The legal personality of the european communities and the european union

Netherlands Yearbook of International Law

Volumn 30, Issue , 1999, Pages 75-113

  de Zwaan, Jaap W ^a  

^a ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84928878858     PISSN: 01676768     EISSN: 15740951     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0167676800000908     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. J. Grunwald in H. von der Groeben, Kommentar zum EWG-Vertrag (Baden-Baden, Nomos 1993) pp. 5-60.
2. Commission v. Council, case 22/70 [1971] ECR 263 at 274.
3. Kramer et al., [1976] ECR 1279, notably paras. 19-20.
4. European Laying-up fund for inland waterway vessels, [1977] ECR 741, notably para. 3.
5. ILO Convention on safety in the use of chemicals at work, [1993] ECR I-1061, notably para. 7.
6. Third Revised Decision of the OECD on National Treatment, [1995] ECR I-521, notably para. 29.
7. WTO-GATS and TRIPS, [1994] ECR I-5267, notably para. 48.
8. Reparation for Injuries, Opinion, ICJ Rep. 1949, p. 182.
9. ICJ Rep. 1949, p. 182.
10. H. von der Groeben, et al., Kommentar zum EWG-Vertag, 3rd edn., (Baden-Baden, Nomos 1983) p. 774.
11. P.J.G. Kapteyn and P. VerLoren van Themaat, Introduction to the Law of the European Communities, 3rd edn., revised and edited by L. Gormley (London, Kluwer Law International 1998) pp. 97-100 and pp. 1256-1258.
12. Commission v. Council, case C-25/94, judgment of 19 March 1996, [1996] ECR I-1497
13. U. Everling, ‘Reflections of the Structure of the European Union’, 29 CMLRev. (1992) p. 1061
14. A.D. Pliakos, ‘La nature juridique de l’Union européenne’, 29 RTD eur. (1993) pp. 213
15. M.R. Eaton, ‘Common Foreign and Security Policy’, in D. O’Keeffe and P.M. Twomey, eds., Legal Issues of the Maastricht Treaty (London, Wiley Chancery Law 1994) p. 224
16. T. Heukels and J.W. de Zwaan, ‘The Configuration of the European Union; Community Dimensions of Institutional Interaction’, in D. Curtin and T. Heukels, eds., Institutional Dynamics of European Integration, Essays in Honour of Henry G. Schermers, Vol. II, (Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1994) pp. 201, 202 et seq. and 227
17. H.G. Schermers and N.M. Blokker, International Institutional Law, 3rd rev. edn. (The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1995) p. 977
18. I. MacLeod, I.D. Hendry and S. Hyett, The external relations of the European Communities (London, Clarendon 1996) p. 25
19. J-Cl. Gautron, ‘l’Union européenne et le concept d’organisation internationale’, in D. Dormoy, ed., L’Union européenne et les organisations internationales (Brussels, Bruylant 1997) p. 16.
20. J. Cloos, G. Reinesch, D. Vignes and J. Weyland, Le Traité de Maastricht, genèse, analyse, commentaires, (Brussels, Bruylant 1993) p. 115.
21. Becker v. Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt, case 8/81, judgment of 19 January 1982 [1982] ECR 53.
22. N.D. White, The Law of International Organisations, (Manchester, University Press 1996) p. 50
23. R.H. van Ooik, ‘Externe bevoegdheden van de Europese Unie – Colloquium verslag en synthese’ [‘External competences of the European Union – Colloquium report and synthesis’], in Externe bevoegdheden van de Europese Unie [External competences of the European Union], Asser Instituut Colloquium Europees recht, Drieëntwintigste Zitting (1993) pp. 128-129
24. G. Ress, ‘Ist die Europäische Union eine juristische Person?’, 2 EuR (1995) p. 27 et seq.
25. R.A. Wessel, ‘The International Status of the European Union’, 2 European Foreign Affairs Review (1997) p. 128
26. D. McGoldrick, International Relations Law of the European Union (London, Longman 1997) p. 36 et seq.
27. J. Klabbers, ‘Presumptive Personality: The European Union in International Law’, in M. Koskenniemi, ed., International Law Aspects of the European Union (The Hague, Kluwer Law International 1998) p. 243 et seq.
28. D.M. Curtin and R.H. van Ooik, ‘Een Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie?’ [‘A Court of Justice of the European Union?’], 1 SEW (1999) pp. 24-38.
29. ICJ Rep. 1949, p. 180.
30. E.P. Wellenstein, ‘Unity, Community, Union – what’s in a name?’ (Guest Editorial), 29 CML Rev. (1992) pp. 205-212
31. D. Curtin, ‘The Constitutional Structure of the Union: A Europe of Bits and Pieces’, 30 CML Rev. (1993) pp. 17-69
32. D. Curtin and T. Heukels, eds., Institutional Dynamics of European Integration, Essays in Honour of Henry G. Schermers, Vol. II (Dordrecht, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 1994).
33. I. Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (1990) p. 681
34. B. de Witte, ‘The Pillar Structure and the Nature of the European Union: Greek Temple of French Gothic Cathedral’, in T. Heukels, N. Blokker, M. Brus, eds., The European Union after Amsterdam, A Legal Analysis, (The Hague, Kluwer Law International 1998) pp. 51-68
35. OJ 1995, C 316/1.
36. Trb. 1998 No. 241.
37. R. Barents, Het verdrag van Amsterdam (The Treaty of Amsterdam), Europese Monografieën No. 51 (Deventer, Kluwer 1997) pp. 3-9 and 155 et seq
38. A. Dashwood, ‘External relations provisions of the Amsterdam Treaty’, 35 CMLRev. (1998) pp. 1019-1045
39. J.W. de Zwaan, Het recht als fundament van de Europese Unie, Schets van belangrijke beginselen en recente vernieuwingen [The law as foundation of the European Union, sketch of important principles and recent innovations] (Deventer, Kluwer 1998) pp. 19 et seq
40. J.W. de Zwaan, ‘Het Verdrag van Amsterdam, Etappe in het proces van Europese Integratie’ [‘The Treaty of Amsterdam, Stage in the process of European Integration’], 11 NJB (1999) pp. 492-500
41. B.J. Drijber, ‘De Europese instellingen na het Verdrag van Amsterdam: evenwicht zonder overzicht?’ [The European Institutions after the Treaty of Amsterdam, a balance without overall picture?’], 13 NJB (1999) pp. 587-596
42. D.M. Curtin and I.F. Dekker, ‘The European Union as a ‘Layered’ International Organisation: Institutional Unity in Disguise’, in P. Craig and G. de Búrca, eds., European Law: An Evolutionary Perspective (Oxford, Oxford University Press 1999) pp. 83-136.
43. N.M. Blokker and T. Heukels, ‘The European Union: Historical Origins and Institutional Challenges’, in Heukels et al., The European Union after Amsterdam, A Legal Analysis, (The Hague, Kluwer Law International 1998) n. 70, at pp. 27 et seq.
44. R. Wessel, The European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, a Legal Institutional Perspective (The Hague, Kluwer Law International 1999) notably Chapter 7.
45. L.F.M. Besselink, ‘Tussen supra-nationaliteit en soevereiniteit: over het niet-communautaire recht van de Europese Unie’ [‘Between supranational and sovereignty: the non-Community law of the European Union] in Europese Unie en nationale soevereniteit [The European Union and national sovereignty], Publikatie van de Staatsrechtkring (Zwolle, W.E.J. Tjeenk Willink 1997) pp. 132-133
46. R. Barents en L.J. Brinkhorst, Grondlijnen van Europees recht [Basic principles of European law], 8th edn. (Alphen ad Rijn, Samson 1998) p. 45 and 525
47. K. Lenaerts and E. de Smijter, ‘The United Nations and the European Union: living apart together’, in K. Wellens, ed., International Law: Theory and Practise (The Hague, Kluwer International Law 1998) p. 441.