Blunt-force trauma: Bruises

Cutaneous Manifestations of Child Abuse and Their Differential Diagnosis: Blunt Force Trauma

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 63-103

  Bilo, Robert A C ^a   Oranje, Arnold P ^b   Shwayder, Tor ^c   Hobbs, Christopher J ^d  

^a NETHERLANDS FORENSIC INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

^b SOPHIA CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^c HENRY FORD HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d ST JAMES S UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84929035799     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29287-3_3     Document Type: Chapter

References (89)

1. Bariciak ED, Plint AC, Gaboury I et al (2003) Dating of bruises in children: an assessment of physician accuracy. Pediatrics 112(4): 804-807
2. Becker S, Schneider W, Kreuz W et al (1999) Post-trauma coagulation and fibrinolysis in children suffering from severe cerebro-cranial trauma. Eur J Pediatr 158(SUPPL. 3):S197-S202
3. Brenner JC (2004) Forensic science, an illustrated dictionary. CRC Press, Boca Raton
4. Busuttil A (2004) Wonden en verwondingen. In: Cohen BAJ, Holtslag H, Smitshuijzen RPh (eds) Forensische geneeskunde, raakvlakken tussen geneeskunst, gezondheidszorg en recht. Van Gorcum, Assen, pp 247-268
5. Busuttil A (2009) Chapter 16. Asphyxial death in children. In: Busuttil A, Keeling JW (eds) Paediatric forensic medicine & pathology. Hodder Arnold, London, pp 329-335
6. Carpenter RF (1999) The prevalence and distribution of bruises in babies. Arch Dis Child 80(4): 363-366
7. Crimescope (2003). http://www.crimescope.com/march%2015/Applications.htm. Accessed on 2010
8. Damm D, White D, Brinker M (1981) Variations of palatal erythema secondary to fellatio. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 52(4): 417-421
9. David TJ (2004) Avoidable pitfalls when writing medical reports for court proceedings in cases of suspected child abuse. Arch Dis Child 89(9): 799-804
10. David TJ (2005) Child abuse and paediatrics. J R Soc Med 98(5): 229-231
11. Davis HW, Carrasco MM (2002) Child abuse and neglect. In: Zitelli BJ, Davis HW (eds) Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis. Mosby, St Louis, pp 153-222
12. DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (2001a) Chapter 2. Timing of death. In: DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (eds) Forensic pathology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 21-41
13. DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (2001b) Chapter 4. Blunt trauma wounds. In: DiMaio VJ, DiMaio D (eds) Forensic pathology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 91-116
14. Dimaio VJ, Dimaio D (2001c) Chapter 8. Asphyxia. In: Dimaio VJ, Dimaio D (eds) Forensic pathology, 2nd edn. CRC, Boca Raton, pp 229-277
15. Downes AJ, Crossland DS, Mellon AF (2002) Prevalence and distribution of petechiae in well babies. Arch Dis Child 86(4): 291-292
16. Ellis PSJ (1997) The pathology of fatal child abuse. Pathology 29(2): 113-121
17. Ely SF, Hirsch CS (2000) Asphyxial deaths and petechiae: a review. J Forensic Sci 45(6): 1274-1277
18. Feldman KW (1992) Patterned abusive bruises of the buttocks and the pinnae. Pediatrics 90(4): 633-636
19. Gavin L, Lanz M, Leung D (1997) Chronic subungual hematomas: a presumed immunologic puzzle resolved with a diagnosis of child abuse. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 151(1): 103-104
20. Gilbert-Barnes E, Debich-Spicer DE (2005) Chapter 20. Pediatric forensic pathology. In: Gilbert-Barnes E, Debich-Spicer DE (eds) Handbook of pediatric forensic pathology. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 471-498
21. Glasgow JFT, Graham HK (1997) Chapter 4. Bruising and abrasions. In: Glasgow JFT, Graham HK (eds) Management of injuries in children. BMJ Publishing Group, London, pp 89-112
22. Griest KJ (2010) Timing of death and injuries in infants and young children. In: Griest KJ (ed) Pediatric homicide, medical investigation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 197-228
23. Griest KJ, Zumwalt RE (1989) Child abuse by drowning. Pediatrics 83(1): 41-46
24. Hammond H (2009) Chapter 1. Clinical assessment in suspected child abuse cases. In: Busutill A, Keeling JW (eds) Paediatric forensic medicine & pathology. Hodder Arnold, London, pp 1-23
25. Harris TL, Flaherty EG (2011) Chapter 29. Bruises and skin lesions. In: Jenny C (ed) Child abuse and neglect - diagnosis, treatment and evidence. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, pp 239-251
26. Herrmann B, Dettmeyer R, Banaschak S et al (2008) Kapitel 4. Hautbefunde. In: Herrmann B, Dettmeyer R, Banaschak S et al (eds) Kindesmisshandlung, Medizinische Diagnostik, Intervention und rechtliche Grundlagen. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 51-71
27. Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (1999a) Chapter 4. Physical abuse. In: Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (eds) Child abuse and neglect - a clinician's handbook, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 63-104
28. Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (1999b) Chapter 9. Clinical aspects of sexual abuse. In: Hobbs CJ, Hanks HGI, Wynne JM (eds) Child abuse and neglect - a clinician's handbook, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 191-272
29. Hymel KP, Abshire TC, Luckey DW, Jenny C (1997) Coagulopathy in pediatric abusive head trauma. Pediatrics 99(3): 371-375
30. Jain V, Ray M, Singhi S (2001) Strangulation injury, a fatal form of child abuse. Indian J Pediatr 68(6): 571-572
31. Jenny C, Reece RM (2009) Cutaneous manifestations of child abuse. In: Reece RM, Christian CW (eds) Child abuse, medical diagnosis and management, 3rd edn. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, pp 18-51
32. Johnson CF (1996) Physical abuse: accidental versus intentional trauma in children. In: In the APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, pp 206-226
33. Johnson CF, Showers J (1985) Injury variables in child abuse. Child Abuse Negl 9(2): 207-215
34. Kaplan JM (1986) Pseudoabuse - the misdiagnosis of child abuse. J Forensic Sci 31(4): 1420-1428
35. Kellogg N (2005) American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry - clinical report: oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. Pediatrics 116(6): 1565-1568
36. Knottenbelt JD (1994) Traumatic rhabdomyolysis from severe beating-experience of volume diuresis in 200 patients. J Trauma 37(2): 214-219
37. Kornberg AE (1992) Skin and soft tissue injuries. In: Ludwig S, Kornberg AE (eds) Child abuse - a medical reference, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 91-104
38. Kos L, Shwayder T (2006) Cutaneous manifestations of child abuse. Pediatr Dermatol 23(4): 311-320
39. Kuban K, Winston K, Bresnan M (1983) Childhood subgaleal hematoma following minor head trauma. Am J Dis Child 137(7): 637-640
40. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N et al (2007) Robbins basic pathology, 8th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, p 86
41. Langlois NEI, Gresham GA (1991) The ageing of bruises: a review and study of the colour changes with time. Forensic Sci Int 50(2): 227-238
42. Lee ACW (2008) Bruises, blood coagulation tests and the battered child syndrome. Singapore Med J 49(6): 445-450
43. Leung A, Robson L (1987) Myoglobinuria from child abuse. Urology 29(1): 45-46
44. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J et al (2005a) Can you review bruises accurately in children? Arch Dis Child 90(2): 187-189
45. Maguire S, Mann MK, Sibert J et al (2005b) Are there patterns of bruising in childhood which are diagnostic or suggestive of abuse? A systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90(2): 182-186
46. Merck Manuals Online Medical Library (2007) Blunt injuries to the eye. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/injuries-to-the-eye/blunt-injuries-to-the-eye.html. Accessed on 2010
47. Minford AMB, Richards EM (2010) Excluding medical and haematological conditions as a cause of bruising in suspected non-accidental injury. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 95(1): 2-8
48. Mukherji SK, Siegel MJ (1987) Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure in child abuse. Am J Roentgenol 148(6): 1203-1204
49. Munang LA, Leonard PA, Mok JY (2002) Lack of agreement on colour description between clinicians examining childhood bruising. J Clin Forensic Med 9(4): 171-174
50. Nathanson M (2006) Chapter 11. The physically and emotionally abused child: In Mason JK, Purdue BN. The Pathology of Trauma, 3rd edn. Arnold, London, pp 155-175
51. Nayak K, Spencer N, Shenoy M et al (2006) How useful is the presence of petechiae in distinguishing nonaccidental from accidental injury? Child Abuse Negl 30(5): 549-555
52. Newson J, Newson E (1986) Findings on use of physical punishment on 1,4,7 and 11 year old children, together with some sequelae in later life. Child Development Research Unit. University of Nottingham, Nottingham (cited from Hobbs, 1999)
53. Pascoe JM, Hildebrandt HM, Tarrier A et al (1979) Patterns of skin injury in nonaccidental and accidental injury. Pediatrics 64(2): 245-247
54. Payne-James J (2003) Chapter 36. Assault and injury in the living. In: Payne-James J, Busuttil A, Smock W (eds) Forensic medicine: clinical and pathological aspects. Greenwich Medical Media Ltd, San Francisco, pp 543-564
55. Pediatric Care Online (2009). http://www.pediatriccare-online.org/pco/ub/view/Point-of-Care-Quick-Reference/397100/1.2/Petechiae-and-Purpura. Accessed on 2011
56. Peebles J, Losek JD (2007) Child physical abuse and rhabdomyolysis: case report and literature review. Pediatr Emerg Care 23(7): 474-477
57. Plattner T, Bolliger S, Zollinger U (2005) Forensic assessment of survived strangulation. Forensic Sci Int 153(2): 202-207
58. Purdue BN (2000) Chapter 15. Asphyxial and related death. In: Mason JK, Purdue BN (eds) The pathology of trauma, 3rd edn. Arnold, London, pp 230-252
59. Raimer BG, Raimer SS, Hebeler JR (1981) Cutaneous signs of child abuse. J Am Acad Dermatol 5(2): 203-214
60. RCPCH (Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) (2008a) The physical signs of child sexual abuse - an evidence-based review and guidance for best practice. RCPCH, London, pp 14-89
61. RCPCH (Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health) (2008b) The physical signs of child sexual abuse - an evidence-based review and guidance for best practice. RCPCH, London, pp 153-157
62. Reece RM, Grodin MA (1985) Recognition of nonacci-dental injury. Pediatr Clin North Am 32(1): 41-60
63. Robertson I (1957) Antemortem and postmortem bruises of the skin: their differentiation. J Forensic Med 4: 2-10
64. Robinson S (2000) Chapter 10. The examination of the adult victim of assault. In: Mason JK, Purdue BN (eds) The pathology of trauma, 3rd edn. Arnold, London, pp 140-154
65. Rosenberg HK, Gefter WB, Lebowitz RL et al (1983) Prolonged dense nephrograms in battered children. Suspect rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Urology 21(3): 325-330
66. Roy D, Al Saleem BM, Al Ibrahim A et al (1999) Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a case of child abuse. Ann Saudi Med 19(3): 248-250
67. Saukko P, Knight B (2004a) Chapter 4. The pathology of wounds. In: Saukko P, Knight B (eds) Knight's Forensic pathology, 3rd edn. Arnold Publications, London, pp 136-173
68. Saukko P, Knight B (2004b) Chapter 14. Suffocation and 'asphyxia'. In: Saukko P, Knight B (eds) Knight's forensic pathology, 3rd edn. Arnold, London, pp 352-367
69. Saukko P, Knight B (2004c) Chapter 26. Forensic dentistry for the pathologist. In: Saukko P, Knight B (eds) Knight's forensic pathology, 3rd edn. Arnold Publications, London, pp 527-540
70. Schmitt BD (1987) The child with nonaccidental trauma. In: Helfer RE, Kempe RS (eds) The battered child, 4th edn. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 178-196
71. Schwartz AJ, Ricci LR (1996) How accurately can bruises be aged in abused children? Literature review and synthesis. Pediatrics 97(2): 254-257
72. Schwengel D, Ludwig S (1985) Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria as manifestations of child abuse. Pediatr Emerg Care 1(4): 194-197
73. Simpson CK (1979) Forensic medicine, 8th edn. Edward Arnold, London
74. Somers GR, Chiasson DA, Taylor GP (2008) Presence of periorbital and conjunctival petechial hemorrhages in accidental pediatric drowning. Forensic Sci Int 175(2-3): 198-201
75. Speight N (1997) Non-accidental injury. In: Meadow R (ed) ABC of child abuse, 3rd edn. BMJ Publishing Group, London, pp 5-8
76. Stephenson T, Bialas Y (1996) Estimation of the age of bruising. Arch Dis Child 74(1): 53-55
77. Sugar NF, Taylor JA, Feldman KW (1999) Bruises in infants and toddlers: those who don't cruise rarely bruise. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 153(4): 399-403
78. Sussman SJ (1968) The battered child syndrome. Calif Med 108(6): 437-439
79. Tardieu (1870) Etude medico-legale sur la pendaison, la strangulation, et la suffocation. Bailliere et ils. Paris
80. Thomas AE (2004) The bleeding child: is it NAI? Arch Dis Child 89(12): 1163-1167
81. Tsokos M (2005) Postmortem changes and artifacts occurring during the early postmortem interval. In: Tsokos M (ed) Pathology reviews, vol 3. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 183-238
82. Vanezis P (1997) Ageing of bruises by colour photometry. Lecture at the autumn symposium of the association of police surgeons (quoted from Robinson 2000)
83. Vogeley E, Pierce MC, Bertocci G (2002) Experience with Wood lamp illumination and digital photography in the documentation of bruises on human skin. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156: 265-268
84. Vu TT, Guerrera MF, Hamburger EK (2004) Subgaleal hematoma from hair braiding: case report and literature review. Pediatr Emerg Care 20(12): 821-823
85. Watson AA (1990) Letsels en verwondingen. Uit Cohen BAJ, Leliefeld HJ (eds) Inleiding tot de Forensische geneeskunde, 2 e druk. Kerckebosch BV Zeist, pp 279-96
86. Wheeler DM, Hobbs CJ (1988) Mistakes in diagnosing non-accidental injury, 10 years' experience. Br Med J 296(6631): 1233-1236
87. Wilson EF (1977) Estimation of the age of cutaneous contusions in child abuse. Pediatrics 60(5): 750-752
88. Wynne J (2003) Chapter 30. The physical and emotional abuse of children. In: Payne-James J, Busuttil A, Smock W (eds) Forensic medicine, clinical and pathological aspects. Greenwich Medical Media Ltd, San Francisco, pp 469-485
89. Yamamoto K, Hayase T, Yamamoto Y et al (2000) Application of the term 'Tardieu's Spots' to postmortem developed petechiae. A literature survey. Res Pract Forensic Med 43: 386-392