Staying in the Moment and Finding Purpose: The Associations of Trait Mindfulness, Decentering, and Purpose in Life with Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Alcohol-Related Problems

Mindfulness

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 645-653

  Pearson, Matthew R ^a   Brown, David B ^a   Bravo, Adrian J ^b   Witkiewitz, Katie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^b OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcohol related problems; Anxiety; College students; Decentering; Depression; Mindfulness; Purpose in life

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929148093     PISSN: 18688527     EISSN: 18688535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-014-0300-8     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Baer, R. A. (Ed.). (2010). Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients. Oakland: New Harbinger.
2. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504.
3. Bodhi, B. (2011). What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective. Contemporary Buddhism, 12, 19–39. doi:10.1080/14639947.2011.564813.
4. Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S. E., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., & Marlatt, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention use disorders: A pilot efficacy trial. Substance Abuse, 30, 295–305. doi:10.1080/08897070903250084.
5. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.
6. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 242–248. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph078.
7. Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1, 177–182. doi:10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4.
8. Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., Lykins, B., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 613–626. doi:10.1002/jclp.20579.
9. Dekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008). Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1235–1245. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.018.
10. Ekholm, E. (2004). Influence of the recall period on self-reported alcohol intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58, 60–63.
11. Feldman, G., Greeson, J., & Senville, J. (2010). Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1002–1011. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.006.
12. Fernandez, A. C., Wood, M. D., Stein, L. A. R., & Rossi, J. S. (2010). Measuring mindfulness and examining its relationship with alcohol use and negative consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 608–616. doi:10.1037/a0021742.
13. Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., Van Dulmen, M. H. M., Segal, Z. V., Ma, S. H., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: Validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 38, 234–246. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003.
14. Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18, 233–239. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x.
15. Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. D., & Fulton, P. R. (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. New York: Guilford.
16. Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 169–183. doi:10.1037/a0018555.
17. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
18. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: User’s guide. Chicago: Scientific Software.
19. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47. doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3.
20. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Books.
21. Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Read, J. P. (2005). Toward efficient and comprehensive measurement of the alcohol problems continuum in college students: The brief young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 1180–1189. doi:10.1097/01.ALC.0000171940.95813.A5.
22. Kazdin, A. E., & Nock, M. K. (2003). Delineating mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy: Methodological issues and research recommendations. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 1116–1129. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00195.
23. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
24. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151–173. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1.
25. Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn state worry questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6.
26. Murphy, C., & MacKillop, J. (2012). Living in the here and now: Interrelationships between impulsivity, mindfulness, and alcohol misuse. Psychopharmacology, 219, 527–536. doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2573-0.
27. Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide, 7th edn. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
28. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple meditation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553.
29. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.
30. Raes, F., Dewulf, D., Van Heeringen, C., & Williams, J. M. G. (2009). Mindfulness and reduced cognitive reactivity to sad mood: Evidence from a correlational study and a non-randomized waiting listing controlled study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 623–627. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.03.007.
31. Scheier, M. F., Wrosch, C., Baum, A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Matthews, K. A., & Zdaniuk, B. (2006). The life engagement test: Assessing purpose in life. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 291–298. doi:10.1007/s10865-005-9044-1.
32. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford.
33. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 373–386. doi:10.1002/jclp.20237.
34. Van Dam, N. T., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Validation of the center of epidemiologic studies depression scale-revised (CESD-R): Pragmatic depression assessment in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 186, 128–132. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.018.
35. Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 374–385. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008.
36. Witkiewitz, K., Bowen, S., Douglas, H., & Hsu, S. H. (2013). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for substance craving. Addictive Behaviors, 38, 1563–1571. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.001.