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U.S. 622 (1979); H.L. v. Matheson, 450 U.S. 398 (1981); Hodgson v. Minnesota, 497 U.S. 417 (1990).
3. Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925).
4. Pierce v. Society of Sisters.
5. Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972).
6. Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S, 158 (1944).
7. DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services, 489 U.S. 189 (1989).
8. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1577 U.N.T.S. 3, preamble (1990), https://treaties. un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201577/v1577.pdf.
9. Ibid., art. 24, 27(3), 28(1).
10. Ibid., art. 19(1).
11. See Elizabeth Scott and Robert Scott, “Parents as Fiduciaries,” Virginia Law Review81 (1995): 2401–76.
12. See Lois Weithorn and S. B. Campbell, “The Competency of Children and Adolescents to Make Informed Treatment Decisions,” Child Development53 (1982): 1589–99, doi: 10.2307/1130087.
13. Ibid.
14. California Welfare and Institutions Code Section 300(b).
15. Administration on Children, Youth and Families, U.S. Department Health and Human Services, Child Maltreatment 2012 (2013): 20–1, Appendix D, Exhibit 3-E, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/cm2012.pdf.
16. Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197 U.S. 11 (1905).
17. See Caroline Fraser, “Suffering Children and the Christian Science Church,” The Atlantic(April 1995): 53–9; see also In re Sampson, 317 N.Y.S.2d 641 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1970) (case involving Jehovah’s Witness parents who refused blood transfusions for their children).
18. For a discussion of these statutes, see “Faith Healing and the Law”, Pew Research Center, Religion and Public Life Project, August 31, 2009, www.pewforum.org/2009/08/31/faith-healing-and-the-law.
19. Hermanson v. State, 604 So.2d. 775 (Fla. 1992).
20. Newmark v. Williams, 588 A.2d. 1108 (Del. 1991).
21. In re Sampson 317 N.Y.S2d 641 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1970).
22. See Newmark v. Williams.
23. James Dwyer, “Parent’s Religion and Children’s Welfare: Debunking the Doctrine of Parents’ Rights,” California Law Review82 (1994): 1371–1432.
24. Lynn A. Karoly, M. Rebecca Kilburn, and Jill S. Cannon, Early Childhood Interventions: Proven Results, Future Promise(Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2005).
25. Sarah Fass, Paid Leave in the States: A Critical Support for Low-Wage Workers and Their Families, National Center for Children in Poverty, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, March 2009, 3.
26. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 2601–2654 (2006).
27. National Center for Children in Poverty, Oklahoma Early Childhood Profile (New York: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University), http://www.nccp.org/profiles/pdf/profile_early_childhood_OK.pdf;
28. National Center for Children in Poverty, Alabama Early Childhood Profile (New York: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University), http://www.nccp.org/profiles/pdf/profile_early_childhood_AL.pdf.
29. “States and Local Governments with Earned Income Tax Credits,” Internal Revenue Service, last modified April 24, 2014, http://www.irs.gov/Individuals/States-and-Local-Governments-with-Earned-Income-Tax-Credit.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. See Child Welfare Information Gateway, U.S. Department Health and Human Services, How the Child Welfare System Works (2013), https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/cpswork.pdf, 1.
33. See Jane Waldfogel, The Future of Child Protection: How to Break the Cycle of Abuse and Neglect (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 124–5;
34. Children’s Bureau, Child Maltreatment 2012 (Washington: U.S. Department Health and Human Services, 2013), http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/cm2012.pdf,20.
35. See Lawrence M. Berger and Sarah A. Font, “The Role of the Family and Family-Centered Programs and Policies,” Future of Children25, no. 1 (2015): 155–76.
36. See Khiara M. Bridges, “Towards a Theory of State Visibility: Race, Poverty, and Equal Protection,” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law19 (2010): 965, 971–8.
37. See Alastair Bissett-Johnson and Pamela Ferguson, “Consent to Medical Treatment by Older Children in English and Scottish Law,” Journal of Contemporary Health Law Policy 12 (1996): 449–73;
38. Walter Wadlington, “Minors and Health Care: The Age of Medical Consent,” Osgoode Hall Law Journal11 (1973): 115–25.
39. Wadlington, “Minors and Health Care”; Bonner v. Moran, 126 F.2d 121 (Federal Circuit 1941).
40. Doriane Lambelet Coleman and Phillip M. Rosoff, “The Legal Authority of Mature Minors to Consent to General Medical Treatment,” Pediatrics131 (2013): 786–93, doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-2470.
41. Elizabeth Scott, “The Legal Construction of Adolescence,” Hofstra Law Review29 (2000): 547–98.
42. James Morrissey, “Deinstitutionalizing the Mentally Ill: Processes, Outcomes, and New Directions,” in Deviance and Mental Illness, ed. Walter R. Gove (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1982).
43. Parham v. J.R., 442 U.S. 584 (1979).
44. Virginia Code Annotated, Psychiatric Treatment of Minors Act, Section 16.1-338 (2013).
45. Brown v. Hot, Sexy and Safer Productions, 68 F 3d 525 (1st Cir 1995).
46. Sara McLanahan and Christine Percheski, “Family Structure and the Reproduction of Inequalities,” Annual Review of Sociology34 (2008): 257–76, doi: 10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134549;
47. Sara S. McLanahan and Irwin Garfinkel, “Fragile Families: Debates, Facts, and Solutions,” in Marriage at the Crossroads: Law, Policy, and the Brave New World of Twenty-First-Century Families, ed. Marsha Garrison and Elizabeth Scott (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012): 142–69.
48. Parents United for Better Schools, Inc. v. Philadelphia Board of Education, 148 F3d. 260 (3rd Cir. 1998).
49. Kathryn Kost and Stanley Henshaw, U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions 2008: National Trends by Age, Race, and Ethnicity (New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2012), 2, http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends08.pdf;
50. Melissa S. Kearney and Phillip B. Levine, “Why Is the Teen Birth Rate in the United States So High and Why Does It Matter?” Journal of Economic Perspectives26, no. 2 (2012): 141–66, doi: 10.1257/jep.26.2.141.
51. Kost and Henshaw, U.S. Teenage Pregnancies.
52. Jacobson v. Massachusetts.
53. Bellotti v. Baird.
54. Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth.
55. H.L. v. Matheson; Hodgson v. Minnesota (requiring notification of both parents in divorced families).
56. See Kost and Henshaw, U.S. Teenage Pregnancies.
57. Carol Sanger, “Decisional Dignity: Teenage Abortion, By-Pass Hearings and the Misuse of Law,” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law18 (2009): 409–99.
58. Bellotti v. Baird.
59. Robert H. Mnookin, “Bellotti v. Baird: A Hard Case,” in In the Interest of Children: Advocacy, Law Reform, and Public Policy, ed. Robert H. Mnookin (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), 149–264.
60. In re Jane Doe, 566 N.E.2d 1181 (Ohio 1991) (upholding a decision that a young woman lacked “maturity” because she became pregnant twice with two different men); H.B. v. Wilkinson, 639 F.Supp. 952 (District of Utah 1986) (finding a 17-year-old who was a good student to be immature because she lived at home, was financially dependent on her parents, sought counsel from friends rather than family members or church officials, did not believe marriage was an option in response to her pregnancy, and had sex several times without using contraceptives).
61. See Mnookin, “Bellotti v. Baird.”
62. Sanger, “Decisional Dignity.”
63. Ibid.
64. Laurence Steinberg, He Len Chung, and Michelle Little, “Reentry of Young Offenders from the Justice System: A Developmental Perspective,” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice2 (2004): 21–38, doi: 10.1177/1541204003260045;
65. see also Elizabeth Scott and Laurence Steinberg, Rethinking Juvenile Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).
66. Scott and Steinberg, Rethinking; John DiIullio, “The Coming of the Superpredator,” Weekly Standard, November 27, 1995 (coining the term).
67. Elizabeth S. Scott, “Miller v. Alabama and the (Past and) Future of Juvenile Crime Regulation,” Minnesota Journal of Law and Inequality31 (2013): 535–58.
68. Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice, Charting a New Course: A Blueprint for Transforming Juvenile Justice in New York State(New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2009).
69. Julie Bosnan, “City Signals Intent to Put Fewer Teenagers in Jail,” New York Times, January 21, 2010.
70. National Research Council, Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach, ed. Richard J. Bonnie et al. (Washington: National Academies Press, 2013).
71. Scott and Steinberg, Rethinking.
72. Steve Aos et al., The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime (Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2001), 2, www://wsipp.wa.gov/ReportFile/756; Scott and Steinberg, Rethinking.
73. Edmund Mulvey, Carol Schubert, and Laurie Chassin, “Substance Use and Delinquent Behavior Among Serious Adolescent Offenders,” Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Juvenile Justice Bulletin, December 2010;
74. Laurie Chassin et al., “Substance Use Treatment Outcomes in a Sample of Male Serious Juvenile Offenders,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment36 (2009): 183–94, doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.001.
75. Thomas Grisso et al., “Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument for Mental Health Needs of Juvenile Justice Youths,” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry40 (2001): 541–8.
76. Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. 48 (2010); Miller v. Alabama, 132 S.Ct. 2011 (2012).