Methodologically sound: Evaluating the psychometric approach to the assessment of human life history [Reply to Copping, Campbell, and Muncer, 2014]

Evolutionary Psychology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 299-338

  Figueredo, Aurelio José ^a   de Baca, Tomás Cabeza ^b   Black, Candace Jasmine ^a   García, Rafael Antonio ^a   Fernandes, Heitor Barcellos Ferreira ^c   Wolf, Pedro Sofio Abril ^d   Woodley of Menie, Michael Anthony ^e  

^a The University of Arizona   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^e VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Biometrics; Brunswik symmetry; Demography; Evolutionary psychology; Life history strategy; Methodology; Psychometrics

Indexed keywords

BIOMETRY; DEMOGRAPHY; EMPIRICAL RESEARCH; HUMAN; LIFE HISTORY; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOMETRY; SCIENTIST; SOUND; THEORETICAL MODEL; VALIDITY; BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; LIFE EVENT; PROCEDURES;

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; BIOMETRY; HUMANS; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; PSYCHOMETRICS;

EID: 84928989629     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14747049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (142)

1. Abed, R., Mehta, S., Figueredo, A. J., Aldridge S., Balson, H., Meyer, C., and Palmer, R. (2012). Eating disorders and intrasexual competition: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis among young women. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, Article ID 290813, 1-8. doi:10.1100/2012/290813.
2. Alexander, R. D. (1990a). How did humans evolve? Reflections on the uniquely unique species. Museum of Zoology (Special Publication No. 1). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan.
3. Alexander, R. D. (1990b). Epigenetic rules and Darwinian algorithms: The adaptive study of learning and development. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11, 1-63.
4. Alexander, C. S., Somerfield, M. R., Ensminger, M. E., Johnson, K. E., and Kim, Y. J. (1993). Consistency of adolescents' self-report of sexual behavior in a longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 455-471.
5. Belsky, J. (1997). Variation in susceptibility to environmental influence: An evolutionary argument. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 182-186.
6. Belsky, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., and Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007). For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 300-304.
7. Belsky, J., Schlomer, G. L., and Ellis, B. J. (2012). Beyond cumulative risk: Distinguishing harshness and unpredictability as determinants of parenting and early life history strategy. Developmental Psychology, 48, 662-673.
8. Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., and Draper, P. (1991). Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary theory of socialization. Child development, 62, 647-670.
9. Bielby, J., Mace, G. M., Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P., Cardillo, M., Gittleman, J. L., Jones, K. E., Purvis, A. (2007). The fast-slow continuum in mammalian life history: An empirical reevaluation. The American Naturalist, 169, 748-757.
10. Biro, P. A., and Stamps, J. A. (2008). Are animal personality traits linked to life-history productivity? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 23, 361-368.
11. Black, C. J., and Gable, J. C. (in preparation). The Developmental Markers Questionnaire.
12. Black, C. J., and Gable, J. C. (2012). Early Environment Questionnaire. Retrieved from http://www.u.arizona.edu/~cjblack/EEQ.html
13. Black, C. J., and Cabeza de Baca, T. (in preparation). Using early life experiences to compare developmental and psychometric measures of life history.
14. Böhnin-Gaese, K., Schuda, M. D., and Helbig, A. J. (2003). Weak phylogenetic effects on ecological niches of Sylvia warblers. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 16, 956-965.
15. Bouchard, T. J. (1997). Experience producing drive theory: How genes drive experience and shape personality. Acta Paediatrica, 86, 60-64.
16. th ed.) (pp. 793-828). New York: John Wiley.
17. Brumbach, B. H., Figueredo, A. J., and Ellis, B. J. (2009). Effects of harsh and unpredictable environments in adolescence on development of life history strategies: A longitudinal test of an evolutionary model. Human Nature, 20, 25-51.
18. Brumbach, B. H., Walsh, M., and Figueredo, A. J. (2007). Sexual restrictedness in adolescence: A life history perspective. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39, 481-488.
19. Brunswik, E. (1952). The conceptual framework of psychology (International encyclopedia of unified science, Volume 1, Number 10). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
20. Buunk, A. P., and Hoben, A. D. (2013). A slow life history is related to a negative attitude towards cousin marriage: A study in three ethnic groups in Mexico. Evolutionary Psychology, 11, 442-458.
21. Buunk, A. P, Pollet, T. V., Klavina, L., Figueredo, A. J., and Dijkstra, P. (2009). Height among women is curvilinearly related to life history strategy. Evolutionary Psychology, 7, 545-559.
22. Cabeza de Baca, T., Figueredo, A. J., and Ellis, B. J. (2012). An evolutionary analysis of variation in parental effort: Determinants and assessment. Parenting: Science and Practice, Special Issue: The Arc of Parenting from Epigenomes to Ethics, 12, 94-104.
23. Cabeza de Baca, T., Sotomayor-Peterson, M., Smith-Castro, V., and Figueredo, A. J. (2014). Contributions of matrilineal and patrilineal kin alloparental effort to the development of life history strategies and patriarchal values: A cross-cultural life history approach. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 45, 534-554.
24. Campbell, D. T. (1959). Blind variation and selective survival as a general strategy in knowledge-processes. Self-Organizing Systems, 205-231.
25. Charnov, E. L. (1993). Life history invariants: Some explorations of symmetry in evolutionary ecology (Vol. 6). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Clacey, K., Edmunds, C., and Wolf, P. S. A. (2013, March). Sleep, physical activity, affect, and life history strategy: A multi-measure, multi-predictor approach. Presented at the First World Conference on Personality, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
27. Clark, G. (2008). A farewell to Alms: A brief economic history of the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
28. Copping, L. T., Campbell, A., and Muncer, S. (2014). Psychometrics and life history strategy: The structure and validity of the high K strategy scale. Evolutionary Psychology, 12, 200-222.
29. Cronbach, L. J., and Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281.
30. Crosby, A. W. (2004). Ecological imperialism: The biological expansion of Europe, 900-1900. London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
31. Darwin, C. (1859). On the origins of species by means of natural selection. London: Murray.
32. Del Giudice, M. (2009). Sex, attachment, and the development of reproductive strategies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 1-21.
33. Del Giudice, M. (2014). A tower unto heaven: Response to commentaries on "An evolutionary life history framework for psychopathology." Psychological Inquiry, 25, 394-413.
34. Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., and Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1562-1592.
35. Del Giudice, M., Hinnant, J. B., Ellis, B. J., and El-Sheikh, M. (2012). Adaptive patterns of stress responsivity: A preliminary investigation. Developmental Psychology, 48, 775-790.
36. Dingle, H., and Hegmann, J. P. (Eds.). (1982). Evolution and genetics of life histories. New York: Springer.
37. Dobson, F. S., and Oli, M. K. (2007). Fast and slow life histories of rodents. In J. O. Wolff and P. W. Sherman (Eds.), Rodent societies: An ecological and evolutionary perspective (pp. 99-105). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
38. Dunkel, C. S., and Decker, M. (2010). Convergent validity of measures of life-history strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 681-684.
39. Eckert, C. G. (2000). Contributions of autogamy and geitonogamy to self-fertilization in a mass-flowering, clonal plant. Ecology, 81, 532-542.
40. Egan, V., Figueredo, A. J., Wolf, P., McBride, K., Sefcek, J. A., Vásquez, G., and Charles, K. (2005). Sensational interests, mating effort, and personality: Evidence for cross-cultural validity. Journal of Individual Differences, 26, 11-19.
41. Ellis, B. J. (2004). Timing of pubertal maturation in girls: An integrated life history approach. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 920-958.
42. Ellis, B. J., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Fergusson, D. M., John Horwood, L., Pettit, G. S., and Woodward, L. (2003). Does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy? Child development, 74, 801-821.
43. Ellis, B. J., and Essex, M. J. (2007). Family environments, adrenarche, and sexual maturation: A longitudinal test of a life history model. Child Development, 78, 1799-1817.
44. Ellis, B. J., Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., and Schlomer, G. L. (2009). Fundamental dimensions of environmental risk: The impact of harsh versus unpredictable environments on the evolution and development of life history strategies. Human Nature, 20, 204-268.
45. Ellis, B. J., and Garber, J. (2000). Psychosocial antecedents of variation in girls'pubertal timing: Maternal depression, stepfather presence, and marital and family stress. Child Development, 71, 485-501.
46. Ellis, B. J., McFadyen-Ketchum, S., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., and Bates, J. E. (1999). Quality of early family relationships and individual differences in the timing of pubertal maturation in girls: A longitudinal test of an evolutionary model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 387-401.
47. Fernandes, H. B. F., Figueredo, A. J., and Woodley of Menie, M. A. (under review). The integration among primate life history traits varies along the fast-slow continuum: A multi-taxa demonstration.
48. Fernandes, H. B. F., Kruger, D. J., Natividade, J. C., Hutz, C. S., and Kennair, L. E. O. (2012, June). Postcoital negative emotions: Mental disorder or adaptive mechanism? Oral presentation at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Albuquerque, NM.
49. Figueredo, A. J. (2007). The Arizona Life History Battery [Electronic Version]. http://www.u.arizona.edu/~ajf/alhb.html
50. Figueredo, A. J., Andrzejczak, D. J., Jones, D. J., Smith-Castro, V., and Montero-Rojas, E. (2011). Reproductive strategy and ethnic conflict: Slow life history as a protective factor against negative ethnocentrism in two contemporary societies. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 5, 14-31.
51. Figueredo, A. J., Black, C. J., and Scott, A. G. (2013a). Complementary meta-analytic methods for the quantitative review of research: 1. A theoretical overview. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 4, 21-45.
52. Figueredo, A. J., Black, C. J., and Scott, A. G. (2013b). Complementary meta-analytic methods for the quantitative review of research: 2. An extended illustration. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 4, 46-69.
53. Figueredo, A. J., Brumbach, B. H., Jones, D. N., Sefcek, J. A., Vásquez, G., and Jacobs, W. J. (2007). Ecological constraints on mating tactics. In G. Geher and G. F. Miller (Eds.), Mating intelligence: Sex, relationships and the mind's reproductive system (pp. 335-361). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
54. Figueredo, A. J., Cabeza de Baca, T., and Black, C. J. (2014). No matter where you go, there you are: The genetic foundations of temporal stability. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 5, 76-106.
55. Figueredo, A. J., Cabeza de Baca, T., and Woodley, M. A. (2013). The measurement of human life history strategy. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 251-255.
56. Figueredo, A. J., Corral-Verdugo, V., Frías-Armenta, M., Bachar, K. J., White, J., McNeill, P. L., Castell-Ruiz, I.P. (2001). Blood, solidarity, status, and honor: The sexual balance of power and spousal abuse in Sonora, Mexico. Evolution and Human Behavior, 22, 295-328.
57. Figueredo, A. J., Gladden, P. R., and Hohman, Z. (2012). The evolutionary psychology of criminal behavior. In S.C. Roberts, (Ed.), Applied evolutionary psychology (pp. 201-221). New York: Oxford University Press.
58. Figueredo, A. J., Hammond, K. R., and McKiernan, E. C. (2006). A Brunswikian evolutionary developmental theory of preparedness and plasticity. Intelligence, 34, 211-227.
59. Figueredo, A. J., McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., and Sidani, S. (2000). Multivariate modeling of missing data within and across assessment waves. Addiction, 95 (Supplement 3), S361-S380.
60. Figueredo, A. J., and Rushton, J. P. (2009). Evidence for shared genetic dominance between the general factor of personality, mental and physical health, and life history traits. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 12, 555-563.
61. Figueredo, A. J., Tal, I. R., McNeill, P., Guillén, A. (2004). Farmers, herders, and fishers: The ecology of revenge. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25, 336-353.
62. Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., and Schneider, S. M. R. (2004). The heritability of life history strategy: The K-factor, covitality, and personality. Social Biology, 51, 121-143.
63. Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., and Schneider, S. M. R. (2007). The K-factor, covitality, and personality: A psychometric test of life history theory. Human Nature, 18, 47-73.
64. Figueredo, A. J., Vásquez, G., Brumbach, B. H., Schneider, S. M. R., Sefcek, J. A., Tal, I. R., Jacobs, W. J. (2006). Consilience and life history theory: From genes to brain to reproductive strategy. Developmental Review, 26, 243-275.
65. Figueredo, A. J., and Wolf, P. S. A. (2009). Assortative pairing and life history strategy: A cross-cultural study. Human Nature, 20, 317-330.
66. Figueredo, A.J., Wolf, P. S. A., Olderbak, S. G., Gladden, P. R., Fernandes, H. B. F., Wenner, C., Rushton, J. P. (2014). The psychometric assessment of human life history strategy: A meta-analytic construct validation. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 8, 148-185.
67. Figueredo, A. J., Woodley, M. A., Brown, S. D., and Ross, K. C. (2013). Multiple successful tests of the Strategic Differentiation-Integration Effort (SD-IE) hypothesis. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(4), 361.
68. Figueredo, A. J., Woodley of Menie, M. A., and Jacobs, W. J. (in press). The evolutionary psychology of the general factor of personality: A hierarchical life history model. In D. Buss (Ed.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
69. Flere, S., and Lavrič, M. (2008). On the validity of cross-cultural social studies using student samples. Field Methods, 20, 399-412.
70. Flinn, M. V. (2006). Evolution and ontogeny of stress response to social challenges in the human child. Developmental Review, 26, 138-174.
71. Flinn, M. V., Geary, D. C., and Ward, C. V. (2005). Ecological dominance, social competition, and coalitionary arms races: Why humans evolved extraordinary intelligence. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, 10-46.
72. Frías-Armenta, M., Valdez, P., Nava, M. G., Borrani, J., Figueredo, A. J., Contreras, M., Ríos, D. (2005). Funciones ejecutivas y delincuencia juvenil: datos preliminares. In M. Frías-Armenta and V. Corral-Verdugo (Eds.), Niñez, adolescencia, y problemas sociales (pp. 267-278). México: CONACYT-UniSon.
73. Frías-Armenta, M., Valdez-Ramirez, P., Nava-Cruz, M. G., Figueredo, A. J., and Corral-Verdugo, V. (2010). Executive functions, attention and juvenile delinquency. In M. Frias-Armenta and V. Corral-Verdugo (Eds.), Bio-psycho-social perspectives on interpersonal violence (pp. 29-50). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
74. Gaillard, J. M., Yoccoz, N. G., Lebreton, J. D., Bonenfant, C., Devillard, S., Loison, A., Allaine, D. (2005). Generation time: A reliable metric to measure life-history variation among mammalian populations. The American Naturalist, 166, 119-123.
75. Gallup (2009). Gallup-Healthways Well-Being™ Index: Methodology report for indexes. Retrieved from http://wbi.meyouhealth.com/files/GallupHealthwaysWBI-Methodology.pdf
76. Galton, F. (1869). Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences. London: Macmillan.
77. Garcia, R. A., Cabeza de Baca, T., Sotomayor-Peterson, M., Smith-Castro, V., and Figueredo, A. J. (in preparation). Measures of domain-specific resource allocations in life history strategy: Indicators of a latent common factor or ordered developmental sequence?
78. Gaxiola-Romero, J., and Frías-Armenta, M. (2008). Un modelo ecológico de factores protectores del abuso infantil: Un estudio con madres Mexicanas. Medio Ambiente y Comportamiento Humano, 9, 13-21.
79. Giosan, C. (2006). High-K strategy scale: A measure of the high-K independent criterion of fitness. Evolutionary Psychology, 4, 394-405.
80. Gladden, P. R., Figueredo, A. J., Andrejzak, D. J., Jones, D. N., and Smith-Castro, V. (2013). Reproductive strategy and sexual conflict: Slow life history strategy inhibits negative androcentrism. Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences, 4, 48-71.
81. Gladden, P. R., Sisco, M., and Figueredo, A. J. (2008). Sexual coercion and life-history strategy. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 319-326.
82. Griskevicius, V., Delton, A. W., Robertson, T. E., and Tybur, J. M. (2010). Environmental contingency in life history strategies: The influence of mortality and socioeconomic status on reproductive timing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 241-254.
83. Hamilton, D. T., and Morris, M. (2010). Consistency of self-reported sexual behavior in surveys. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 842-860.
84. Harvey, P. H., and Purvis, A. (1999). Understanding the ecological and evolutionary reasons for life history variation: Mammals as a case study. In J. McGlade (Ed.), Advanced ecological theory: Principles and applications (pp. 232-247). Oxford: Blackwell Science.
85. Heany, S., and Wolf, P. S. A. (2013, March). The effects of mortality salience on life history strategy and religiosity: A terror management study with an evolutionary perspective. Presented at The 1st World Conference on Personality, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
86. Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., and Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61-135.
87. Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179-185.
88. Hrdy, S. B. (1999). Mother nature: A History of mothers, infants, and natural selection. New York: Pantheon.
89. Irons, W. (1990). Adaptively relevant environments versus the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. Evolutionary Anthropology, 6, 194-204.
90. Jacobs, W. J., Sisco, M., Hill, D., Malter, F., and Figueredo, A. J. (2012). On the practice of theory-based evaluation: Information, norms, and adherence. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35, 354-369.
91. Jeschke, J. M., and Kokko, H. (2009). The roles of body size and phylogeny in fast and slow life histories. Evolutionary Ecology, 23, 867-878.
92. Johansson, F. (2000). The slow-fast life style characteristics in a suite of six species of odonate larvae. Freshwater Biology, 43, 149-159.
93. Johnson, W., Turkheimer, E., Gottesman, I. I., and Bouchard, T. J. Jr. (2010). Beyond heritability: Twin studies in behavioral research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 217-220.
94. Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., and Czarna, A. Z. (2011). Quick and dirty: Some psychosocial costs associated with dark triad in three countries. Evolutionary Psychology, 11, 172-185.
95. Kamilar, J. M., and Cooper, N. (2013). Phylogenetic signal in primate behaviour, ecology and life history. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368, 20120341.
96. Kaplan, H. S., and Gangestad, S. W. (2005). Life history theory and evolutionary psychology. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 68-95). New York: Wiley.
97. Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
98. Ledesma, R. D., and Valero-Mora, P. (2007). Determining the number of factors to retain in EFA: An easy-to-use computer program for carrying out parallel analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 12, 1-11.
99. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., and Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question and weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151-173.
100. Mayr, E. (1982). The growth of biological thought: Diversity, evolution, and inheritance. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
101. McKnight, P. E., McKnight, K. M., Sidani, S., and Figueredo, A. J. (2007). Missing data: A gentle introduction. New York: Guilford.
102. Meaney, M. J. (2010). Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene×environment interactions. Child development, 81, 41-79.
103. Meston, C. M., Heiman, J. R., Trapnell, P. D., and Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Socially desirable responding and sexuality self-reports. The Journal of Sex Research, 35, 148-157.
104. Must, A., Phillips, S. M., Naumova, E. N., Blum, M., Harris, S., Dawson-Hughes, B., and Rand, W. M. (2002). Recall of early menstrual history and menarcheal body size: After 30 years, how well do women remember? American Journal of Epidemiology, 155, 672-679.
105. rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
106. Oli, M. K. (2004). The fast-slow continuum and mammalian life-history patterns: An empirical evaluation. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5, 449-463.
107. Pennanen, T., Perkiömäki, J., Kiikkilä, O., Vanhala, P., Neuvonen, S., and Fritze, H. (1998). Prolonged, simulated acid rain and heavy metal deposition: Separated and combined effects on forest soil microbial community structure. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 27, 291-300.
108. Petrinovich, L. (1979). Probabilistic functionalism: A conception of research method. American Psychologist, 34, 373-390.
109. Pianka, E. R. (1970). On r- and K-selection. American Naturalist, 104, 592-597.
110. Promislow, D. E., and Harvey, P. H. (1990). Living fast and dying young: A comparative analysis of life-history variation among mammals. Journal of Zoology, 220, 417-437.
111. Read, A. F., and Harvey, P. H. (1989). Life history differences among the eutherian radiations. Journal of Zoology, 219, 329-353.
112. Reznick, D., Bryant, M. J., and Bashey, F. (2002). r-and K-selection revisited: the role of population regulation in life-history evolution. Ecology, 83(6), 1509-1520.
113. Roff, D. A. (2002). Life history evolution, Vol. 7. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
114. Rowe, D. C. (1994). The limits of family influence: Genes, experience, and behavior. Guilford Press.
115. Rushton, J. P. (1985). Differential K theory: The sociobiology of individual and group differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 441-452.
116. Rushton, J. P. (2004). Placing intelligence into an evolutionary framework or how g fits into the r-K matrix of life-history traits including longevity. Intelligence, 32, 321-328.
117. Schulte-Hostedde, A. I., Millar, J. S., and Hickling, G. J. (2001). Evaluating body condition in small mammals. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1021-1029.
118. Sherman, R. A., Figueredo, A. J., and Funder, D. C. (2013). The behavioral correlates of overall and distinctive life history strategy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 873-888.
119. Simpson, J. A., Griskevicius, V., Kuo, S. I., Sung, S., and Collins, W. A. (2012). Evolution, stress, and sensitive periods: The influence of unpredictability in early versus late childhood on sex and risky behavior. Developmental Psychology, 48, 674.
120. Smith, T. W. (1992). Discrepancies between men and women in reporting number of sexual partners: A summary from four countries. Biodemography and Social Biology, 39, 203-211.
121. Sotomayor-Peterson, M., Cabeza de Baca, T., Figueredo, A. J., and Smith-Castro, V. (2013). Shared parenting, parental effort, and life history strategy: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 620-639.
122. Sotomayor-Peterson, M., Figueredo, A. J., Hendrickson-Christensen, D., and Taylor, A. R. (2012). Couples' cultural values, shared parenting, and family emotional climate within Mexican-American families. Family Process, 51, 218-233.
123. Stearns, S. C. (1992). The evolution of life histories, Vol. 248. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
124. Stearns, S. C., and Koella, J. C. (1986). The evolution of phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits: Predictions of reaction norms for age and size at maturity. Evolution, 40, 893-913.
125. Stevens, J. R. (2014). Evolutionary pressures on primate intertemporal choice. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281, 20140499.
126. Sullivan, J. L., and Feldman, S. (1979). Multiple indicators: An introduction. Quantitative applications in the social sciences, no. 07-015. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
127. Swanepoel, T., Thomas, K.G. F., and Wolf, P. S. A. (2013, March). Sexual strategies among young adults in the virtual world. Paper presented at The 1st World Conference on Personality, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
128. Swanepoel, T., Wolf, P. S. A., and Thomas, K. G. F. (2013, July). Life history status predicts the form and success of sexual strategies in college-age men and women. Paper presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Miami, Florida.
129. Swanepoel, T., Wolf, P. S. A., Jacobs, W. J., and Thomas, K. G. F. (under review). Life history status predicts the form and success of sexual strategies in college-age men and women.
130. Tal, I. R., Hill, D., Figueredo, A. J., Frías-Armenta, M., and Corral-Verdugo, V. (2006). An evolutionary approach to explaining water conservation. Medio Ambiente y Comportamiento Humano, 7, 7-27.
131. Taylor, A, West, S., and Aiken, L (2005, August). Effects on power of coarsely categorizing an outcome variable. Presented at the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
132. Tifferet, S., Agrest, S., and Shlomo Benisti, A. (2011). Problem gambling: An outcome of a life history strategy. International Gambling Studies, 11, 253-262.
133. Tooby, J., and Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11, 375-424.
134. Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B. Campbell, (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136-179). London: Heinemann.
135. van der Linden, D., Figueredo, A. J., de Leeuw, R. N. H., Scholte, R. H. J., and Engels, R. C. M. E. (2012). The general factor of personality (GFP) and parental support: Testing a prediction from life history theory. Evolution and Human Behavior, 33, 537-546.
136. van Schaik, C. P., and Isler, K. (2012). Life-history evolution. In J. C. Mitani, J. Call, P. M. Kappeler, R. Palombit, and J. B. Silk (Eds.), The evolution of primate societies (pp. 220-244). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
137. Wemple, S. F. (1981). Women in Frankish society: Marriage and the cloister, 500 to 900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
138. West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003). Developmental plasticity and evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
139. Wolf, P. S. A., Clacey, K., and Edmunds, C. (2013, July). Sleep, physical activity, and life history strategy: A multiple-predictor study. Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Miami, Florida.
140. Wolf, P. S. A., Figueredo, A. J., and Jacobs, W. J. (2013). Global positioning system technology (GPS) for psychological research: A test of convergent and nomological validity. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 315.
141. Woodley, M. A., Figueredo, A. J., Brown, S. D., and Ross, K. C. (2013). Four successful tests of the cognitive differentiation-integration effort hypothesis. Intelligence, 41, 832-842.
142. Woodley of Menie, M. A., and Madison, G. (2015). The association between g and K in a sample of 4246 Swedish twins: A behavior genetic analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 270-274.