Sex-differential and non-specific effects of routine vaccinations in a rural area with low vaccination coverage: An observational study from Senegal

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 77-84

  Aaby, Peter ^a,c   Nielsen, Jens ^b   Benn, Christine S ^b   Trape, Jean François ^a  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (Senegal)

^b STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

^c Studies of the Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Demographic Surveillance Systems   (Guinea-Bissau)

Author keywords

BCG; DTP; Measles vaccine; Non specific effects of vaccines; Sequence of vaccinations; Sex differential effects

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS VACCINE; MEASLES VACCINE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HEALTH CENTER; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEWBORN; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE; RURAL AREA; SENEGAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEX RATIO; SURVIVAL; VACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

BCG VACCINE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MEASLES VACCINE; RURAL POPULATION; SENEGAL; SEX FACTORS; VACCINATION;

EID: 84928882588     PISSN: 00359203     EISSN: 18783503     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/tru186     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Kristensen I, Aaby P, Jensen H. Routine vaccinations and child survival:follow-up study in Guinea-Bissau. BMJ 2000;321:1435-8.
2. Aaby P, Jensen H, Gomes J et al. The introduction of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and child mortality in rural Guinea-Bissau: an observational study. Int J Epidemiol 2004,33:374-80.
3. Aaby P, Jensen H, Samb B et al. Differences in female-male mortality after high-titre measles vaccine and association with subsequent vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and inactivated poliovirus: a reanalysis of the West African studies. Lancet 2003;361:2183-8.
4. Holt EA, Moultin LH, Siberry GK, Halsey NA. Differential mortality according to measles vaccine titer and sex. J Infect Dis 1993;168:1987-96.
5. Aaby P, Garly ML, Balé C et al. Survival of previously measlesvaccinated and measles-unvaccinated children in an emergency situation: an unplanned study. Pediatr Inf Dis J 2003;22:798-805.
6. Aaby P, Samb B, Simondon F et al. Non-specific beneficial effect of measles immunization: analysis of mortality studies from developing countries. BMJ 1995;311:481-5.
7. Ashorn P, Maleta K, Espo M, Kulmala T. Male-biased mortality among 1-2 years old children in rural Malawi. Arch Dis Child 2002;87:386-7.
8. Aaby P, Jensen H, Walraven G. Age-specific changes in female-male mortality ratio related to the pattern of vaccinations: an observational study from rural Gambia. Vaccine 2006;24:4701-8.
9. Hirve S, Bavdekar A, Juvekar S et al. Non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccinations on child survival in rural western India. Vaccine 2012;30:7300-8.
10. Aaby P, Benn CS, Nielsen J et al. Testing the hypothesis that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine has negative non-specific and sex-differential effects on child survival in high-mortality countries. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000707.
11. Benn CS, Netea MG, Selin LK, Aaby P. A small jab - a big effect:nonspecific immunomodulation by vaccines. Trends Immunol 2013;34:431-9.
12. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F et al. Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:17537-42.
13. Welsh RM, Selin LH. No one is naïve: the significance of heterologus T-cell immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2002;2:417-26.
14. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F et al. Long-lasting effects of BCG vaccination on both heterologous Th1/Th17 responses and innate trained immunity. J Innate Immun 2014;6:152-8.
15. Elguero E, Simondon KB, Vaugelade J et al. Non-specific effects of vaccination on survival: A prospective study in Senegal. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10:956-60.
16. Global Advisory Committee on vaccine Safety. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2002;77:393-4.
17. Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2004;79:269-72.
18. Hall AJ. Vaccination and child mortality. Lancet 2004;364:2156-7.
19. Lehmann D, Vail J, Firth MJ. Benefits of routine immunisations on childhood survival in Tari, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:138-48.
20. Breiman RF, Streatfield PK, Phelan M et al. Effect of infant immunization on childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh: analysis of health and demographic surveillance data. Lancet 2004;364:2204-11.
21. Vaugelade J, Pinchinat S, Guielle G et al. Non-specific effects of vaccination on child survival: prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso. BMJ 2004;329:1309-11.
22. Nyarko P, Pence B, Debpuur C. Immunization status and child survival in rural Ghana. Working papers No. 147. New York: Population Council; 2001.
23. Moulton LH, Rahmathullah L, Halsey NA et al. Evaluation of non-specific effects of infant immunizations on early infant mortality in a southern Indian population. Trop Med Int Health 2005;10:947-55.
24. Fine PEM, Smith PG. 'Non-specific effects of vaccines' - an important analytical insight, and a call for a workshop. Trop Med Int Health 2007;12:1-4.
25. Jensen H, Benn CS, Lisse IM et al. Survival bias in observational studies of the impact of routine vaccinations on childhood survival. Trop Med Int Health 2007;12:5-14.
26. Aaby P, Benn CS, Nielsen J et al. DTP vaccination and child survival in observational studies with incomplete vaccination data. Trop Med Int Health 2007;12:15-24.
27. Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2014;89:233-5.
28. Higgins JPT, Soares-Weiser K, Reingold A. Systematic review of the non-specific effects of BCG, DTP and measles containing vaccines. http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2014/april [accessed 1 June 2014].
29. Trape JF, Sauvage C, Ndiaye O et al. New malaria-control policies and child mortality in Senegal: reaching millennium development goal 4. J Infect Dis 2012;205:672-9.
30. Simondon F, Preziosi MP, Yam A et al. A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal. Vaccine 1997;15:1606-12.
31. Aaby P, Roth A, Ravn H et al. Randomized trial of BCG vaccination at birth to low-birth-weight children: beneficial nonspecific effects in the neonatal period? J Infect Dis 2011;204:245-52.
32. Aaby P, Ravn H, Roth A et al. Early diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination associated with higher female mortality and no difference in male mortality in a cohort of low birthweight children: an observational study within a randomised trial. Arch Dis Child 2012:97:685-91.
33. Fine PE, Smith PG, Evans SJ. Non-specific effects of BCG? J Infect Dis 2012;205:515.
34. Flanagan KL, van Crevel R, CurtisN et al. Heterologous ("nonspecific") and sex-differential effects of vaccines: epidemiology, clinical trials, and emerging immunological mechanisms. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:283-9.
35. Shann F. Heterologous immunity and the nonspecific effects of vaccines:a major medical advance? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:555-8.