The doctrine of command responsibility in international law: With emphasis on liability for failure to punish

Netherlands International Law Review

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 325-347

  Jia, Bing Bing ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928942714     PISSN: 0165070X     EISSN: 17416191     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0165070X00002205     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, Vol. IV (selected and prepared by the United Nations War Crimes Commission, H.M. Stationary Office, London, 1947-1949) Law Reports).
2. Case No. IT-95-14-T, Amended Indictment against Blaskic, 22 November 1996, paras. 5.7 et seq.
3. Defence Motion to Strike Portions of Amended Indictment Alleging 'Failure to Punish' Liability, 4 December 1996.
4. Defence Motion in Limine Regarding Mens Rea Required for Charges alleging Command Responsibility and for Bill of Particulars re Command Responsibility Portions of Indictment, 4 December 1996.
5. Defence Motion to Dismiss the Indictment Based upon defects in the Form of Indictment, 16 December 1996.
6. W. Parks, 'Command Responsibility for War Crimes', 62 Military Law Review (1973) p. 1 at pp. 2-5.
7. The Trial of Captain Wirz (1865)
8. reported in L. Friedman, The Law of War: A Documentary History, Vol. I (New York, Random House 1972) p. 783.
9. Reports of International Arbitral Awards (1965) p. 160
10. Zafiro Claim (1925).
11. A. Roberts and R. Guelff, Documents on the Laws and War, 2nd edn. (Oxford, Oxford University Press 1989) p. 44.
12. Report of the UN Secretary-General pursuant to para. 2 of SC Res. 808 (1993) (S/25704), presented on 3 May 1993, paras. 41-44.
13. Law Reports, Vol. IV, p. 87.
14. Law Reports, Vol. I, pp. 108-109.
15. Law Reports, Vol. IV, pp. 128-129.
16. F. Reel, The Case of General Yamashita (Chicago, The University of Chicago Press 1949) pp. 41, 84-85, 88, 92 and 118-119.
17. Law Reports, Vol. IV, p. 35.
18. The text of the 1929 Convention can be found in League of Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 118, pp. 343-411.
19. Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10 1946-1949, Vol. XI (Washington D.C., US Government Printing Office 1950) pp. 543-544.
20. 'Official Transcript', p. 48 at pp. 442-447
21. reproduced in R.J. Pritchard and S.M. Zaide, eds., The Tokyo War Crimes Trial, Vol. 20 (New York, Garland Publishing Inc. 1981).
22. B.V.A. Röling and C.F. Rüter, The Tokyo Judgment, Vol. I (Amsterdam, APA-University Press Amsterdam BV 1977) pp. 29-31.
23. 'Official Transcript', p. 49 at pp. 845-846.
24. US Department of Army, The Law of Land Warfare (FM 27-10, 1956), para. 501.
25. 'The Peers Inquiry Report', reported in J. Goldstein, B. Marshall and J. Schwartz, eds., The My Lai Massacre and Its Cover-Up: Beyond the Reach of Law? (New York, The Free Press, 1976) pp. 19 et seq., esp. chap. 12, p. 314.
26. United Nations Treaty Series (UNTS), Vol. 75, pp. 31, 85, 135 and 287.
27. L. Green, 'Command Responsibility in International Law', 5 Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems (1995) pp. 319, 341.
28. 1125 UNTS pp. 3 and 609.
29. Report of the Work of the Conference of Government Experts on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, 2nd session, 3 May-3 June 1972, Vol. I (Report). The Conference drew 400 experts from 77 States Parties to the 1949 Geneva Conventions.
30. Official Records, Vol. IX, p. 18, para. 14 (CDDH/I/SR.43,23 April 1976).
31. Official Records, Vol. III, p. 329.
32. Official Records, Vol. VI, p. 307.
33. Y. Sandoz, C. Swinarski, and B. Zimmermann, eds., Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 (Geneva, Martinus Nijhoff 1987) p. 1015, para. 3548.
34. Commander E.M. Byrne, Military Law, 2nd edn. (Indianapolis, US Naval Institute Press 1991) pp. 14-15.
35. The Prosecutor v. Tadic, Judgment of the Appeals Chamber (2 October 1995), para. 94.
36. ICJ Rep. (1986) p. 14, paras. 174-179.
37. North Sea Continental Shelf cases, ICJ Rep. (1969) p. 3, paras. 63,66 and 69.